William C. Canby Jr.

William Canby
Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
In office
May 23, 1980 – May 23, 1996
Appointed by Jimmy Carter
Preceded by Ozell Trask
Succeeded by Barry Silverman
Personal details
Born (1931-05-22) May 22, 1931
Saint Paul, Minnesota, U.S.
Alma mater Yale University
University of Minnesota, Twin Cities

William Cameron Canby Jr. (born May 22, 1931) is a Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit sitting in Phoenix, Arizona. He was born on May 22, 1931, in St. Paul, Minnesota. Canby earned his undergraduate degree from Yale University in 1953 on an ROTC scholarship, graduating summa cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa. He then earned an LL.B. from the University of Minnesota Law School in 1956, graduating Order of the Coif before clerking for Associate Justice Charles Evans Whittaker on the United States Supreme Court. As both a professor at Arizona State University College of Law and a Judge on the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit, Canby has become known as an expert in American Indian Law. He has authored law review articles, a major textbook, and the West Nutshell Series primer on the subject. While still a professor at ASU, Canby successfully argued the case of Bates v. State Bar of Arizona, in which the Supreme Court held that the First Amendment allows lawyers to advertise in a manner that is not misleading to members of the general public.

Canby earned his B.A. from Yale University in 1953 and his law degree from the University of Minnesota in 1956. He clerked for Associate Justice Charles E. Whittaker of the U.S. Supreme Court from 1958 to 1959.

Professional career

Canby was a Lieutenant in the JAG Corps of the U.S. Air Force from 1956 to 1958. He was in private practice in St. Paul from 1959 to 1962 before joining the Peace Corps. He was an Associate Director of the Peace Corps for Ethiopia from 1962 to 1963 and then Deputy Director for Ethiopia from 1963 to 1964. He was then Director for Uganda from 1964 to 1966. He was a special assistant to U.S. Senator Walter Mondale in 1966 before leaving government service.

He was a special assistant to President Harris Wofford of the State University of New York at Old Westbury in 1967 and then a professor of law at Arizona State University from 1967 to 1980 and during that time was Director of the Office of Indian Law at the Arizona State University College of Law. From 1970 to 1971 he was a visiting Fulbright professor of law at Makerere University in Kempala, Uganda.

Federal judicial service

Canby was nominated by President Jimmy Carter on April 2, 1980, to a seat vacated by Ozell Miller Trask. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on May 21, 1980, and received his commission on May 23, 1980. Canby assumed senior status on May 23, 1996.

Notable rulings

In 1995, Canby held that the Tenth Amendment was not violated by provisions of the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act that required local and state law enforcement officials to conduct background checks of handgun buyers. The Supreme Court reversed in Printz v. United States.

In 2001, Canby wrote a unanimous panel decision holding that the Americans with Disabilities Act required the Professional Golfers Association to allow disabled golfer Casey Martin to use a golf cart when competing. The opinion was affirmed by the Supreme Court in PGA Tour, Inc. v. Martin.

Career timeline

Federal judicial service

Professional career

See also

Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Legal offices
Preceded by
Ozell Trask		 Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
1980–1996 		Succeeded by
Barry Silverman
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