USS Hugh L. Scott (AP-43)
 Hawkeye State in the 1920s, which became USS Hugh L. Scott in 1941 | |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United States | |
| Name: | |
| Namesake: |
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| Operator: |
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| Builder: | Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation[2] |
| Cost: | $6,664,521.20[3] |
| Yard number: | 4180 |
| Launched: | 17 April 1920[1] |
| Completed: | 1921[2] |
| Acquired: | for the US Army, 31 July 1941 |
| Commissioned: | into the US Navy, 7 September 1942 |
| Out of service: | 12 November 1942[1] |
| Struck: | 7 December 1942 |
| Identification: |
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| Fate: | torpedoed 12 November 1942[1] |
| General characteristics | |
| Type: | type:Design 1029 ship known commercially as "535" Type |
| Tonnage: | |
| Length: | |
| Beam: | 72.2 ft (22.0 m)[2] |
| Draft: | 30 ft 6 in (9.30 m) |
| Depth: | 27.8 ft (8.5 m)[2] |
| Propulsion: | 4 steam turbines, twin screws[2] |
| Speed: | 18 kn (21 mph; 33 km/h)[1] |
| Sensors and processing systems: |
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USS Hugh L. Scott (AP-43) was a Hugh L. Scott-class transport ship. She was built in 1921 and spent 20 years in merchant service as a passenger and cargo liner. She was acquired for the United States Navy shortly before the USA entered the Second World War, served as a troopship in Operation Torch in November 1942, and was sunk by a U-boat four days later. 59 crewmen and soldiers died during the sinking.
Construction
The vessel was designed to be a troopship,[1] ordered by the United States Shipping Board (USSB) from Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, Sparrows Point, Maryland, and laid down in 1920. Her intended name was to be Berrien, but when she was launched on 17 April 1921, it was as Hawkeye State, United States official number 220987.[1][4] The ship, hull number 4180 and the first of a series, was an Emergency Fleet Corporation (EFC) Design 1029 and one of eight contracted ships of the design for Bethlehem Shipbuilding of which five were built after cancellations.[4] The Design 1029 ships were first known, along with the slightly smaller Design 1095 or "502s" built only by New York Shipbuilding Corporation, as the "State" ships, as all were given state nicknames until all but four were renamed by May 1922 for United States presidents.[3][4] In later commercial service they were frequently known as the "535s" for their length overall.[4][5]
Hawkeye State was a turbine steamship, with four steam turbines driving twin propeller shafts by single reduction gearing giving a service speed of 17.5 knots (32.4 km/h).[1][2][6]
Civilian service
On 5 March 1921 Hawkeye State, the largest combined passenger and cargo vessel of the USSB ever to put into a Pacific port, arrived in San Francisco to begin Matson Line service.[5] Matson operated Hawkeye State between Baltimore and Honolulu via the Panama Canal and California.[1] In 1922, she passed to the Pacific Mail Steamship Company,[1] which was taken over by Robert Dollar in 1925. She was then transferred to Dollar Steamship Company, which renamed her President Pierce.[1] In 1938, Dollar was reorganised as American President Lines.[1]
Routes with Dollar Lines
Dollar Line put President Pierce on trans-Pacific services between San Francisco and the Far East until 1931, when she was switched to a round-the-world service.[1] Her first circumnavigation began at New York on 19 November 1931, going via the Panama Canal, California, Japan, China, Malaya, Ceylon, the Suez Canal, the Mediterranean and thence back to New York.[1] She completed a total of five such trips, beginning her final one from New York on 2 June 1933.[1]
SS President Hoover
Early on the morning of 11 December 1937, a much larger Dollar Lines ship, the ocean liner President Hoover, ran aground in a typhoon on Kasho-to, east of Formosa.[7] Hoover's 330 crew got their 503 passengers and themselves safely ashore without loss, but the 853 people now needed to be taken off the remote island.[7] The task was shared between President Pierce and American Mail Line's SS President McKinley.[7] McKinley, assisted by the Japanese cruiser Ashigara, collected about 630 people from Kasho-to on 14 December. Pierce collected the remaining 200 people on 15 December.[7]
War service
On 31 July 1941, President Pierce was delivered by American President Lines to the War Department at San Francisco for operation by the US Army, which renamed her USAT Hugh L. Scott after General Hugh L. Scott, who was Army Chief of Staff 1914–17 and interim Secretary of War February—March 1916.[8] The ship made one round trip to Honolulu before voyaging to Manila and redelivered to American President Lines for a special State Department mission to Hong Kong and Shanghai.[8] In late October she returned to San Francisco by way of Manila to make one more round trip to Manila returning to San Francisco 25 December 1941.[8] The ship made two trips to Australia in early 1942 and was then ordered to the US East Coast arriving at New York in July 1942.[8]
On 14 August 1942, she was transferred to the US Navy and converted into an attack transport by Tietjen and Long of Hoboken, New Jersey. On 7 September 1942, she was commissioned as USS Hugh L. Scott, under the command of Captain Harold J. Wright.
