The term phoenix club is one used in professional team sports to refer to a new parent company that is set up to replace the parent company of a club that has failed in business terms but not in sporting terms, ideally while maintaining the continuity of the sporting activity.[1][2] In some cases, the phoenix club is created by the supporters of the club which has ended (or appears to be on the point of ending). A phoenix club will often have the same or similar name, logo and playing uniform to the original club. The term is particularly prevalent in the United Kingdom in relation to association football, though it is also used in other countries.
The term is also occasionally used to refer to a club formed by disgruntled supporters of a major team when a change of ownership or policy causes them to lose faith in the management of their favoured side (as happened in 2005 when F.C. United of Manchester were formed by fans of Manchester United as a protest at the sale of the latter to Malcolm Glazer).[3] although their status as such may disputed if the original club is still in existence at the time.
The term is taken from the mythical phoenix bird, which is said to resurrect itself from its own ashes. In the Australia-New Zealand A-League the demise of the sole New Zealand team, New Zealand Knights FC, resulted in the newly created club actually calling itself the Phoenix, albeit that the club moved to a different city, Wellington.
In some cases, phoenix clubs will retain the name of the club which they replaced, implying a continuation from the former team. In other cases, name changes occur, perhaps due to proprietorial ownership existing on the old club's name.
It does not also include teams that relocated and/or have been renamed as a going concern, although many of the former may have their founding date as the day they have moved and still have strong links to their past, however they are considered to be the same club and therefore cannot be a phoenix (unless their previous entity officially folded and was liquidated).
However, the term phoenix club is one that could be disputed depending on the criteria used, as there is no single universally accepted definition. Furthermore, there may be changes in what each country's football governing body and legal system defines as a phoenix club and not a resurrected club. For example: The Scottish Football Association has a different interpretation from the (English) Football Association with regard to phoenix clubs. Therefore, Rangers FC is not regarded in Scotland as a phoenix club (despite a new company having bought the assets of the The Rangers Football Club plc in 2012 after a failure to agree a CVA with its creditors and consequent liquidation); whereas in England, Darlington 1883 is regarded as a phoenix club having gone through similar circumstances.
Association football
Austria
Belgium
Brazil
Bulgaria
Costa Rica
a A.D. Generaleña merged with A.D. Pérez Zeledón to become Municipal Pérez Zeledón, de facto only continuing the Pérez Zeledón heritage.
Croatia
England / Wales
a Wimbledon F.C. became Milton Keynes Dons F.C. in 2004, two years after the foundation of AFC Wimbledon; see Relocation of Wimbledon F.C. to Milton Keynes.
Finland
France
| Original club |
Phoenix club |
Year established |
|---|
| Gap FC |
Gap Foot 05[39] |
2012 |
Germany
Indonesia
Latvia
Macedonia
Northern Ireland
Peru
Republic of Ireland
Romania
Russia
Scotland
Note: The SFA has a different interpretation from the FA with regard to phoenix clubs. Therefore, Rangers FC is not regarded as a phoenix club despite a new company having bought the assets of the The Rangers Football Club plc in 2012 after a failure to agree a CVA with creditors, whereas Darlington 1883 is regarded as a phoenix club in England having gone through similar circumstances.
Serbia
Slovenia
Spain
United States
Basketball
Poland
United Kingdom
Ice hockey
England
Sweden
References
- ↑ http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/football/33470801
- ↑ "Administration: How a 'phoenix' club can play in Scottish football". Stv.tv. 1 November 2011. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
- ↑ "Phoenix football – the clubs that would not die". Supportersnotcustomers.com. 25 November 2012. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
- ↑ Vöcklabruck: Anpfiff für neuen Fußball-Club
- ↑ Barkat, Amiram (25 December 2006). "Vienna Jews get back pre-WWII sporting club". Haaretz. Retrieved 25 December 2006.
