Transport in Cardiff

Transport in Cardiff, capital and most populous city in Wales involves road, rail, bus, water and air. Several factors have influenced the development of its transport network. It is a major city of the United Kingdom and a centre of employment, government, retail, business, culture, media, sport and higher education.

Welsh Government statistics for 2008/09 showed that Cardiff had the lowest percentage of the population who travelled to work by car, van or minibus, suggesting the highest public transport usage to work out of all 22 local authorities in Wales.^[1]

Between 2008 and 2009, car and taxi usage dropped from 59.7% to 52.3%, while walking was up by 1.4% to 18.3%. For bus usage, the figure had risen by 3% to 15.5% and cycling use increased from 1.6% to 7.4%. Train usage also rose from 3.8% to 4.7% over the same period.^[2]

Road

The M4 motorway connects Cardiff to towns and other cities in Britain. To the east: Newport, Bristol, Bath, Swindon, Reading and terminating at London. To the west: Bridgend, Swansea, Llanelli and terminating near Carmarthen. It is part of the unsigned European route E30. Cardiff can be accessed directly from junctions 29 – 34 inclusive:

Junctions

The A48(M) motorway connects Junction 29 to the city centre with exits for the Cardiff suburbs of St. Mellons (westbound only), where it becomes the A48, Pontprennau (M4 junction 30 via the A4232), Pentwyn, Rumney, Llanederyn and also for the University Hospital of Wales.

The Peripheral Distributor Road (A4232) Ely Link Road

The A4232 (also known as the Peripheral Distributor Road) connects M4 junction 33 with junction 30 by bypassing through the south of the city. From junction 33, exits are at Culverhouse Cross Interchange, Leckwith Interchange, Ferry Road Interchange (for Barry and Penarth) and Butetown, the road ends at Queen's Gate Roundabout, where the long-awaited Eastern Bay Link Road will eventually link with the Southern Way Link Road. It then goes onto the M4 at junction 30 via the A48 (Eastern Avenue) and the Pentwyn Link Road (A4232).

The A470 road is the main North – South Wales route running from Cardiff Bay to Llandudno via exits for the suburbs of Tongwynlais and Taff's Well. The A470 is a major road within the city that provides an important link with the Heads of the Valleys road, Mid and North Wales.

As with many other cities car traffic has caused congestion problems and as such the council has designated bus lanes to improve transport into and out of the city centre. The Welsh Assembly Government is considering the introduction of variable congestion charging in the city centre, but only once there has been significant investment in the city's public transport network.^[3]

There are several road and rail bridges that cross the River Taff in Cardiff. These include the Clarence Road Bridge, a comparatively modern bridge which replaced a swing bridge. The original bridge was named after the Duke of Clarence.

Much of Cardiff's central shopping zone is pedestrianised, and further pedestrianisation is planned as part of the current St David's 2 regeneration scheme.

Rail

Railway lines in Cardiff
Legend
To Rhymney To Coryton Heath Low Level/High Level(Interchange) To Pontypridd Llandaf Cathays Danescourt Fairwater Waun-Gron Park To Bridgend Cardiff Queen Street(Interchange) To Newport and England Ninian Park Cardiff Central(Interchange) Cardiff Riverside Canal Parade goods depot Bute West docks Bute East docks (Atlantic Wharf) East Moors depot Cardiff Bay Grangetown Roath docks Cardiff Bay quayside Queen Alexandra docks Penarth Flats docks Penarth Moors docks To Barry and Rhoose Cardiff Airport To Penarth

The largest stations in Cardiff (and Wales) are Cardiff Central and Cardiff Queen Street which over 10 million people use each year.^[4] They are both operated by Arriva Trains Wales and controlled by ticket barriers.

National

Cardiff Central is the 10th busiest station in the United Kingdom outside London with 7 platforms.^[4] Cardiff Central is situated on the South Wales Mainline providing national services while Cardiff Queen Street station is the hub of the Valley Lines suburban rail network (See Below).

Central Station provides regular shuttle services to London Paddington via Bristol Parkway, with other links to Swansea and West Wales on the South Wales Main Line while other national services connect Cardiff with Bristol Temple Meads, Birmingham, Nottingham, Manchester, Sheffield, York, Newcastle upon Tyne, Southampton and Portsmouth.

