69th United States Congress
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The Sixty-ninth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from March 4, 1925 to March 4, 1927, during the third and fourth years of Calvin Coolidge's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Thirteenth Decennial Census of the United States in 1910. Both chambers had a Republican majority.
Major events
A special session of the Senate was called by President Coolidge on February 14, 1925.
- Impeachment of Judge George W. English — On April 1, 1926, the House of Representatives impeached Judge George W. English of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Illinois. Both Houses adjourned on July 3, 1926, with the Senate scheduled to reconvene on November 10, 1926 as a Court of Impeachment. English resigned before the impeachment trial began. The Senate met as planned on November 10, 1926 to adjourn the court of impeachment sine die. On December 13, 1926 the Senate, acting on advice from the House managers of the impeachment, formally dismissed all charges against Judge English.
- January 17, 1927: U.S. Supreme Court held (McGrain v. Daugherty) that Congress has the power to compel witness and testimony.
Major legislation
Representative Edith Nourse Rogers of Massachusetts presiding over the House Chamber in 1926
- February 26, 1926: Revenue Act of 1926
- April 12, 1926: Timber Exportation Act of 1926
- May 8, 1926: Federal Interpleader Act of 1926
- May 20, 1926: Air Commerce Act
- May 20, 1926: Federal Black Bass Act of 1926
- May 20, 1926: Railway Labor Act (Parker-Watson Act)
- May 25, 1926: Omnibus Adjustment Act of 1926
- May 25, 1926: Public Buildings Act of 1926 (Elliot-Fernald Act)
- May 26, 1926: Shenandoah National Park Act of 1926
- June 3, 1926: Subsistence Expense Act of 1926
- June 14, 1926: Recreation and Public Purposes Act
- June 15, 1926: Limitation of National Forest Designation Act
- July 2, 1926: Cooperative Marketing Act
- July 3, 1926: Walsh Act
- July 3, 1926: Passport Act of 1926
- January 21, 1927: River and Harbors Act of 1927
- February 23, 1927: Radio Act of 1927 (Dill-White Act)
- February 25, 1927: McFadden Act (Pepper-McFadden Act)
- March 3, 1927: Foreign and Domestic Commerce Act of 1927
- March 3, 1927: Produce Agency Act of 1927
- March 4, 1927: Mayfield-Newton Act
Party summary
Senate composition, by party
The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress, and includes members from vacancies and newly admitted states, when they were first seated. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.
Senate
| Party (shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) |
Farmer–Labor (FL) | Republican (R) | |||
| End of the previous congress | 42 | 2 | 52 | 96 | 0 |
| Begin | 40 | 1 | 55 | 96 | 0 |
| End | 42 | 53 | |||
| Final voting share | 43.8% | 1.0% | 55.2% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 47 | 1 | 48 | 96 | 0 |
House of Representatives
- American Labor (AL): 1
- Democratic (D): 183
- Farmer-Labor (FL): 3
- Republican (R): 247 (majority)
- Socialist (S): 1
TOTAL members: 435
Leadership
Senate
Senate Leadership
Senate President
Charles G. Dawes (R)
Charles G. Dawes (R)
Senate President pro tempore
Albert B. Cummins (R), until March 6, 1925
Albert B. Cummins (R), until March 6, 1925
Senate President pro tempore
George H. Moses (R), from March 6, 1925
George H. Moses (R), from March 6, 1925
- President: Charles G. Dawes (R)
- President pro tempore: Albert B. Cummins (R), elected March 4, 1925
- George H. Moses (R), elected March 6, 1925
Majority (Republican) leadership
Minority (Democratic) leadership
House of Representatives
Nicholas Longworth (R)
Majority (Republican) leadership
Minority (Democratic) leadership
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators were elected every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election. In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1928; Class 2 meant their term began with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1930; and Class 3 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1926.
House of Representatives
Changes in membership
The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.
