Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 2014

Andhra Pradesh Assembly Elections 2014
India
7 May 2014
All 175 Assembly Constituencies
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader Nara Chandrababu Naidu Y. S. Jaganmohan Reddy
Party TDP YSRCP
Alliance NDA (India), Jana Sena Party
Leader since 1995 2011
Leader's seat Kuppam Pulivendula [1]
Last election 2009 -
Seats before 58 -
Seats won 106 67
Seat change +48 +67

CM before election

N. Kiran Kumar Reddy
INC

 CM-elect

Nara Chandrababu NaiduCBN
TDP

Telangana Assembly Elections 2014
30 April 2014
All 119 Assembly Constituencies
  Majority party Minority party Third party
 
Leader K. Chandrasekhar Rao Ponnala Lakshmaiah [2] R. Krishnaiah
Party TRS INC TDP-BJP
Alliance Third Front (India) UPA NDA
Leader since 2001 2014 2014
Leader's seat Gajwel[3] Jangaon
(lost)		 L. B. Nagar
Last election 2009 2009
Seats before 10 51 36
Seats won 63 21 20
Seat change +53 -30 -16

CM before election

N. Kiran Kumar Reddy
INC

 CM-elect

K. Chandrasekhar Rao
TRS

The Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly election of 2014 took place in April,May 2014, concurrently with the Indian general election, 2014. The elections were held in the state in the seventh phase (2014-04-30) and eighth phase (2014-05-07). The results were declared on 2014-05-16. President issued a gazette notification to carve Telangana state out of Andhra Pradesh on 2 June 2014. The Telugu Desam Party led by N. Chandrababu Naidu won with a massive mandate in the rump Andhra Pradesh, while Telangana Rashtra Samithi led by K. Chandrasekhar Rao won in the new state of Telangana.

Previous Assembly

In the 2009 Andhra Pradesh Assembly election, the Congress had taken the lead, winning 156 of the 294 seats in the Assembly. As the leader of the Congress Legislature Party, Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy was invited to form the Government by Governor N. D. Tiwari.

Unexpectedly, the Government lasted for 4 years 9 months and the president rule was imposed later which will expire on 30 May 2014. The Election Commission of India (ECI) decided to hold the Assembly elections along with the general election. The election in each Assembly constituency (AC) was held in the same phase as the election to the corresponding Parliamentary constituency that the AC falls under.

Background

Schedule of election

Poll Event Telangana Andhra Pradesh
Announcement & Issue of Press Note
Issue of Notification Wednesday, 02 Apr, 2014 Saturday 12 Apr, 2014
Last Date for filing Nominations Wednesday, 09 Apr, 2014 Saturday 19 Apr, 2014
Scrutiny of Nominations Thursday, 10 Apr, 2014 Monday, 21 Apr, 2014
Last date for withdrawal of Candidature Saturday, 12 Apr, 2014 Wednesday, 23 Apr, 2014
Date of Poll Wednesday, 30 Apr, 2014 Wednesday, 7 May 2014
Counting of Votes on Friday, 16 May 2014
Date of election being completed Wednesday, 28 May 2014
Constituencies Polling on this day 119 175
Source: Election Commission of India[4]
Location of Andhra Pradesh in India

Polling

Elections held in 2 phases i.e., 7th and 8th phase of General elections, 2014 on April 30, and May 7, 2014.

Phase 1

Polling passed off peacefully with more than 72% of more than 2.81 crore voters exercising their franchise in the 10 districts in the region. Chief Electoral Officer Bhanwarlal said the polling could touch 75 per cent. In 2009, the percentage was 67.71 in the region[5]

Phase 2

Chief Electoral Officer Bhanwarlal said around 76.80% of the 3.68 crore voters exercised their franchise across 175 Assembly and 25 Lok Sabha constituencies in the region and the voting percentage is likely to touch 80%. The highest turnout of 82.97% was recorded in Guntur district and the lowest of 70% in Vishakhapatnam district.[6]

Results

Andhra Pradesh Assembly

TDP 103
YSRCP 67
BJP 4
Independent 2

Telangana Assembly

Party Seats +/− Votes % +/−
TRS 63
INC 22
TDP 15
AIMIM 7
BJP 5
YSRCP 3
BSP 2
CPI 1
CPI(M) 1
Independent 0
AAP 0
LSP 0