Recently there have also been improvements to the north-south Wales rail network and there are now services every 2 hours that connect Wrexham, Llandudno and Holyhead in North Wales to Cardiff in the South.

It is conveniently located right next to Central Bus Station on Wood Street, less than 5 minutes walk from the St. Mary's Street and Queen Street, two main shopping streets in Cardiff city centre.

Suburban rail

Arriva Trains Wales in Cardiff Central

Cardiff has an urban rail metro network operated by Arriva Trains Wales known as Valley Lines. With Cardiff Central and Queen Street as the hubs, it connects Cardiff's northern, southern and western suburbs to the city centre. There are eight lines that connect Central and Queen Street stations to 20 smaller stations in the city, 26 in the wider urban area (including Taffs Well, Penarth and Dinas Powys) and more than 60 in the South Wales valleys and the Vale of Glamorgan.^[5] The council is investigating converting the Cardiff City Line, Coryton Line and Butetown Branch Line into light rail lines and extending them in the near future.^[6]

Bus

Cardiff has a comprehensive bus network, with council-owned Cardiff Bus providing the vast majority of routes in the city and as well as Newport, Penarth, Barry, Cardiff International Airport and Llantwit Major. Stagecoach in South Wales, Edwards Coaches and EST Buses also provide services in the city.

National

Stand B at Central Station is used for services to destinations outside Cardiff and the Vale such as TrawsCambria X40 to Aberystwyth, Shuttle 100 to Swansea, Stagecoach services to the Valleys and all National Express Services (e.g. Birmingham, London, Leeds).

The Megabus service to London, and to Newcastle via Birmingham, Manchester and Leeds stops outside Cardiff Castle on Castle Street.

Local

Cardiff Bus uses stands B, C, D, E, F and W at Central Station and Wood Street. Other bus stops in the city are located in Westgate Street, St. Mary Street, Castle Street, Kingsway, Greyfriars Road, Dumfries Place and Queen Street Station. Cardiff Bus operates a comprehensive Overground network.^[7]

Cardiff Bus has introduced "bendy buses" on the popular 17 and 18 Capital City Red routes to Canton, Ely and Caerau and on the Baycar route. Other notable routes include the Capital City Green, four Park and Ride services and the now-withdrawn Free b shuttle bus. The company's hub is Cardiff central bus station.

Park and ride

There are four Park and Ride services in the city:

• Cardiff West Park and Ride is based at the Cardiff City Stadium at Leckwith.
• Cardiff South Park and Ride operates from County Hall in Cardiff Bay.
• Cardiff North Park and Ride operates at Crown Way, off North Road between Gabalfa and Cathays.
• Cardiff East, which is the newest Park and Ride after opening in late 2009, runs to Queen Street station from Pentwyn.

The new park and ride is part of Cardiff council's Sustainable Travel City initiative, which is partly funded by the Welsh Assembly Government. There are plans to extend the number of space from 340 to 1,100 due to its sudden increase in usage.^[8]

Cycling

A directional sign for cyclists in Llanishen

Cycling in Cardiff is facilitated by its easy gradients and large parks.^[9] In 2005, 4.3% of people commuted to work by cycling, compared to 2% in London and 5% in Berlin. However, cyclists in the city appear to be influenced by deterrents to cycling and as a result will need a greater level of improved facilities to increase cycling numbers, according to research by Cardiff University.^[10]

There are 3 major off-road cycle routes in Cardiff, each following a major river in the city. The Taff Trail follows the River Taff south to north from Cardiff Bay, through the City Centre, Maindy, Llandaff, Radyr and Tongwynlais towards Brecon. The Ely Trail follows the River Ely west to east from St Fagans through Fairwater, Leckwith and Grangetown to Cardiff Bay. This route is connected to Penarth via Pont y Werin cyclist bridge. The Rhymney Trail follows the River Rhymney east to west in Pentwyn and Llanrumney.

Water

Aquabus

The Aquabus runs every hour between the city centre (Taff Mead Embankment) and Cardiff Bay (Mermaid Quay), and between Cardiff Bay and Penarth (Cardiff Bay barrage). Throughout the year Cardiff Waterbus sail between the Pierhead on Cardiff's Waterfront and the Penarth end of the Cardiff Bay Barrage with short sightseeing cruises. Between March and October boats also depart from Cardiff Bay to take visitors to Flat Holm Island. The Paddle Steamer Waverley and MV Balmoral sail from Britannia Quay (in Roath Basin) to various destinations in the Bristol Channel.