Hugh L. Scott took part in Operation Torch, the Allied invasion of French North Africa. As part of Transport Division 3 (TransDiv 3), she sailed on 24 October after intensive amphibious training. She approached the beaches at Fedhala, French Morocco, early on the morning of 8 November and – after bombardment by surface ships – landed her troops. She then cleared the immediate invasion area and did not return until 11 November, when she entered the refueling area and then anchored in the exposed Fedhala roadstead to unload her supplies.
Sunk by U-boat
The Naval Battle of Casablanca delayed the off-loading of Hugh L. Scott's cargo and her departure from the Moroccan coast. On the evening of 11 November, U-173 slipped inside the protective screen and torpedoed transport Joseph Hewes, tanker Winooski and destroyer Hambleton. Hugh L. Scott and the other transports were at battle stations all night and resumed unloading the next day. That afternoon, 12 November, another submarine, U-130, commanded by Ernst Kals, torpedoed Hugh L. Scott,[1] Edward Rutledge, and Tasker H. Bliss.
Hugh L. Scott, hit on the starboard side, burst into flames and foundered, but owing to the availability of landing craft for rescue, casualties were limited to eight officers and 51 men. U-173 was later sunk by destroyers, but U-130 escaped.
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Swiggum, S; Kohli, M (28 February 2010). "Ship Descriptions – P–Q". The Ships List. Retrieved 8 May 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Lloyd's Register, Steamships and Motor Ships (PDF). London: Lloyd's Register. 1934. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
- 1 2 Pacific American Steamship Association; Shipowners Association of the Pacific Coast (1922). "Cost of U.S.S.B. Vessels". Pacific Marine Review. San Francisco: J.S. Hines. 19 (July): 434. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 5 McKellar, Norman L. "Steel Shipbuilding under the U. S. Shipping Board, 1917-1921, Part V, Contract Steel Ships". Steel Shipbuilding under the U. S. Shipping Board, 1917-1921. ShipScribe. p. 140a. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
- 1 2 Nautical Gazette (1921). "First 535's to Reach Pacific Get Warm Welcome". The Nautical Gazette. New York: The Nautical Gazette, Inc. 100 (March 12, 1921): 339. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
- ↑ Marine Engineering (1920). "New American Passenger Steamers". Marine Engineering. New York: Aldrich Publishing Company. 25 (April): 260–264. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 Tully, Anthony; Hackett, Bob; Kingsepp, Sander (2012). "Stranding of S.S. PRESIDENT HOOVER - December 1937". Rising Storm – The Imperial Japanese Navy and China 1931–1941. Imperial Japanese Navy Page. Retrieved 7 May 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 Charles, Roland W. (1947). Troopships of World War II (PDF). Washington: The Army Transportation Association. p. 35. LCCN 47004779. Retrieved 5 August 2015.
- This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The entry can be found here.
External links
- Priolo, Gary P. "USS Hugh L. Scott (AP-43)". Service Ship Photo Archive. Paul R. Yarnall & NavSource Naval History.
Coordinates: 33°40′N 7°35′W / 33.667°N 7.583°W
