CEBPB

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CEBPB
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
Aliases CEBPB, C/EBP-beta, IL6DBP, NF-IL6, TCF5, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta
External IDs MGI: 88373 HomoloGene: 3807 GeneCards: CEBPB
RNA expression pattern
More reference expression data
Orthologs
Species Human Mouse
Entrez

1051

12608

Ensembl

ENSG00000172216

ENSMUSG00000056501

UniProt

P17676

P28033

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_005194
NM_001285878
NM_001285879

NM_001287738
NM_001287739
NM_009883

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001272807.1
NP_001272808.1
NP_005185.2

NP_001274667.1
NP_001274668.1
NP_034013.1

Location (UCSC) Chr 20: 50.19 – 50.19 Mb Chr 2: 167.69 – 167.69 Mb
PubMed search [1] [2]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CEBPB gene.[3][4]

Function

The protein encoded by this intronless gene is a bZIP transcription factor that can bind as a homodimer to certain DNA regulatory regions. It can also form heterodimers with the related proteins CEBP-alpha, CEBP-delta, and CEBP-gamma. The encoded protein is important in the regulation of genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses and has been shown to bind to the IL-1 response element in the IL-6 gene, as well as to regulatory regions of several acute-phase and cytokine genes. In addition, the encoded protein can bind the promoter and upstream element and stimulate the expression of the collagen type I gene.[5]

CEBP-beta is critical for normal macrophage functioning, an important immune cell sub-type; mice unable to express CEBP-beta have macrophages that cannot differentiate (specialize) and thus are unable to perform all their biological functions - including macrophage-mediated muscle repair.[6] Observational work has shown that expression of CEBP-beta in blood leukocytes is positively associated with muscle strength in humans,[7] emphasizing the importance of the immune system, and particularly macrophages, in the maintenance of muscle function.

Target genes

CEBPB is capable of increasing the expression of several target genes. Among them, some have specific role in the nervous system such as the preprotachykinin-1 gene, giving rise to substance P and neurokinin A[8] and the choline acetyltransferase responsible for the biosynthesis of the important neurotransmitter acetylcholine.[9] Other targets include genes coding for cytokines such as IL-6,[10] IL-4,[11] IL-5,[12] and TNF-alpha.[13] Genes coding for transporter proteins that confer multidrug resistance to the cells have also been found to be activated by CEBPB. Such genes include ABCC2[14] and ABCB1.[15]

Interactions

CEBPB has been shown to interact with:

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
  2. ↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
  3. ↑ Szpirer C, Riviere M, Cortese R, Nakamura T, Islam MQ, Levan G, Szpirer J (Jul 1992). "Chromosomal localization in man and rat of the genes encoding the liver-enriched transcription factors C/EBP, DBP, and HNF1/LFB-1 (CEBP, DBP, and transcription factor 1, TCF1, respectively) and of the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor gene (HGF)". Genomics. 13 (2): 293–300. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90245-N. PMID 1535333.
  4. ↑ Cao Z, Umek RM, McKnight SL (Oct 1991). "Regulated expression of three C/EBP isoforms during adipose conversion of 3T3-L1 cells". Genes Dev. 5 (9): 1538–52. doi:10.1101/gad.5.9.1538. PMID 1840554.
  5. ↑ "Entrez Gene: CEBPB CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta".
  6. ↑ Ruffell D, Mourkioti F, Gambardella A, Kirstetter P, Lopez RG, Rosenthal N, Nerlov C (2009). "A CREB-C/EBPbeta cascade induces M2 macrophage-specific gene expression and promotes muscle injury repair". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 106 (41): 17475–80. doi:10.1073/pnas.0908641106. PMC 2762675Freely accessible. PMID 19805133.
  7. ↑ Harries LW, Pilling LC, Hernandez LD, Bradley-Smith R, Henley W, Singleton AB, Guralnik JM, Bandinelli S, Ferrucci L, Melzer D (2012). "CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein-beta expression in vivo is associated with muscle strength". Aging Cell. 11 (2): 262–8. doi:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2011.00782.x. PMC 3486692Freely accessible. PMID 22152057.
  8. ↑ Kovács KA, Steinmann M, Magistretti PJ, Halfon O, Cardinaux JR (September 2006). "C/EBPbeta couples dopamine signalling to substance P precursor gene expression in striatal neurones". J. Neurochem. 98 (5): 1390–9. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03957.x. PMID 16771829.
  9. ↑ Robert I, Sutter A, Quirin-Stricker C (October 2002). "Synergistic activation of the human choline acetyltransferase gene by c-Myb and C/EBPbeta". Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 106 (1–2): 124–35. doi:10.1016/S0169-328X(02)00419-9. PMID 12393272.
  10. ↑ Natsuka S, Akira S, Nishio Y, Hashimoto S, Sugita T, Isshiki H, Kishimoto T (January 1992). "Macrophage differentiation-specific expression of NF-IL6, a transcription factor for interleukin-6". Blood. 79 (2): 460–6. PMID 1730090.
  11. ↑ Davydov IV, Krammer PH, Li-Weber M (December 1995). "Nuclear factor-IL6 activates the human IL-4 promoter in T cells". J. Immunol. 155 (11): 5273–9. PMID 7594540.
  12. ↑ van Dijk TB, Baltus B, Raaijmakers JA, Lammers JW, Koenderman L, de Groot RP (September 1999). "A composite C/EBP binding site is essential for the activity of the promoter of the IL-3/IL-5/granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor beta c gene". J. Immunol. 163 (5): 2674–80. PMID 10453008.
  13. ↑ Greenwel P, Tanaka S, Penkov D, Zhang W, Olive M, Moll J, Vinson C, Di Liberto M, Ramirez F (February 2000). "Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Inhibits Type I Collagen Synthesis through Repressive CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Proteins". Mol. Cell. Biol. 20 (3): 912–8. doi:10.1128/MCB.20.3.912-918.2000. PMC 85208Freely accessible. PMID 10629048.
  14. ↑ Tanaka T, Uchiumi T, Hinoshita E, Inokuchi A, Toh S, Wada M, Takano H, Kohno K, Kuwano M (December 1999). "The human multidrug resistance protein 2 gene: functional characterization of the 5'-flanking region and expression in hepatic cells". Hepatology. 30 (6): 1507–12. doi:10.1002/hep.510300617. PMID 10573531.
  15. ↑ Chen GK, Sale S, Tan T, Ermoian RP, Sikic BI (April 2004). "CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (nuclear factor for interleukin 6) transactivates the human MDR1 gene by interaction with an inverted CCAAT box in human cancer cells". Mol. Pharmacol. 65 (4): 906–16. doi:10.1124/mol.65.4.906. PMID 15044620.
  16. ↑ Chen Y, Zhuang S, Cassenaer S, Casteel DE, Gudi T, Boss GR, Pilz RB. "Synergism between calcium and cyclic GMP in cyclic AMP response element-dependent transcriptional regulation requires cooperation between CREB and C/EBP-beta". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (12): 4066–82. doi:10.1128/mcb.23.12.4066-4082.2003. PMC 156132Freely accessible. PMID 12773552.
  17. ↑ Mo X, Kowenz-Leutz E, Xu H, Leutz A (January 2004). "Ras induces mediator complex exchange on C/EBP beta". Mol. Cell. 13 (2): 241–50. doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(03)00521-5. PMID 14759369.
  18. ↑ Hattori T, Ohoka N, Hayashi H, Onozaki K (April 2003). "C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) up-regulates IL-6 transcription by trapping negative regulating NF-IL6 isoform". FEBS Lett. 541 (1-3): 33–9. doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00283-7. PMID 12706815.