Air

Cardiff Airport

Cardiff, as well as South and West Wales, is served by Cardiff Airport (CWL). Scheduled, charter, and low-cost flights are operated on a regular basis to Anglesey, other UK destinations, Europe, Africa and North America all year round.

Cardiff Heliport

It is located at Rhoose, south west of the city and has a dedicated railway station at Rhoose Cardiff International Airport railway station and is linked by bus to Cardiff central bus station.

The Cardiff Heliport was the main operating base of police support services, and could also handle passenger traffic. It closed on 30 November 2014.

Plans

There are a number of plans in Cardiff to help facilitate traffic into the city centre and reduce chronic congestion that has plagued the city in recent years. The main city centre thoroughfare, St. Mary's Street, was closed to private vehicles in 2007.

Road

Construction began on 17 March 2016 on the 5.25 km (3.26 mi) Eastern Bay Link Road (A4232) which will run from the Queen's Gate Roundabout to the Rover Way – Lamby Way Roundabout on the Southern Way Link Road, although at present only the first phase between Queen's Gate Roundabout and Ocean Way Interchange. This will complete the outer ring road and will help to reduce congestion in the city centre.^[11]

Rail and light rail

There are plans to open more railway stations on existing lines to encourage more people to leave their cars at home and help reduce city centre congestion. Services on the Merthyr Line doubled to two per hour and a new rail service began on 6 February 2008 on the Ebbw Valley Railway.^[12][13] Further improved frequencies with Pontypridd and Caerphilly to 7 per hour and 5 per hour respectively are expected.

Also of note is the long-held plan to introduce a light rail line connecting Cardiff Bay. However it is likely to have been shelved due to rising costs. Work on the new transport interchange to replace the Cardiff central bus station began in January 2008.

A new out of town parkway-style station with 3,500 parking spaces has been proposed.

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Transport in Cardiff.

City of Cardiff
About Cardiff	Architecture Arcades Listed buildings Tallest buildings City centre Culture and recreation Economy and industry History (Timeline) Leisure centres Libraries Media People Places Politics Public art Schools Sport Transport Bus Rail Cycle Water Air
Cardiff templates	Culture Economy Education Landmarks and Visitor Attractions Media Politics Sport Transport
Neighbourhoods	Adamsdown Birchgrove Butetown Caerau Canton Cardiff Bay Cardiff Gate Cathays Creigiau Cyncoed Danescourt Ely Fairwater Gabalfa Grangetown Heath Lisvane Llandaff Llandaff North Llanishen Llanrumney Pentwyn Pentyrch Penylan Plasnewydd Pontcanna Pontprennau Radyr and Morganstown Rhiwbina Riverside Roath Rumney Splott St Fagans St Mellons Thornhill Tongwynlais Tremorfa Trowbridge Whitchurch
Principal areas of Wales

Transport in Cardiff
Road	M4 motorway European route E30 A48(M) motorway A48 road A470 road A469 road A4054 road A4119 road A4160 road A4161 road A4232 road
Bus	Bus transport in Cardiff Cardiff Central bus station Cardiff Bus Iff card Stagecoach South Wales NAT Group Free b city shuttle Baycar Capital City Red Capital City Green
Cycle	Cycling in Cardiff Taff Trail Lôn Las Cymru Ely Valley Trail NCR 88 Pont y Werin
Railway lines and operators	Rail transport in Cardiff South Wales Main Line Valley Lines ■ Butetown Branch ■ City Line ■ Coryton Line ■ Maesteg Line ■ Merthyr Line ■ Rhondda Line ■ Rhymney Line ■ Vale of Glamorgan Line Arriva Trains Wales CrossCountry Great Western Railway
Major railway stations	Cardiff Central Cardiff Queen Street
Other city railway stations	Birchgrove Cardiff Bay Cathays Coryton Danescourt Fairwater Grangetown Heath High Level Heath Low Level Lisvane and Thornhill Llandaf Llanishen Ninian Park Radyr Rhiwbina Ty Glas Waun-Gron Park Whitchurch List of railway stations in Cardiff
Air	Cardiff Airport Cardiff Heliport
Water	Cardiff Waterbus Tiger Bay River Taff River Ely Cardiff Barrage