Number of candidates won

Party Type Code Party Name Number of
M.P. Candidates		 Number of
M.L.A. Candidates
National Parties INC Indian National Congress 2 22
BJP Bharatiya Janata Party 3 9
CPI Communist Party of India 0 1
CPM Communist Party of India (Marxist) 0 1
BSP Bahujan Samaj Party 0 2
Regional Parties
TRS Telangana Rashtra Samithi 11 63
TDP Telugu Desam Party 16 102
YSRCP YSR Congress Party 9 67
LSP Lok Satta Party 0 0
AIMIM All India Majlis-e-Ittehadul Muslimeen 1 7
JSP Jai Samaikyandhra Party 0 0
TRLD Telangana Rasthriya Lokdal Party 0 0
ICSP Indian Christian Secular Party 0 0
Other
Parties		 AAP Aam Aadmi Party 0 0
Total 42 294

List of Winners:Phase-8 (May-7)

District S. No. Assembly Constituency Winner Party
Srikakulam 120 Ichchapuram Ashok Bendalam TDP
121 Palasa Gouthu Syam Sunder Sivaji
122 Tekkali Atchannaidu Kinjarapu
123 Pathapatnam Kalamata Venkataramana YSRCP
124 Srikakulam Gunda Lakshmi Devi TDP
125 Amadalavalasa Koona Ravikumar
126 Etcherla Kalavenkatarao Kimidi
127 Narasannapeta Ramanamurthy Baggu
128 Rajam Kambala Jogulu YSRCP
129 Palakonda Viswasarayi Kalavathi
Vizianagaram 130 Kurupam P Pushpa Vani
131 Parvathipuram B. Chiranjeevulu TDP
132 Salur Rajanna Dora YSRCP
133 Bobbili Sujay Krishna Rangarao
134 Cheepurupalli Kimidi Mrunalini TDP
135 Gajapathinagaram Kondapalli Appala Naidu
136 Nellimarla Narayanaswamy Naidu
137 Vizianagaram Meesala Geetha
138 Srungavarapukota Lalitha Kumari
Visakhapatnam 139 Bhimili Ganta Srinivasa Rao
140 Visakhapatnam East Velagapudi Ramakrishna Babu
141 Visakhapatnam South Vasupalli Ganesh Kumar
142 Visakhapatnam North P.Vishnu Kumar Raju BJP
143 Visakhapatnam West P V G R Naidu (ganababu)TDP
144 Gajuwaka Palla Srinivasarao
145 Chodavaram K S S Raju
146 Madugula BUDI. MUTYALA NAIDU YSRCP
147 Araku Valley Kidari Sarweshwara Rao
148 Paderu Giddi Eeshwari
149 Anakapalle P.Govinda Satyannarayana TDP
150 Pendurthi Bandaru Sathyanarayana Murthy
151 Yelamanchili Panchakarla Ramesh Babu
152 Payakaraopet Vangalapudi Anitha
153 Narsipatnam Ch. Ayyannapatrudu
East Godavari 154 Tuni Dadishetty Raja YSRCP
155 Prathipadu Varapula Subbarao
156 Pithapuram S V S N Varma TDP
157 Kakinada Rural Pilli Ananthalakshmi TDP
158 Peddapuram Nimmakayala chinna Rajappa
159 Anaparthy Nallamilli Rama Krishna Reddy
160 Kakinada City Vanamadi Venkateswararao
161 Ramachandrapuram Thota Thrimurthulu
162 Mummidivaram Daatla Subbaraju (Buchibabu)
163 Amalapuram Ayithabathula Ananda Rao
164 Razole Gollapalli Surya Rao
165 Gannavaram Pulaparthy Narayana Murthy
166 Kothapeta Chirla Jagga Reddy YSRCP
167 Mandapeta Vegulla Jogeshwara Rao TDP
168 Rajanagaram Pendhurthi Venkatesh
169 Rajahmundry City Aakula Sathyanarayana BJP
170 Rajahmundry Rural Gorantla Buchhaiah Chowdary TDP
171 Jaggampeta Jyothula Venkata Apparao YSRCP
172 Rampachodavaram Vanthala Rajeshwari
West Godavari 173 Kovvur Kothapalli Samuel Jawahar TDP
174 Nidadavole Burugupalli Shesha Rao
175 Achanta Pitani Sathyanarayana
176 Palakollu Nimmala Rama Naidu
177 Narasapuram Bandaru Madhava Naidu
178 Bhimavaram Pulaparthy Ramanjaneyulu
179 Undi Vetukuri Shivaramaraju
180 Tanuku Arimilli Radhakrishna
181 Tadepalligudem P Manikyala Rao BJP
182 Unguturu Ganni Veeranjaneyulu TDP
183 Denduluru Chintamaneni Prabhakar
184 Eluru Badeti Bujji
185 Gopalapuram(SC) Muppidi Venkateshwara Rao
186 Polavaram (ST) Modiyam Srinivasa Rao
187 Chintalapudi (SC) Peethala Sujatha
Krishna 188 Tiruvuru (SC) Kokkilagadda Rakshana Nidhi YSRCP
189 Nuzvid Meka Pratap Apparao
190 Gannavaram Vallabhaneni Vamsimohan TDP
191 Gudivada Kodali Venkateswar Rao (NANI) YSRCP
192 Kaikalur Kamineni Srinivasa Rao BJP
193 Pedana Kagitha Venkat Rao TDP
194 Machilipatnam Kollu Ravindra
