Guimaras

"Guimaras Island" redirects here. For other uses, see Guimaras (disambiguation).
Guimaras
Province
Province of Guimaras

Seal
Nickname(s): Mango Capital of the Philippines

Location in the Philippines
Coordinates: 10°34′N 122°35′E / 10.57°N 122.58°E / 10.57; 122.58Coordinates: 10°34′N 122°35′E / 10.57°N 122.58°E / 10.57; 122.58
Country Philippines
Region Western Visayas (Region VI)
Founded May 22, 1992
Capital Jordan
Government
 • Type Sangguniang Panlalawigan
 • Congressman Lucille Nava (LP)
 • Governor Samuel T. Gumarin (LP)
 • Vice Governor John Edward G. Gando (LP)
Area[1]
 • Total 604.57 km2 (233.43 sq mi)
Area rank 77th out of 81
Population (2015 census)[2]
 • Total 174,613
 • Rank 74th out of 81
 • Density 290/km2 (750/sq mi)
 • Density rank 28th out of 81
Divisions
 • Independent cities 0
 • Component cities 0
 • Municipalities
 • Barangays 98
 • Districts Lone district of Guimaras
Time zone PHT (UTC+8)
ZIP code 5044–5048
IDD : area code  +63 (0)33
ISO 3166 code PH-GUI
Spoken languages
Website guimaras.gov.ph

Guimaras [ɡimaˈɾas] (Hiligaynon: Kapuoran sang Guimaras; Karay-a: Probinsiya kang Guimaras; Filipino: Lalawigan ng Guimaras) is an island province in the Philippines located in the Western Visayas region. Among the smallest provinces, its capital is Jordan. The province is situated in the Panay Gulf, between the islands of Panay and Negros. To the northwest is the province of Iloilo and to the southeast is Negros Occidental. The island is part of the Metro Iloilo-Guimaras, one of the twelve metropolitan areas of the Philippines.

The province consists primarily of Guimaras Island, and also includes Inampulugan, Guiwanon (or Guiuanon), Panobolon, Natunga, Nadulao, and many minor surrounding islands.[3] Geologists have concluded that the island once formed one landmass with Panay.

Guimaras, formerly known as Himal-us, was a sub-province of Iloilo until it was made an independent province on May 22, 1992.

History

Spanish era

About 1581, Gonzalo Ronquillo de Peñalosa, Spanish governor and Captain-General of the Philippine Islands, established a settlement in Guimaras for the purpose of the Christianising the island's natives. He and his subordinates organized the pueblicitos or villages of Nayup under the patronage of Saint Peter the Apostle, and Igang with Saint Anne as patroness.

Evangelization of Guimaras occurred around the same time the friars were making inroads in Panay. The Augustinians established the visitas (chapelries) of Nayup and Igang as subordinate to Oton, Iloilo. Gómez Pérez Dasmariñas, the 7th Spanish Governor-General, noted in a 20 June 1591 report to King Philip II that the friars of Oton made regular visits to the island.

In 1742, the island came under the jurisdiction of Dumangas – now known as Iloilo, until 1751 when the Augustinian Order was replaced by the Jesuits, after which the Dominican order took over Guimaras. The Jesuits, who had established a school in Iloilo and had missions in Molo and Arevalo, took charge of the island. By 1755, it was organized into a regular parish. When the population increased considerably, the island was given its municipal status with a seat of government at Tilad (today Buenavista).

American era

Under American rule, the Guimarasnons were given the opportunity to elect their municipal president in 1908.[4]

Douglas MacArthur, a fresh graduate from West Point as a Second Lieutenant at the age of 23, came to Iloilo as the head of the company of U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. They constructed roads and the Santo Rosario Wharf, presently named MacArthur's Wharf, which are still in use today. In November 1903, while working on Guimaras, he was ambushed by a pair of Filipino brigands or guerrillas; he shot and killed both with his pistol.[5]

In 1942, Japanese Imperial forces landed on Guimaras Island as the Empire of Japan began its occupation of the country during the Second World War.