Senate
- replacements: 9
- Democratic: no net change
- Republican: no net change
- deaths: 7
- resignations: 0
- contested election: 1
- interim appointments: 2
- Total seats with changes: 10
| State | Senator | Reason for Vacancy | Successor | Date of Successor's Installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Missouri (3) |
Selden P. Spencer (R) | Died May 16, 1925. Successor was appointed. | George H. Williams (R) | May 25, 1925 |
| Wisconsin (1) |
Robert M. La Follette Sr. (R) | Died June 18, 1925. Successor was elected. | Robert M. La Follette Jr. (R) | September 30, 1925 |
| North Dakota (2) |
Edwin F. Ladd (R) | Died June 22, 1925. Successor was appointed and subsequently elected | Gerald Nye (R) | November 14, 1925 |
| Indiana (1) |
Samuel M. Ralston (D) | Died October 14, 1925. Successor was appointed and subsequently elected. | Arthur R. Robinson (R) | April 12, 1926 |
| Iowa (2) |
Smith W. Brookhart (R) | Lost election challenge April 12, 1926 | Daniel F. Steck (D) | April 12, 1926 |
| Iowa (3) |
Albert B. Cummins (R) | Died July 30, 1926. Successor was appointed and subsequently elected. |
David W. Stewart (R) | August 7, 1926 |
| Maine (2) |
Bert M. Fernald (R) | Died August 23, 1926. Successor was elected. | Arthur R. Gould (R) | November 30, 1926 |
| Massachusetts (1) |
William M. Butler (R) | Appointed in previous Congress and served until successor was elected. | David I. Walsh (D) | December 6, 1926 |
| Missouri (3) |
George H. Williams (R) | Successor was elected. | Harry B. Hawes (D) | December 6, 1926 |
| Illinois (3) |
William B. McKinley (R) | Died December 7, 1926. Frank L. Smith was appointed by the governor some date in December 1926[2] but the US Senate voted to not allow him to qualify as a senator, based upon fraud and corruption in his campaign. | Vacant | |
House of Representatives
- replacements: 9
- Democratic: 1 seat net loss
- Republican: 1 seat net gain
- deaths: 9
- resignations: 2
- Total seats with changes: 12
| District | Vacator | Reason for Vacancy | Successor | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New Jersey 3rd | Vacant | Rep. T. Frank Appleby died during previous congress | Stewart H. Appleby (R) | November 3, 1925 |
| Massachusetts 5th | John J. Rogers (R) | Died March 28, 1925 | Edith Nourse Rogers (R) | June 30, 1925 |
| Michigan 3rd | Arthur B. Williams (R) | Died May 1, 1925 | Joseph L. Hooper (R) | August 18, 1925 |
| Massachusetts 2nd | George B. Churchill (R) | Died July 1, 1925 | Henry L. Bowles (R) | September 29, 1925 |
| Kentucky 3rd | Robert Y. Thomas, Jr. (D) | Died September 3, 1925 | John W. Moore (D) | December 26, 1925 |
| California 2nd | John E. Raker (D) | Died January 22, 1926 | Harry L. Englebright (R) | August 31, 1926 |
| Massachusetts 8th | Harry I. Thayer (R) | Died March 10, 1926 | Frederick W. Dallinger (R) | November 2, 1926 |
| California 5th | Lawrence J. Flaherty (R) | Died June 13, 1926 | Richard J. Welch (R) | August 31, 1926 |
| Illinois 12th | Charles E. Fuller (R) | Died June 25, 1926 | Seat remained vacant until next Congress | |
| Kentucky 10th | John W. Langley (R) | Resigned January 11, 1926 after being convicted of illegally selling alcohol | Andrew J. Kirk (R) | February 13, 1926 |
| Missouri 11th | Harry B. Hawes (D) | Resigned October 15, 1926 | John J. Cochran (D) | November 2, 1926 |
| Ohio 2nd | Ambrose E. B. Stephens (R) | Died February 12, 1927 | Seat remained vacant until next Congress | |
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
Senate
- Agriculture and Forestry
- Alien Property Custodian's Office (Select)
- Appropriations
- Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate
- Banking and Currency
- Civil Service
- Claims
- Commerce
- District of Columbia
- Education and Labor
- Enrolled Bills
- Expenditures in Executive Departments
- Finance
- Foreign Relations
- Immigration
- Immigration and Naturalization
- Indian Affairs
- Internal Revenue Bureau (Select)
- Interoceanic Canals
- Interstate Commerce