  19. ↑ Fawcett TW, Eastman HB, Martindale JL, Holbrook NJ (June 1996). "Physical and functional association between GADD153 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta during cellular stress". J. Biol. Chem. 271 (24): 14285–9. doi:10.1074/jbc.271.24.14285. PMID 8662954.
  20. ↑ Mink S, Haenig B, Klempnauer KH (November 1997). "Interaction and functional collaboration of p300 and C/EBPbeta". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (11): 6609–17. doi:10.1128/mcb.17.11.6609. PMC 232514Freely accessible. PMID 9343424.
  21. 1 2 Boruk M, Savory JG, Haché RJ (November 1998). "AF-2-dependent potentiation of CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta-mediated transcriptional activation by glucocorticoid receptor". Mol. Endocrinol. 12 (11): 1749–63. doi:10.1210/mend.12.11.0191. PMID 9817600.
  22. ↑ Stein B, Yang MX (September 1995). "Repression of the interleukin-6 promoter by estrogen receptor is mediated by NF-kappa B and C/EBP beta". Mol. Cell. Biol. 15 (9): 4971–9. PMC 230744Freely accessible. PMID 7651415.
  23. 1 2 Foti D, Iuliano R, Chiefari E, Brunetti A. "A nucleoprotein complex containing Sp1, C/EBP beta, and HMGI-Y controls human insulin receptor gene transcription". Mol. Cell. Biol. 23 (8): 2720–32. doi:10.1128/mcb.23.8.2720-2732.2003. PMC 152545Freely accessible. PMID 12665574.
  24. ↑ Xie Y, Chen C, Stevenson MA, Auron PE, Calderwood SK (April 2002). "Heat shock factor 1 represses transcription of the IL-1beta gene through physical interaction with the nuclear factor of interleukin 6". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (14): 11802–10. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109296200. PMID 11801594.
  25. ↑ Miau LH, Chang CJ, Shen BJ, Tsai WH, Lee SC (April 1998). "Identification of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K) as a repressor of C/EBPbeta-mediated gene activation". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (17): 10784–91. doi:10.1074/jbc.273.17.10784. PMID 9553145.
  26. ↑ Weber M, Sydlik C, Quirling M, Nothdurfter C, Zwergal A, Heiss P, Bell S, Neumeier D, Ziegler-Heitbrock HW, Brand K (June 2003). "Transcriptional inhibition of interleukin-8 expression in tumor necrosis factor-tolerant cells: evidence for involvement of C/EBP beta". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (26): 23586–93. doi:10.1074/jbc.M211646200. PMID 12707271.
  27. ↑ Xia C, Cheshire JK, Patel H, Woo P (December 1997). "Cross-talk between transcription factors NF-kappa B and C/EBP in the transcriptional regulation of genes". Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol. 29 (12): 1525–39. doi:10.1016/s1357-2725(97)00083-6. PMID 9570146.
  28. ↑ Hanlon M, Sealy L (May 1999). "Ras regulates the association of serum response factor and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (20): 14224–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.274.20.14224. PMID 10318842.
  29. ↑ Sealy L, Malone D, Pawlak M (March 1997). "Regulation of the cfos serum response element by C/EBPbeta". Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 (3): 1744–55. doi:10.1128/mcb.17.3.1744. PMC 231899Freely accessible. PMID 9032301.
  30. ↑ Kowenz-Leutz E, Leutz A (November 1999). "A C/EBP beta isoform recruits the SWI/SNF complex to activate myeloid genes". Mol. Cell. 4 (5): 735–43. doi:10.1016/s1097-2765(00)80384-6. PMID 10619021.
  31. ↑ Liu YW, Tseng HP, Chen LC, Chen BK, Chang WC (July 2003). "Functional cooperation of simian virus 40 promoter factor 1 and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta and delta in lipopolysaccharide-induced gene activation of IL-10 in mouse macrophages". J. Immunol. 171 (2): 821–8. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.171.2.821. PMID 12847250.
  32. ↑ Rooney JW, Calame KL. "TIF1beta functions as a coactivator for C/EBPbeta and is required for induced differentiation in the myelomonocytic cell line U937". Genes Dev. 15 (22): 3023–38. doi:10.1101/gad.937201. PMC 312827Freely accessible. PMID 11711437.
  33. ↑ Chang CJ, Chen YL, Lee SC (October 1998). "Coactivator TIF1beta interacts with transcription factor C/EBPbeta and glucocorticoid receptor to induce alpha1-acid glycoprotein gene expression". Mol. Cell. Biol. 18 (10): 5880–7. doi:10.1128/mcb.18.10.5880. PMC 109174Freely accessible. PMID 9742105.
  34. ↑ Zhang F, Lin M, Abidi P, Thiel G, Liu J (November 2003). "Specific interaction of Egr1 and c/EBPbeta leads to the transcriptional activation of the human low density lipoprotein receptor gene". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (45): 44246–54. doi:10.1074/jbc.M305564200. PMID 12947119.

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