John I, Duke of Brittany

John I

Duke of Brittany
Reign	21 October 1221 - 8 October 1286
Predecessor	Peter I & Alix
Successor	John II
Regent	Peter I
Earl of Richmond
Reign	1268
Predecessor	Peter of Savoy
Successor	John II

Born	c. 1217/18
Died	8 October 1286 Château de l'Isle
Burial	Prières Abbey
Spouse	Blanche of Navarre
Issue Among Others	John II Peter, Lord of Hade Alix, Countess of Blois
House	House of Dreux
Father	Peter I, Duke of Brittany
Mother	Alix, Duchess of Brittany
Religion	Roman Catholicism

John I (Breton: Yann, French: Jean; c. 1217/18 – 8 October 1286), known as John the Red due to the colour of his beard, was Duke of Brittany from 1237 to his death and 2nd Earl of Richmond in 1268.

John was the eldest of three children born to Duchess Alix and her husband and jure uxoris co-ruler, Duke Peter I. He became duke upon his mother's death in 1221. His father, who had reigned as duke due to his marriage to Alix, ruled as regent until John reached adulthood.

He experienced a number of conflicts with the Bishop of Nantes and the Breton clergy. In 1240, he issued an edict expelling Jews from the duchy and cancelling all debts to them.^[1] He joined Louis IX of France in the Eighth Crusade in 1270, and survived the plague that killed the king. The duchy of Brittany experienced a century of peace, beginning with John I and ending with Duke John III's reign in 1341.^[2]

Marriage and issue

In 1236 John married Infanta Blanche, daughter of King Theobald I of Navarre.^[3] They had the following surviving issue:

John II, Duke of Brittany (1239 – 1305), married Beatrice of England and had issue.
Peter (1241 – 1268), Lord of Dinan, Hade, Léon, Hennebont and La Roche-Derrien.
Alix (1243 - 1288), Dame de Pontarcy; married John of Châtillon, Count of Blois.
Theobald (1245 – 1246), interred in the church abbey of Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys.
Theobald (1247 – died young), interred in the church abbey of Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys.
Eleanor (1248 – died young), interred in the church abbey of Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys.
Nicolas (1249 – 1251), interred in the church abbey of Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys.
Robert (1251 – 1259), interred in the church abbey of Saint-Gildas-de-Rhuys.

Ancestry

Ancestors of John I, Duke of Brittany

16. Louis VI of France

8. Robert I of Dreux

17. Adélaide de Maurienne

4. Robert II of Dreux

18. Guy de Baudement

9. Agnes de Baudemont, countess of Braine

19. Alix, Dame de Braine

2. Peter I, Duke of Brittany

20. Enguerrand II, Lord of Coucy

10. Ralph I, Lord of Coucy

21. Agnes de Baugency

5. Yolande de Coucy

22. Baldwin IV, Count of Hainaut

11. Agnes of Hainaut

23. Alice of Namur

1. John I, Duke of Brittany

24. Aimery V, Viscount of Thouars

12. Geoffroy IV, Viscount of Thouars

25. Agnes of Aquitaine

6. Guy of Thouars

26. Hugh VII of Lusignan

13. Aimée de Lusignan

27. Saracena

3. Alix of Thouars

28. Alan, 1st Earl of Richmond

14. Conan IV, Duke of Brittany

29. Bertha, Duchess of Brittany

7. Constance, Duchess of Brittany

30. Henry of Scotland

15. Margaret of Huntingdon

31. Ada de Warenne

References

↑ Jones, Michael (1988). The Creation of Brittany: A Late Medieval State. London: The Hambledon Press. p. 140. ISBN 9780907628804. OCLC 16805427.
↑ Jones, Michael (1988). The Creation of Brittany: A Late Medieval State. London: The Hambledon Press. p. 34. ISBN 9780907628804. OCLC 16805427.
↑ Hallam, Elizabeth M.; Everard, Judith (2001) [1980]. Capetian France, 987-1328. London: Longman. p. 273. ISBN 9780582489097. OCLC 6813908.

Regnal titles
John I, Duke of Brittany House of Dreux Cadet branch of the Capetian Dynasty Born: c. 1217/18 Died: 8 October 1286
Preceded by Alix and Peter I	Duke of Brittany 1221–1286	Succeeded by John II
Peerage of England
Preceded by Peter of Savoy	Earl of Richmond 1268-1286	Succeeded by John II

Rulers of Brittany

Early monarchs

c. 578–907	Waroch Saint Judicaël Alain II Hir Morman Wihomarc Nominoe Erispoe Salomon Pascweten Gurvand Judicael Alan I Gourmaëlon

Viking Occupation

c. 907–938	Hroflr Rognvaldr Incon

House of Nantes

938–958	Alan II (938–952) Drogo (952–958) Hoël I (960–981) Guerech (981–988) Alan (III) (988–990)

House of Rennes

958–1072	Conan I (990–992)) Geoffrey I (992–1008) Alan III (1008–1040) Odo I (1008–1034) Conan II (1040–1066) Hawise (1066–1072) with Hoel II (1066–1072)

House of Cornouaille

1072–1156	Alan IV (1072–1112) Conan III (1112–1148) Bertha (1148–1156) with Odo II (1148–1156)

House of Penthièvre

1156–1196	Conan IV (1156–1166) Constance (1166–1201) with Geoffrey II (1181–1186), later Guy of Thouars (1199–1201)

House of Plantagenet

1196–1203	Arthur I (1196–1203)

House of Thouars

1203–1221	Alix (1203–1221) with Peter I (1213–1221)

House of Dreux

1221–1341	John I (1221–1286) John II (1286–1305) Arthur II (1305–1312) John III (1312–1341)

War of the Breton Succession

1341–1365	Joan (1341–1364) with Charles I (1341–1364) disputed by John of Montfort (1341–1345) and John IV (1345–1365)

Montfort of Brittany

1365–1514	John IV (1365–1399) John V (1399–1442) Francis I (1442–1450) Peter II (1450–1457) Arthur III (1457–1458) Francis II (1458–1488) Anne (1488–1514)

House of Valois

1514–1547	Claude (1514–1524) Francis III (1524–1536) Henry (1536–1547)

Courtesy title

1547–present	Louis de France (1704–1705) Louis de France (1707–1712) Francis de Bourbon (1973–1984)

Authority control	WorldCat Identities VIAF: 39733414 GND: 100947727

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John I, Duke of Brittany

Marriage and issue

Ancestry

References

See also