195 Avanigadda Mandali Buddha Prasad
196 Pamarru (SC) Uppuleti Kalpana YSRCP
197 Penamaluru Bodepudi Prasad TDP
198 Vijayawada West Jallel Khan TDP
199 Vijayawada Central Bonda Umamaheswara Rao TDP
200 Vijayawada East Gadde Ramamohan
201 Mylavaram Devineni Uma Maheswara Rao
202 Nandigama (SC) Thangirala Prabhakar Rao (died on 16 June 2014)[7]
203 Jaggayyapeta Sreeram Rajagopal ( Tataiah )
Guntur 204 Pedakurapadu Sridhar
205 Tadikonda (SC) Tenali Sravana Kumar
206 Mangalagiri Aalla Ramakrishna Reddy YSRCP
207 Ponnuru Dhulipalla Narendra Kumar TDP
208 Vemuru (SC) Ananda Babu Nakka
209 Repalle Anagani Satya Prasad
210 Tenali Rajendra Prasad Alapati
211 Bapatla Kona RAghupati YSRCP
212 Prathipadu (SC) Ravella Kishore Babu TDP
213 Guntur West Venu Gopala Reddy
214 Guntur East Musthafa Shaik YSRCP
215 Chilakaluripet Prathipati Pulla Rao TDP
216 Narasaraopet Gopireddy Srinivas Reddy YSRCP
217 Sattenapalle Kodela Siva Prasad Rao TDP
218 Vinukonda G V S Anjaneyulu
219 Gurajala Yarapathneni Srinivasa Rao
220 Macherla Pinneli Ramakrishna Reddy YSRCP
Prakasam 221 Yerragondapalem (SC) P David raju
222 Darsi Shiddha Raghava Rao TDP
223 Parchur Y Samba Shivarao
224 Addanki G Ravi Kumar YSRCP
225 Chirala A Krishnamohan TDP
226 Santhanuthalapadu (SC) Adimulapau Suresh YSRCP
227 Ongole Damacharla Janardhana Rao TDP
228 Kandukur Pothula Ramarao YSRCP
229 Kondapi (SC) D B V Swamy TDP
230 Markapuram Janke Venkata Reddy YSRCP
231 Giddalur Muttumula Ashok Reddy
232 Kanigiri Kadiri Babu rao TDP
Nellore 233 Kavali PRATHAP KUMAR REDDY YSRCP
234 Atmakur Mekapati Gautam Reddy
235 Kovur Polamreddy srinivasulu reddy TDP
236 Nellore City P Anil Kumar Yadav YSRCP
237 Nellore Rural K Srihar Reddy
238 Sarvepalli Kakani Govardhan Reddy
239 Gudur Pasham Sunil Kumar
240 Sullurpeta Kiliveti Sanjeevaiah
241 Venkatagiri Kurugondla Ramakrishna TDP
242 Udayagiri Bollineni Ramarao
Kadapa 243 Badvel Jayaramulu YSRCP
244 Rajampet Mallikarjuna Reddy TDP
245 Kadapa Amjad basha YSRCP
246 Kodur Srinivasulu
247 Rayachoti G. Sreekanth
248 Pulivendula YS Jaganmohan Reddy(Highest Majority)
249 Kamalapuram Raveendranath reddy
250 Jammalamadugu Adinarayana Reddy
251 Proddatur Rachamallu Siva Prasad Reddy
252 Mydukur Raghurami Reddy
Kurnool 253 Allagadda Bhuma Shobha Nagi Reddy(died 24th April 2014)
254 Srisailam Budda Rajaskar Reddy
255 Nandikotkur Aijayya
256 Kurnool S.V.Mohan Reddy
257 Panyam Gowru Charitha Reddy
258 Nandyal B NAGI REDDY
259 Banaganapalle BC Janardhan Reddy TDP
260 Dhone Buggana RajaReddy YSRCP
261 Pattikonda Kambalapadu Ediga Krishna Murthy TDP
262 Kodumur Mani Gandhi YSRCP
263 Yemmiganur Jayanageswar Reddy TDP
264 Mantralayam Y. Balanagi Reddy YSRCP
265 Adoni Y. Sai Prasad Reddy
266 Alur Gummanuri Jayaramulu
Anantapur 267 Rayadurg K. Srinivasulu TDP
268 Uravakonda Vishweshwar Reddy YSRCP
269 Guntakal Jitendra Goud TDP
270 Tadpatri J C Prabhakar Reddy
271 Singanamala Yamini Bala
272 Anantapur Urban V. Prabhakar Chowdary
273 Kalyandurg Hanumatharaya Chowdari
274 Raptadu Paritala Sunitha
275 Madakasira K Eeranna
276 Hindupur Nandamuri Balakrishna
277 Penukonda B K Partha Sarathi
278 Puttaparthi Palle Raghunatha Reddy
279 Dharmavaram Suryanarayana
280 Kadiri Chand Basha
Chittoor 281 Thamballapalle G. Shankar Yadav TDP
282 Pileru Chinthala Ramachandra Reddy YSRCP
283 Madanapalle D Thippa Reddy
284 Punganur P Ramachandra Reddy
285 Chandragiri C Bhaskar Reddy
286 Tirupati Venkata Ramana TDP
287 Srikalahasti Bojjala Gopala Krishna Reddy
288 Satyavedu Talari Aditya
289 Nagari R.K.Roja salvamani YSRCP
290 Gangadhara Nellore(SC) Narayana Swamy
291 Chittoor Sathya Prabha TDP
292 Puthalapattu Sunil Kumar YSRCP
293 Palamaner Amaranath Reddy
294 Kuppam N.Chandrababu Naidu TDP