- ↑ http://www.kskbeveren.be/about-ksk-beveren/
- ↑ http://sport.stv.tv/football/clubs/celtic/232929-where-is-the-money-going-from-victor-wanyamas-sale-to-southampton/
- ↑ http://www.ultras-tifo.net/photo-news/2352-beerschot-wilrijk-22032014.html
- ↑ http://weaintgotnohistory.sbnation.com/2015/5/8/8572269/chelsea-partnerships-feeder-teams-mouscron-bruxelles-vitesse-vitoria-setubal
- ↑ Cabofriense bate Bonsucesso e sobe para elite do Campeonato Carioca
- ↑ http://esportes.terra.com.br/futebol/abrindo-jogo/blog/2013/04/24/justica-pode-levar-parana-definitivamente-a-vila-olimpica-entenda/
- ↑ http://www.arquivodeclubes.com/sp/novo
- ↑ http://www.futebolcearense.com.br/2010/clube.asp?id=158
- ↑ http://fketar.weebly.com/1048108910901086108810801103.html
- ↑ http://gong.bg/bg-football/a-grupa/etyr-veliko-tyrnovo-zapochva-na-chisto-vyv-v-grupa-236103
- ↑ PrensaLibre News
- ↑ AS. Puma Generaleña – UNAFUT (Spanish)
- ↑ Strahija, Ivana (29 May 2011). "Pokrenuto osnivanje NK Varteksa". Sportnet.hr (in Croatian). Retrieved 29 May 2011.
- ↑ Revamped Merthyr Ready for Next chapter
- ↑ Louise Taylor (27 October 2009). "Accrington Stanley desperate not to let history repeat itself". The Sport Blog. Guardian. Retrieved 24 November 2010.
- ↑ Reformation of Newport County
- ↑ "Aldershot Town FC enter administration". www.footballeconomy.com. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
- ↑ Osbourne, Chris (2014-08-13). "MK Dons 3–1 AFC Wimbledon". BBC Football. Retrieved 2014-11-13.
It is 11 years since the old Wimbledon was moved 60 miles north to Milton Keynes by music mogul Pete Winkelman, and 10 years since the club was rebranded into MK Dons. But still AFC Wimbledon, the phoenix club created by fans, are searching for the win that may provide them with the smallest sensation of revenge.
- ↑ White, Jim (2012-12-02). "MK Dons 2 AFC Wimbledon 1: match report". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 2015-01-01.
... AFC Wimbledon, the phoenix club born from the most bitterly contested geographical switch in English football history ...
- ↑ Doyle, Paul (2012-11-30). "Neal Ardley's phoenix club on the rise for FA Cup duel of raw emotion". The Guardian. Retrieved 2015-01-01.
Wimbledon ... as you may have gathered, is not the same thing as MK Dons. For most people connected with Wimbledon, MK Dons is the club that hijacked their one and absconded to Milton Keynes to raise an illegitimate offshoot ... fans founded a phoenix club, AFC Wimbledon, that rose from the ashes and soared up through the leagues, ascending five tiers in nine seasons to its current perch in League Two.
- ↑ Griffin, Paul (31 August 2013). "THIS AFTERNOON'S MATCH PREVIEW – AFC HORNCHURCH (HOME)". www.pitchero.com. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
- ↑ "Town's fans get new football club". BBC Sport. 25 June 2007. Retrieved 14 August 2013.
- ↑ "In May 2007 with Farnborough Town Football and Social Club Limited facing liquidation the football club was expelled from the Conference and was no more. The reformed did catch a break early on though. Benefiting from some league restructuring the 'price' for the club failing was a two level relegation and the new club was placed in the Southern League 1 South & West Division.". www.farnboroughfc.co.uk.
- ↑ "Halifax on the brink of collapse". BBC Sport. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
- ↑ "Leagues agreed for 2008–09 season" BBC Sport. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
- ↑ "Supporters' trust set up AFC Fisher". Non-League Daily. 2009-05-29. Retrieved 2009-05-29.
- ↑ "Chester City wound up in High Court". BBC Sport. 10 March 2010. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
- ↑ "Rushden & Diamonds fans plan to set up 'phoenix' club". BBC Sport. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
- ↑ "Windsor FC – History in the Making". Windsor F.C. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
- ↑ "Phoenix club approved". www.croydon.co.uk. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
- ↑ "Darlington Match Preview". www.farsleyafc.co.uk. Retrieved 8 September 2013.
- ↑ "How Hereford FC rose from United's ashes with help from Manchester". www.theguardian.com. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
- ↑ Richardson, Egan (December 2012). "New beginnings". When Saturday Comes. 310.
- ↑ Michel Mospinek (17 June 2012). "Gap: Le TGI a prononcé sa dissolution". foot-national.com. Retrieved 7 July 2012.