In 1945, the combined United States and Philippine Commonwealth forces landed on Guimaras Island, attacking the Japanese and defeating them in the Battle of Guimaras, which led to the liberation of the island.[6]

Provincial status

Guimaras gained its status as a sub-province of Iloilo through Republic Act 4667,[7] which was enacted by Congress on 18 June 1966. It was proclaimed as a regular and full-fledged province on 22 May 1992 after a plebiscite was conducted to ratify the approval of its conversion pursuant to Section 462 of R.A. 7160.[8]

Shortly after Guimaras acquired its provincial status, President Fidel V. Ramos appointed Emily Relucio-López as its first Governor.

The province of Guimaras was originally composed up of three municipalities: Buenavista, Jordan, and Nueva Valencia. In 1995, through Republic Act No. 7896 and Republic Act No. 7897,[9][10] the municipalities of Sibunag and San Lorenzo were created. The two new municipalities officially acquired their municipal status after the May 8, 1995 plebiscite held simultaneously with the local election.

Ernesto L. Gedalanga was the first appointed mayor of Sibunag and Arsenio Zambarrano was also appointed mayor of San Lorenzo. The temporary seat of government of the Municipality of Sibunag is at Barangay Dasal while the temporary seat of Government of the Municipality of San Lorenzo is at Barangay Cabano.

Guimaras oil spill

In August 2006, the Guimaras oil spill occurred. The 998-ton M/T Solar 1, chartered by Petron (the Philippines’ largest oil refiner), carrying 2.4 million litres of bunker fuel, sank 17 kilometres (11 mi) off the island's southern coast, contaminating 24 square kilometres (9.3 sq mi). The Philippine Coast Guard called this the worst oil spill in the country’s history. According to officials, 1,100 hectares (2,700 acres) of mangroves were affected, including parts of the Taklong Island National Marine Reserve.[11]

Geography

Guimaras comprises primarily of Guimaras Island, and also includes Inampulugan, Guiwanon (or Guiuanon), Panobolon, Natunga, Nadulao, and other minor islets. The province covers a total area of 604.57 square kilometres (233.43 sq mi)[12] occupying the southeastern section of the Western Visayas region.

The province has 5 municipalities. There is only one legislative district of Guimaras which encompasses all five towns.

Municipality [lower-roman 1] Population ±% p.a. Area[12] Density Brgy.
(2015)[2] (2010)[13] km2 sq mi /km2 /sq mi
10°41′49″N 122°38′52″E / 10.6970°N 122.6479°E / 10.6970; 122.6479 (Buenavista) Buenavista 28.9% 50,437 46,703 +1.48% 128.26 49.52 390 1,000 36
10°39′40″N 122°35′27″E / 10.6611°N 122.5909°E / 10.6611; 122.5909 (Jordan) Jordan † 20.7% 36,096 34,791 +0.70% 126.11 48.69 290 750 14
10°31′35″N 122°32′23″E / 10.5265°N 122.5396°E / 10.5265; 122.5396 (Nueva Valencia) Nueva Valencia 22.8% 39,810 37,852 +0.96% 137.12 52.94 290 750 22
10°35′29″N 122°42′09″E / 10.5913°N 122.7024°E / 10.5913; 122.7024 (San Lorenzo) San Lorenzo 15.0% 26,112 24,032 +1.59% 93.04 35.92 280 730 12
10°30′10″N 122°37′49″E / 10.5028°N 122.6304°E / 10.5028; 122.6304 (Sibunag) Sibunag 12.7% 22,158 19,565 +2.40% 120.04 46.35 180 470 14
Total 174,613 162,943 +1.33% 604.57 233.43 290 750 98
 †  Provincial capital      Municipality
  1. ↑ The globe 
    icon marks the town center.
Political map of Guimaras showing its component municipalities

Demographics

Population census of
Guimaras
YearPop.±% p.a.
1990 117,990—    
1995 126,470+1.31%
2000 141,450+2.43%
YearPop.±% p.a.
2007 151,238+0.93%
2010 162,943+2.75%
2015 174,613+1.33%
Source: National Statistics Office[2][13][13]

The population of Guimaras in the 2015 census was 174,613 people,[2] with a density of 290 inhabitants per square kilometre or 750 inhabitants per square mile.

The people of the province, called Guimarasnon, speak Hiligaynon as the primary language, and Kinaray-a as it was once a sub-province of Iloilo. Filipino and English are widely spoken and understood.