List of Winners:Phase-7 (April-30)

District S. No. Assembly Constituency Winner Party
Adilabad 1 Sirpur Koneru Kannappa BSP (merged with TRS)
2 Chennur (SC) Nallala Odelu TRS
3 Bellampalli (SC) Durgam Chinnaiah
4 Mancheriala Diwakar Rao Nadipelli
5 Asifabad (ST) Kova Lakshmi
6 Khanapur (ST) Ajmeera Rekha
7 Adilabad Jogu Ramanna
8 Boath (ST) Rathod Bapurao
9 Nirmal Allolla Indrakaran Reddy BSP (merged with TRS)
10 Mudhole Gaddigari Vittal Reddy INC
Nizamabad 11 Armoor Ashannagari Jeevan Reddy TRS
12 Bodhan Shakil
13 Jukkal (SC) Hanmanth Shinde
14 Banswada Srinivas Reddy Parige
15 Yellareddy E Ravinder Reddy
16 Kamareddy Gampa Govardhan
17 Nizamabad (Urban) Bigala Ganesh
18 Nizamabad (Rural) Goverdhan Baji Reddy
19 Balkonda Vemula Prashanth Reddy
Karimnagar 20 Koratla Kalvakuntla Vidyasagara Rao
21 Jagtial Jeevan Reddy ThatiparthiINC
22 Dharmapuri Koppula Eshwar TRS
23 Ramagundam Somarapu Satyanarayana
24 Manthani Putta Madhukar
25 Peddapalle Manohar Reddy Dasari
26 Karimnagar Gangula Kamalakar
27 Choppadandi (SC) Bodiga Shobha
28 Vemulawada Ramesh Chennamaneni
29 Sircilla K Tarakarama Rao (KTR)
30 Manakondur (SC) Rasamai Balakishan
31 Huzurabad Eatela Rajendar
32 Husnabad Vodithela Satish Kumar
Medak 33 Siddipet Thaneeru Harish Rao
34 Medak M.Padma Devender Reddy
35 Narayankhed Patlola Kishta Reddy INC
36 Andole (SC) Babumohan Pally TRS
37 Narsapur Chilumula Madan Reddy
38 Zahirabad (SC) Jetty Geeta INC
39 Sangareddy Chinta Prabhakar TRS
40 Patancheru Gudem Maipal Reddy
41 Dubbak Solipeta Ramalinga Reddy
42 Gajwel Kalvakuntla Chandrasekhara Rao
Ranga Reddy 43 Malkajgiri C. Kanna Reddy
44 Medchal M. Sudheer Reddy
45 Quthbullapur K.P. Vivekanand TDP
46 Kukatpally Madhavaram Krishna Rao
47 Uppal N.V.S.S. Prabhakar BJP
48 Ibrahimpatnam Manchireddy Kishan Reddy TDP
49 L. B. Nagar Ryaga Krishnaiah
50 Maheshwaram Teegala Krishna Reddy
51 Rajendranagar Tolkanti Prakash Goud
52 Serilingampally Arekapudi Gandhi
53 Chevella (SC) Kale Yadaiah INC
54 Pargi Tammannagari Rammohan Reddy
55 Vicarabad (SC) B. Sanjeeva Rao TRS
56 Tandur P. Mahender Reddy
Hyderabad 57 Malakpet Ahmed Bin Abdullah Balala AIMIM
58 Musheerabad Dr. K. Laxman BJP
59 Amberpet G. Kishan Reddy
60 Khairatabad Chintala Ramachandra Reddy