- Judiciary
- Library
- Manufactures
- Military Affairs
- Mines and Mining
- Naval Affairs
- Patents
- Pensions
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Printing
- Privileges and Elections
- Public Buildings and Grounds
- Public Lands and Surveys
- Revision of the Laws
- Rules
- Senatorial Elections (Select)
- Tariff Commission (Select)
- Territories and Insular Possessions
- War Finance Corporation Loans (Select)
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Accounts
- Agriculture
- Alcoholic Liquor Traffic
- Appropriations
- Banking and Currency
- Census
- Civil Service
- Claims
- Coinage, Weights and Measures
- Disposition of Executive Papers
- District of Columbia
- Education
- Election of the President, Vice President and Representatives in Congress
- Elections
- Enrolled Bills
- Expenditures in the Agriculture Department
- Expenditures in the Commerce Department
- Expenditures in the Interior Department
- Expenditures in the Justice Department
- Expenditures in the Labor Department
- Expenditures in the Navy Department
- Expenditures in the Post Office Department
- Expenditures in the State Department
- Expenditures in the Treasury Department
- Expenditures in the War Department
- Expenditures on Public Buildings
- Flood Control
- Foreign Affairs
- Immigration and Naturalization
- Indian Affairs
- Industrial Arts and Expositions
- Insular Affairs
- Interstate and Foreign Commerce
- Invalid Pensions
- Irrigation and Reclamation
- Labor
- Merchant Marine and Fisheries
- Mileage
- Military Affairs
- Mines and Mining
- Naval Affairs
- Patents
- Post Office and Post Roads
- Public Buildings and Grounds
- Public Lands
- Railways and Canals
- Revision of Laws
- Rivers and Harbors
- Roads
- Rules
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Territories
- War Claims
- Ways and Means
- Woman Suffrage
- Whole
Joint committees
- Civil Service Retirement Act
- Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
- Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers
- Investigation of Northern Pacific Railroad Land Grants
- Muscle Shoals
- Taxation
Employees
- Architect of the Capitol: David Lynn
- Comptroller General of the United States: John R. McCarl
- Librarian of Congress: Herbert Putnam
- Public Printer of the United States: George H. Carter
Senate
- Chaplain: John J. Muir (Baptist)
- Secretary: George A. Sanderson
- Edwin P. Thayer, from December 7, 1925
- Sergeant at Arms: David S. Barry
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: James S. Montgomery (Methodist)
- Clerk: William T. Page
- Clerk at the Speaker’s Table: Lehr Fess, resigned February 1, 1927
- Lewis Deschler, appointed February 1, 1927
- Doorkeeper: Bert W. Kennedy
- Postmaster: Frank W. Collier
- Sergeant at Arms: Joseph G. Rodgers
See also
- United States elections, 1924 (elections leading to this Congress)
- United States elections, 1926 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
References
- ↑ Frank L. Smith (R-IL) was elected to the Senate for the term starting March 4, 1927 and when McKinley died he was appointed to finish McKinley's term. The Senate refused to qualify him due to charges of corruption concerning his election. He would later resign. See http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=S000534.
- ↑ Exact date of Frank L. Smith's appointment to the Senate is unknown, but certainly between his predecessor's death on December 7, 1926 and the end of the term on March 4, 1927.[Data unknown/missing. You can help!]
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: House History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
- Official Congressional Directory for the 69th Congress, 1st Session.
- Official Congressional Directory for the 69th Congress, 1st Session (Revision).
- Official Congressional Directory for the 69th Congress, 2nd Session.
- Official Congressional Directory for the 69th Congress, 2nd Session (Revision).
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