- ↑ http://www.turus.net/sport/fussball/news/8120-gedenkspiel-für-marco-eckstein-fc-sachsen-leipzig-vs-bsg-chemie-leipzig.html
- ↑ Der FC Coburg spielt im Stocke-Stadion (German) Neue Presse Coburg, published: 28 June 2012, accessed: 4 November 2014
- ↑ "FOKUS: Minim Prestasi, Putra Samarinda Ditinggal Pusamania". 19 May 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
- ↑ "Virslīgā spēlēs FK "Liepāja"". liepajniekiem.lv. 2014-01-23. Retrieved 2015-01-27.
- ↑ "New club Victorija, the ghost of Pobeda".
- ↑ "Newry City FC to be relaunched". Destination Newry. 25 February 2013. Retrieved 9 March 2013.
- ↑ Quispe, Juan. "Familia Aurich". dechalaca.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 July 2013.
- 1 2 Niall Macsweeney (n.d.), A Record of League of Ireland Football 1921/2-1984/5. Basildon:Association of Football Statisticians.
- ↑ Phoenix Piteşti » FC Argeş revine: echipa fanilor a debutat sîmbătă în Liga a 4-a, la un an după dispariţia legendei violet
- ↑ Правительство Рязанской области обратилось в Ассоциацию «ПФЛ» с просьбой о включении ГАУ РО «ФК «Звезда» в состав членов (участников) Ассоциации
- ↑ "New hope as Airdrieonians die". BBC. 21 May 2002. Retrieved 28 November 2011.
- ↑ "Liquidation signals the final nail in Gretna coffin". Cumberland News. 2008-08-08. Retrieved 2009-08-11.
- ↑ gradsubotica.co.rs Otkud ime plavi olubovi i blue marines (Serbian)
- ↑ http://www.sportal.rs/news.php?news=110628
- ↑ Hajduk nastavlja kao OFK Hajduk Kula
- ↑ http://www.novosti.rs/vesti/sport.294.html:449968-Kula-Osnovan-novi-OFK-Hajduk
- ↑ http://www.b92.net/sport/fudbal/vesti.php?yyyy=2013&mm=08&dd=20&nav_id=744740
- ↑ "Ustanovitev mariborskega športnega društva Branik" (in Slovenian). MŠD Branik. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
- ↑ "NZS: Klubi" [NZS: Clubs] (in Slovenian). Football Association of Slovenia official website. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
- ↑ http://www.siol.net/sportal/nogomet/slovenija/novice/2013/11/propad_nk_in_fc_ljubljana_marko_elsner.aspx
- ↑ Aaron Rogan (13 July 2011). "Bohemians v Olimpija Ljubjana Preview". Sports News Ireland. Retrieved 14 July 2011.
- ↑ Andrea Luchetta (24 April 2012). "Dal letame alla fine e sbocciato il Maribor" [Maribor from the bottom to the heights] (in Italian). La Gazzetta dello Sport. p. 52. Retrieved 28 April 2012.
- ↑ http://www.siol.net/sportal/nogomet/2013/06/po_razpadu_nk_primorja_so_ajdovci_postavili_zdrave_nogometne_temelje.aspx
- ↑ La UD Mérida, en busca del terreno perdido
- ↑ El Mérida AD sustituirá al Mérida UD en Tercera (Spanish)
- ↑
- ↑ "Philadelphia Union open fan vote for USL team name". October 27, 2015. Retrieved October 27, 2015.
- ↑ "Soccer Fans Cheer Return of the Strikers". Miami Herald. Miami. 5 November 1987.
- ↑ http://www.sjearthquakes.com/club/history
- ↑ New York Cosmos. "August 01, 2010 – Pele announces to the return of the New York Cosmos". New York Cosmos. Retrieved September 5, 2013.
- ↑ http://krzysztofsendecki.natemat.pl/50493,asseco-prokom-gdynia-co-dalej
- ↑ "Heat on at Spectrum". Surrey Advertiser. 2006. Retrieved 2009-12-01.
- ↑ Anthony Jepson (2011). "Manchester Giants striding back for second coming". Manchester Evening News. Retrieved 2012-06-19.
- ↑ Svenska Fans
- ↑ Svenska Fans: En hockeyförening bildas – Bajen Hockey IF. 15 May 2008.
- ↑ Norsberg, Linus. Aftonbladet. "Nu kan fansens klubb bli Hammarby IF igen".