61 Jubilee Hills Maganti Gopinath TDP
62 Sanathnagar Talasani Srinivas Yadav
63 Nampally Jaffar Hussain AIMIM
64 Karwan Kausar Moinuddin
65 Goshamahal T. Raja Singh BJP
66 Charminar Syed Ahmed Pasha Quadri AIMIM
67 Chandrayangutta Akbaruddin Owaisi
68 Yakutpura Mumtaz Ahmed Khan
69 Bahadurpura Mohammed Moazam Khan
70 Secunderabad T. Padma Rao TRS
71 Secunderabad Cantt. G. Sayanna TDP
Mahbubnagar 72 Kodangal Anumula Revanth Reddy
73 Narayanpet S. Rajender Reddy
74 Mahbubnagar V. Srinivas Goud TRS
75 Jadcherla Charlakota Laxma Reddy
76 Devarkadra Alla Venkateswara Reddy
77 Makthal Chittam Rammohan Reddy INC
78 Wanaparthy Dr. G. Chinna Reddy
79 Gadwal D.K. Aruna
80 Alampur S.A. Sampath Kumar
81 Nagarkurnool Marri Janardhan Reddy TRS
82 Achampet Guvvala Balaraju
83 Kalwakurthy Dr. Vamshi Chand Reddy Challa INC
84 Shadnagar Anjaiah Yelganamoni TRS
85 Kollapur Jupally Krishna Rao
Nalgonda 86 Devarakonda Ravindra Kumar Ramavath CPI
87 Nagarjuna Sagar Kunduru Jana Reddy INC
88 Miryalaguda N Bhaskar Rao
89 Huzurnagar Uttam Kumar Reddy Nalamada
90 Kodad Padmavathy Reddy Nalamada
91 Suryapet Guntakandla Jagadish Reddy TRS
92 Nalgonda Komatireddy Venkat Reddy INC
93 Munugode Koosukuntla Prabhakar Reddy TRS
94 Bhongir Pailla Shekhar Reddy
95 Nakrekal (SC) Vemula Veeresham
96 Thungathurthi (SC) Gadari Kishore Kumar
97 Alair Gongidi Sunitha
Warangal 98 Jangaon Muthireddy Yadagiri Reddy
99 Ghanpur(Station) Thatikonda Rajaiah
100 Palakurthi Dayakara Rao Errabelli TDP
101 Dornakal D.S. Redya NaikINC
102 Mahabubabad(ST) Banoth Shankar Nayak TRS
103 Narsampet Donthi Madhava ReddyIND
104 Parkal Challa Dharma Reddy TDP
105 Warangal West Dasyam Vinay Bhashkar TRS
106 Warangal East Konda Surekha
107 Waradhanapet(SC) Aroori Ramesh
108 Bhupalpalle S. Madhusudhana Chary
109 Mulug(ST) Azmeera Chandulal
Khammam 110 Pinapaka(ST) Payam VenkateswarluYSRCP
111 Yellandu (ST) Koram Kanakaiah INC
112 Khammam Ajay Kumar Puvvada
113 Palair Ramireddy Venkat Reddy
114 Madhira (SC) Bhatti Vikramarka Mallu
115 Wyra (ST) Banoth MadanlalYSRCP
116 Sathupalle (SC) Sandra Venkata Veeraiah TDP
117 Kothagudem Venkat Rao Jalagam TRS
118 Aswaraopeta Thati VenkateswarluYSRCP
119 Bhadrachalam(ST) Sunnam RajaiahCPM

