CAD (protein)

CAD

Available structures

Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB

List of PDB id codes
4BY3, 4C6B, 4C6C, 4C6D, 4C6E, 4C6F, 4C6I, 4C6J, 4C6K, 4C6L, 4C6M, 4C6N, 4C6O, 4C6P, 4C6Q, 5G1P, 5G1O, 5G1N

Identifiers

Aliases

CAD, CDG1Z, carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase

External IDs

MGI: 1916969 HomoloGene: 1412 GeneCards: CAD

Gene ontology
Molecular function	• transferase activity • protein kinase activity • nucleotide binding • carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (glutamine-hydrolyzing) activity • amino acid binding • aspartate binding • zinc ion binding • hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amides • metal ion binding • dihydroorotase activity • carbamoyl-phosphate synthase (ammonia) activity • ligase activity • catalytic activity • hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds • carboxyl- or carbamoyltransferase activity • identical protein binding • enzyme binding • hydrolase activity • ATP binding • aspartate carbamoyltransferase activity
Cellular component	• cytoplasm • cell projection • membrane • nuclear matrix • nucleoplasm • protein complex • terminal bouton • neuronal cell body • extracellular exosome • nucleus • cytosol
Biological process	• UTP biosynthetic process • arginine biosynthetic process • response to testosterone • urea cycle • female pregnancy • cellular amino acid metabolic process • pyrimidine nucleoside biosynthetic process • cellular response to epidermal growth factor stimulus • heart development • cellular response to drug • glutamine metabolic process • nitrogen compound metabolic process • 'de novo' pyrimidine nucleobase biosynthetic process • animal organ regeneration • pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process • response to cortisol • response to amine • drug metabolic process • protein autophosphorylation • liver development • response to caffeine • metabolic process • lactation • peptidyl-threonine phosphorylation • 'de novo' UMP biosynthetic process • response to starvation • response to insulin • citrulline biosynthetic process
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


790


69719

Ensembl


ENSG00000084774


ENSMUSG00000013629

UniProt


P27708


B2RQC6

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_001306079 NM_004341


NM_001289522 NM_001289523 NM_023525

RefSeq (protein)


NP_001293008.1 NP_004332.2


NP_001276451.1 NP_076014.1

Location (UCSC)

Chr 2: 27.22 – 27.24 Mb

Chr 5: 31.05 – 31.08 Mb

PubMed search

^[1]

^[2]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase
Identifiers
Symbol	CAD
Entrez	790
HUGO	1424
OMIM	114010
RefSeq	NM_004341
UniProt	P27708
Other data
EC number	2.1.3.2
Locus	Chr. 2 p21

CAD protein (carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 2, aspartate transcarbamylase, and dihydroorotase) is a trifunctional multi-domain enzyme involved in the first three steps of pyrimidine biosynthesis. De-novo synthesis starts with cytosolic carbamoylphosphate synthetase II which uses glutamine, carbon dioxide and ATP. This enzyme is inhibited by uridine triphosphate (feedback inhibition).

In 2015, the first observed pathological mutations of CAD were found in a four-year-old boy.^[3]

References

↑ "Human PubMed Reference:".
↑ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
↑ Ng, B. G.; Wolfe, L. A.; Ichikawa, M.; Markello, T.; He, M.; Tifft, C. J.; Gahl, W. A.; Freeze, H. H. (12 February 2015). "Biallelic mutations in CAD, impair de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and decrease glycosylation precursors". Human Molecular Genetics. 24 (11): 3050–3057. doi:10.1093/hmg/ddv057.

External links

CAD trifunctional enzyme at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

Enzymes: multienzyme complexes

Photosynthesis	Photosynthetic reaction center complex proteins Photosystem I II

Dehydrogenase	Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex E1 E2 E3 Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase OGDH DLST DLD Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex BCKDHA BCKDHB DBT DLD

Other	CAD Carbamoyl phosphate synthase II Aspartate carbamoyltransferase Dihydroorotase Cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme Cytochrome b6f complex Electron transport chain Fatty acid synthetase complex Glycine decarboxylase complex Mitochondrial trifunctional protein HADHA HADHB Phosphoenolpyruvate sugar phosphotransferase system Polyketide synthase Sucrase-isomaltase complex Tryptophan synthase

Hydrolases: carbon-nitrogen non-peptide (EC 3.5)

3.5.1: Linear amides / Amidohydrolases	Asparaginase Glutaminase Urease Biotinidase Aspartoacylase Ceramidase Aspartylglucosaminidase Fatty acid amide hydrolase Histone deacetylase Sirtuin

3.5.2: Cyclic amides/ Amidohydrolases	Barbiturase Beta-lactamase

3.5.3: Linear amidines/ Ureohydrolases	Arginase Agmatinase Protein-arginine deiminase

3.5.4: Cyclic amidines/ Aminohydrolases	Guanine deaminase Adenosine deaminase AMP deaminase Inosine monophosphate synthase DCMP deaminase GTP cyclohydrolase I Cytidine deaminase AICDA Activation-induced cytidine deaminase

3.5.5: Nitriles/ Aminohydrolases	Nitrilase

3.5.99: Other	Riboflavinase Thiaminase II

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list)

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