Pyrrolysine—tRNAPyl ligase

Pyrrolysine—tRNAPyl ligase (EC 6.1.1.26, PylS, pyrrolysyl-tRNA synthetase) is an enzyme with systematic name L-pyrrolysine:tRNAPyl ligase (AMP-forming).^[1]^[2]^[3] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

ATP + L-pyrrolysine + tRNAPyl

\rightleftharpoons

AMP + diphosphate + L-pyrrolysyl-tRNAPyl

This enzyme is specific for pyrrolysine as substrate as it cannot be replaced by lysine or any of the other natural amino acids.

References

↑ Blight, S.K.; Larue, R.C.; Mahapatra, A.; Longstaff, D.G.; Chang, E.; Zhao, G.; Kang, P.T.; Green-Church, K.B.; Chan, M.K.; Krzycki, J.A. (2004). "Direct charging of tRNA(CUA) with pyrrolysine in vitro and in vivo". Nature. 431: 333–335. doi:10.1038/nature02895. PMID 15329732.
↑ Polycarpo, C.; Ambrogelly, A.; Gonzalès, A.; Winbush, S.M.; McCloskey, J.A.; Crain, P.F.; Wood, J.L.; Söll, D. (2004). "An aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase that specifically activates pyrrolysine". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 101: 12450–12454. doi:10.1073/pnas.0405362101. PMC 515082. PMID 15314242.
↑ Schimmel, P.; Beebe, K. (2004). "Molecular biology: genetic code seizes pyrrolysine". Nature. 431: 257–258. doi:10.1038/431257a. PMID 15372017.

Enzymes: CO CS and CN ligases (EC 6.1-6.3)

6.1: Carbon-Oxygen	Aminoacyl tRNA synthetase Alanine Arginine Asparagine Aspartate Cysteine D-alanine—poly(phosphoribitol) ligase Glutamate Glutamine Glycine Histidine Isoleucine Leucine Lysine Methionine Phenylalanine Proline Serine Threonine Tryptophan Tyrosine Valine

6.2: Carbon-Sulfur	Succinyl coenzyme A synthetase Acetyl—CoA synthetase Long-chain-fatty-acid—CoA ligase

6.3: Carbon-Nitrogen	Glutamine synthetase Ubiquitin ligase Cullin Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor UBE3A Mdm2 Anaphase-promoting complex UBR1 Glutathione synthetase CTP synthetase Adenylosuccinate synthase Argininosuccinate synthase Holocarboxylase synthetase GMP synthase Asparagine synthetase Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I II Glutamate–cysteine ligase

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list)

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