District Wise Summary

Andhra Pradesh Districts

S.No District Constituencie INC TDP YSRCP BJP Others
1 Srikakulam 10 0 7 3 0 0
2 Vizianagaram 9 0 6 3 0 0
3 Visakhapatnam 15 0 11 3 1 0
4 East Godavari 19 0 12 5 1 1
5 West Godavari 15 0 14 0 1 0
6 Krishna 16 0 10 5 1 0
7 Guntur 17 0 12 5 0 0
8 Prakasam 12 0 5 6 0 1
9 Nellore 10 0 3 7 0 0
10 Kadapa 10 0 1 9 0 0
11 Kurnool 14 0 3 11 0 0
12 Anantapur 14 0 12 2 0 0
13 Chittoor 14 0 6 8 0 0
Total 175 0 102 67 4 2

Telangana Districts

S.No District Constituencies INC TRS TDP BJP AIMIM Others
1 Adilabad 10 1 7 0 0 0 2
2 Nizamabad 9 09 0 0 0 0
3 Karimnagar 13 1 12 0 0 0 0
4 Medak 10 2 8 0 0 0 0
5 Ranga Reddy 14 2 4 7 1 0 0
6 Hyderabad 15 0 1 3 4 7 0
7 Mahbubnagar 14 5 7 2 0 0 0
8 Nalgonda 12 5 6 0 0 0 1
9 Warangal 12 1 8 2 0 0 1
10 Khammam 10 4 1 1 0 0 4
Total 119 21 63 15 5 7 8

Polling Day

Despite few clashes between supporters of rival parties in Seemandhra and Rayalaseema, the poll percentage was good on the polling day. The initial poll percentage appeared to be dull, but it soon picked up as time went on. Chief Electoral Officer Bhanwar Lal told the media that he was confident that the percentage could be around 85-90% by the concluding time.

District|Percentage

Opinion polls

Andhra Pradesh

Conducted in Month(s) Ref Polling Organisation/Agency Sample size
INC TDP YSR Congress
Apr 2014 [8] Deccan Chronicle-Aaraa 25,000 0-5 80-90 80-90

Telangana

Conducted in Month(s) Ref Polling Organisation/Agency Sample size
INC TRS+AIMIM TDP YSR Congress
Apr 2014 [8] Deccan Chronicle-Aaraa ? 43-45 58-64 12-14 3-6

See also

External links

References

  1. ↑ Special Correspondent. "Jagan to contest from Pulivendula". The Hindu.
  2. ↑ "Ponnala Lakshmaiah is Telangana Pradesh Congress Committee chief, Raghuveera APCC president". The Times of India.
  3. ↑ Staff Reporter. "KCR to contest from Gajwel". The Hindu.
  4. ↑ "ECI-ElectionSchedule".
  5. ↑ Special Correspondent. "Telangana witnesses high voter turnout". The Hindu.
  6. ↑ Special Correspondent. "High voter turnout in Seemandhra". The Hindu.
  7. ↑ "Nandigama MLA-elect Dies". The New Indian Express.
  8. 1 2 "Jaganmohan Reddy to lead in Andhra Pradesh, says survey". deccanchronicle. Retrieved 21 April 2014.
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