Economy

Mangoes galore in the Guimaras Manggahan Festival

The province is basically agricultural with mangoes, palay, coconuts, vegetables, livestock, poultry and fishing as major products. Its major industries are tourism, fruit processing, coconut processing, fish farming, handicrafts making, mining, quarrying and lime production.

Guimaras greenery

Guimaras is well known for its agricultural crops, particularly mangoes, where some +50,000 of these trees are planted. The Guimaras Island is famous for producing some of the sweetest mangoes in the world, thus earning the nickname "Mango Capital of the Philippines" from local and foreign tourists. Guimaras mangoes are reportedly served at the White House and Buckingham Palace.[14][15][16] Guimaras' largest event of the year is the Manggahan Festival (the Mango Festival).[17] The variety of mangoes produced are also best for making dried mangoes, jam and other special delicacies.

Transportation

From Guimaras, a view of Iloilo City across the Iloilo Strait.

Located southeast of Panay, Guimaras is separated from Iloilo by the Iloilo Strait, a narrow channel which takes about fifteen minutes to cross by pump boat from Ortiz in Iloilo City to Jordan, Guimaras. Other ferries leave from the Parola wharf in Iloilo to Buenavista. The Parola wharf is used exclusively during rough weather conditions especially by ferries from Jordan-Ortiz. A roll-on/roll-off (RORO) ferry travels around five times a day but is mostly used to transport cargoes such as sacks of charcoals and root crops from Guimaras to Iloilo.

There is also a pump boat service connecting the town of San Lorenzo to Pulupandan in Negros Occidental.

Government

Tourism

etc.

See also

References

  1. ↑ "List of Provinces". PSGC Interactive. Makati City, Philippines: National Statistical Coordination Board. Retrieved 30 January 2013.
  2. 1 2 3 4 "Region VI (WESTERN VISAYAS)". Census of Population (2015): Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay (Report). PSA. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  3. ↑ Official map of province. Province of Guimaras
  4. ↑ "Guimaras History". Islands Philippines.
  5. ↑ Clayton, James, D. (1970). "Volume 1, 1880–1941", The Years of MacArthur. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 87–89. ISBN 0-395-10948-5.
  6. ↑ "US Army in WW II". Robert Ross Smith.
  7. ↑ "Republic Act No. 4667 - An Act Creating the Subprovince of Guimaras in the Province of Iloilo". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
  8. ↑ "An Act Providing for a Local Government Code of 1991". The LawPhil Project.
  9. ↑ "Republic Act No. 7896; An Act Creating the Municipality of Sibunag in the Province of Guimaras". Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
  10. ↑ "Republic Act No. 7897 - An Act Creating the Municipality of San Lorenzo in the Province of Guimaras". Chan Robles Virtual Law Library. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
  11. ↑ Ombion, Karl G.; Lachica, Ryan B. (2006). "Guimaras Oil Spill Ship Found Unfit for Sailing". Bulatlat. Archived from the original on 9 January 2007. Retrieved 15 April 2016. As of press time, the ship’s sinking has already caused an oil spill contaminating 200 kilometers of the coastline of Nueva Valencia, Sibunag and San Lorenzo towns. This has reportedly affected more than 20 sq. kms of coral reefs, 1,100 has. of the Taclong national marine reserve in Nueva Valencia, at least 4,000 fishermen and 17,000 households in several coastal villages.
  12. 1 2 "Province: Guimaras". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 8 January 2016.
  13. 1 2 3 "Region VI (WESTERN VISAYAS)". Census of Population and Housing (2010): Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay (Report). NSO. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  14. ↑ Alexander R. Bautista. "The hidden jewel that is Guimaras". Manila Standard Today.
  15. ↑ Stefanie. "Journey of a lifetime". blogspot.
  16. ↑ "Philippine Mangoes Naihain na sa White House at Buckingham Palace". GMA News.
  17. ↑ "Manggahan Festival". guimaras.gov.
 Iloilo
Iloilo Strait
Iloilo / Santa Ana Bay (Panay Gulf) Guimaras Strait / Negros Occidental
   Guimaras  
Guimaras Strait
Negros Occidental
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