Timeline of Medina
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Medina, Saudi Arabia.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
Prior to 20th century
See also: Muhammad in Medina
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- 6th century BCE - Yathrib settled "by three Jewish tribes, the Banu Quynuqa, the Banu Qurayza, and the Banu Nadir."[1]
- 622 CE / 0-1 H
- Muhammad arrives from Mecca, with followers (muhajirun).[2][3]
- Quba Mosque and Al-Masjid al-Nabawi (Mosque of the Prophet) built.[1]
- Yathrib renamed "Medina."[4]
- Baqi Cemetery established.
- 623 CE - Masjid al-Qiblatain (Mosque of the two Qiblas) built.
- 624 CE - Prophet's House built.[1]
- 627
- March–April: Battle of the Trench.[5]
- Constitution of Medina created (approximate date).[6]
- 630 - Medina and Mecca "established as the holy cities of Islam."[3]
- 632 CE / 11 H
- 8 June: Death of Muhammad.
- Abu Bakr appointed caliph; Rashidun Caliphate established.[3]
- 634 - Umar becomes caliph.
- 639 - Hijri year calendar devised.
- 644 - Uthman ibn Affan becomes caliph.
- 656 - Ali becomes caliph and moves capital from Medina to Kufa.[6][7]
- 661 - Umayyad Caliphate established; capital moved from Medina to Damascus.[1]
- 662 - Marwan ibn al-Hakam becomes Governor of Madina.
- 683 - Medina sacked by Umayyads.[8]
- 8th century - Sharia (Islamic law) codified in Medina.[3]
- 706 - Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz becomes Governor of Madina.
- 707 - Al-Masjid al-Nabawi rebuilt.[9]
- 975 - City wall built.[6]
- 1162 - City wall expanded.[6]
- 1513 - Al-Hajjaria waqf (trust) incorporated.
- 1517 - Ottoman Turks in power.[5][10]
- 1804 - Wahhabis in power.[8][11]
- 1812 - November: Battle of Medina (1812); Turks in power.[11]
- 1837 - Al-Masjid al-Nabawi dome painted green.
- 1872 - Medina becomes part of the Ottoman Hejaz Vilayet.
- 1896 - Telephone line installed.[12]
20th century
- 1908 - Hejaz Railway (Damascus-Medina) begins operating.[3]
- 1916 - Siege of Medina begins.
- 1919 - January: Siege of Medina ends; Arabs in power.[13]
- 1925 - Medina becomes part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.[11]
- 1937 - Italian-Muslim hospital founded.[14]
- 1953 - Baqi Cemetery expanded.[14]
- 1955 - Al-Masjid al-Nabawi enlarged.[14]
- 1961 - Islamic University of Madinah established.[12][15]
- 1974 - Mohammad Airport opens.
- 1985 - King Fahd Complex for the Printing of the Holy Quran begins operating.
- 1986 - Quba Mosque rebuilt.[1]
21st century
- 2001 - 15 March: Chechen hijacking of Russian aircraft.[3]
- 2003 - Taibah University established.
- 2006 - Hejaz Railway Museum opens.
- 2010 - Population: 1,180,770.
- 2014
- 8 February: 2014 Medina hotel fire.
- Air pollution in Medina reaches annual mean of 65 PM2.5 and 153 PM10, much higher than recommended.[16]
- 2016 - 4 July: bombing at Prophet's Mosque.[17]
See also
- Other cities in Saudi Arabia
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 ArchNet. "Medina". Archived from the original on 17 October 2013.
- ↑ Cyril Glassé, ed. (2003). New Encyclopedia of Islam. AltaMira Press. ISBN 978-0-7591-0190-6.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 David Lea, ed. (2001). A Political Chronology of the Middle East. Europa. ISBN 978-1-85743-115-5.
- ↑ Ziauddin Sardar (2014). Mecca: The Sacred City. Bloomsbury. ISBN 978-1-62040-266-5.
- 1 2 John L. Esposito (2003). "Chronology of Key Events". Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-975726-8.
- 1 2 3 4 John Block Friedman; Kristen Mossler Figg (2000). "Medina". Trade, Travel, and Exploration in the Middle Ages: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-59094-9.
- ↑ Richard C. Martín (2004). "Holy Cities: Medina". Encyclopedia of Islam & the Muslim World. Granite Hill Publishers. ISBN 978-0-02-865603-8.
- 1 2 Leon E. Seltzer, ed. (1952), Columbia Lippincott Gazetteer of the World, New York: Columbia University Press, p. 1176, OL 6112221M
- ↑ "Arabian Peninsula, 500–1000 A.D.: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved October 2014. Check date values in:
|access-date=(help) - ↑ Andrew Rippin, ed. (2013). Islamic World. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-136-80343-7.
- 1 2 3 Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Medina". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. pp. 487+. ISBN 1884964036.
- 1 2 Richard Bayley Winder (1984). "Al-Madina". Encyclopedia of Islam. Leiden: Brill. pp. 997–1007.
- ↑ Elie Kedourie (1977). "Surrender of Medina, January 1919". Middle Eastern Studies. 13. JSTOR 4282625.
- 1 2 3 C. Edmund Bosworth, ed. (2007). "Medina". Historic Cities of the Islamic World. Leiden: Koninklijke Brill. pp. 380–395.
- ↑ Jörg Matthias Determann (2013). Historiography in Saudi Arabia: Globalization and the State in the Middle East. I.B.Tauris. ISBN 978-0-85772-302-4.
- ↑ World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva
- ↑ "Medina explosion: Suicide bombing near Saudi holy site", BBC News, 4 July 2016
Further reading
- Published in the 19th century
- Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Medina", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
- Josiah Conder (1830), "Medinah", Arabia, The Modern Traveller, 4, London: J.Duncan
- Richard Burton (1857), "El Medinah", Personal Narrative of a Pilgrimage to el Medinah and Meccah (2nd ed.), London: Longman, Brown, Green, Longmans, and Roberts, OCLC 5778233
- "Medina". American Cyclopedia. D. Appleton & Company. 1879.
- Published in the 20th century
- "Medina", Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York, 1910, OCLC 14782424
- Philip Khuri Hitti (1973). "Medina". Capital Cities of Arab Islam. University of Minnesota Press. p. 33+. ISBN 978-0-8166-0663-4.
- Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (1987). The Foundation of the Community: Muhammad At Al-Madina A.D. 622-626/Hijrah-4 A.H. History of al-Tabari. 7. M. V. McDonald, translator; W. Montgomery Watt, annotator. State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-88706-344-6. (written in 9th/10th century)
- Andrew Petersen (1996). "Medina". Dictionary of Islamic Architecture. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-61365-6.
- Werner Ende (1997). "The Nakhāwila, a Shite Community in Medina Past and Present". Die Welt des Islams. 37. JSTOR 1570656.
- Published in the 21st century
- Stefano Bianca (2000), "Case Study 1: The Holy Cities of Islam - The Impact of Mass Transportation and Rapid Urban Change", Urban Form in the Arab World, Zurich: ETH Zurich, ISBN 3728119725, 0500282056
- Josef W. Meri, ed. (2006). "Medina". Medieval Islamic Civilization. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96691-7.
- Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Madinah", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO, p. 237+
- Harry Munt (2014). The Holy City of Medina: Sacred Space in Early Islamic Arabia. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-99272-5.
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