Stephen Bachiler

Stephen Bachiler (circa 1561—buried October 31, 1656) was an English clergyman who was an early proponent of the separation of church and state in America.

Early life

Bachiler was born circa 1561.[1] An early graduate of Oxford (St. John's College, 1586),[2] he was vicar of Wherwell, Hampshire (1587–1605) when ousted for Puritanical leanings under James I.[3] Bachiler is said to have married _____ Bates, sister of Rev. John Bates (who succeeded Bachiler as Vicar at Wherwell), about 1590, with whom he had six children: Nathaniel, Deborah, Stephen, Samuel, Ann, and Theodate.[4]

Bachiler had a second marriage to Christian Weare, widow, in 1623. She died before 1627. His third marriage, in 1627, was to Helena Mason, the widow of Revd. Thomas Mason of Odiham, Hampshire; Mary, the daughter of Helena and Thomas Mason, was married to Richard Dummer, who also became involved in the founding of the Plough Company.[5][6]

Plough Company and immigration

In 1630 he was a member of the Company of Husbandmen in London and with them, as the Plough Company, obtained a 1,600 mile² (4,000 km²) grant of land in Maine from the Plymouth Council for New England. The colony was called "Lygonia" after Cecily Lygon, mother of New England Council president Sir Ferdinando Gorges. Bachiler was to be its minister and leader. Although the settlers sailed to America in the winter of 1630-1631, the project was abandoned.[7][8]

Bachiler was accompanied to America, on the ship William & Francis (5 June 1632) after an 88-day jouney, by his third wife, Helena and his "family".[9] Exactly who came with Rev. Bachiler is unknown. The families of his children Nathaniel, Deborah, Ann & Theodate are all later found in New England.[10][11][12]

Lynn, MA

Bachiler was 70 years old when he reached Boston in 1632, and gathered his followers to establish the First Church of Lynn (then Saugus). He incurred the hostility of the Puritan theocracy in Boston, being believed to have cast the only dissenting vote among ministers against the expulsion of Roger Williams. Despite his age, he was uncommonly energetic, and throughout some two decades pursued settlement and church endeavors, always engaged in controversy and confrontation with Bay Colony leaders.

New Hampshire

In 1638, Bachiler and others successfully petitioned to begin a new plantation at Winnacunnet, to which he gave the name Hampton when the town was incorporated in 1639. His ministry there became embroiled in controversy when Timothy Dalton was sent to the town as "teaching assistant" by the Boston church after New Hampshire was absorbed by Massachusetts in 1641. Shortly thereafter, Bachiler was excommunicated by the Hampton church on unfounded charges of "scandal", but protested to Governor Winthrop and was later reinstated. In other respects, Bachiler's reputation was such that in 1642, he was asked by Thomas Gorges, deputy governor of the Province of Maine, to act as arbitration "umpire" (deciding judge) in a Saco Court land dispute between George Cleeve and John Winter.

Maine

By 1644 Cleeve had become deputy governor of Lygonia, a rival province to that of Gorges' in Maine established from a resurrected Plough Patent, and asked Bachiler to be its minister at Casco. Bachiler deferred, having already received a call to be minister for the new town of Exeter. Once again Massachusetts intervened in his affairs when the General Court ordered deferral of any church at Exeter. Frustrated in his attempts at a new ministry, Bachiler left Hampton and went as missionary to Strawbery Banke (now Portsmouth, New Hampshire) probably that same year 1644. While there, he married in 1648 (his fourth wife) a young widow, Mary Beedle of Kittery, Maine. In 1651, she was indicted and sentenced for adultery with a neighbor.[13]

Emigration to England and Death

Denied a divorce by the Massachusetts Court, Bachiler finally returned to England about 1653. His children who had stayed in England were well off and able to take care of him. Bachiler died near London, and was buried at All Hallows Staining on October 31, 1656.[14]

Perhaps the best summation of his career is in the biographical entry in Robert Charles Anderson's look at the early immigrants: "Among the many remarkable lives lived by early New Englanders, Bachiler's is the most remarkable." [15]

Notable descendants

References

  1. ↑ matriculated at Oxford University 17 NOV 1581, when it is believed he was 20. Also called age 70 on 23 JUN 1631 when he made a trip to Flushing, Zeeland to visit family
  2. ↑ Register of the University of Oxford, Vol. II, part II, p. 44 (1887, found in Google Books)
  3. ↑ New England Historical and Genealogical Register, 46:60-61 from Winchester diocesan records
  4. ↑ Anderson, R.C. (2000) The Great Migration Begins: Immigrants to New England, 1620-1633, Vol I (1995). NEHGS, pp. 61-69.
  5. ↑ Dummer, Michael (June 2005). "5: Richard and Early Days in New England". The Family of Dummer (7th ed.). p. 24.
  6. ↑ Gen. Dict. Maine & NH, p. 81
  7. ↑ The Genealogist, New Series, 19 [1903]:270-284
  8. ↑ Wing Genealogy, vol. I, pp. 25-27, Picton Press
  9. ↑ Winthrop's Journal I:80-81 (1908 found at Google Books)
  10. ↑ Randall, P.E., Publisher. (2000) Piscataqua Pioneers Sheridan Books, Ann Arbor, MI
  11. ↑ Sanborn, V.C. (1899) Genealogy of the Family of Samborne or Sanborn in England and America. 1194-1898 Rumford Press
  12. ↑ Wing Genealogy vol. I, 2006, pp. 16-31 Penobscot Press
  13. ↑ Gen. Dict. Maine & NH, p. 81
  14. ↑ New Hampshire Genealogical Register, 8:1:16
  15. ↑ The Great Migration Begins, I:68

External links

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