Cocoa Beach, Florida

"Cocoa Beach" redirects here. For the racehorse, see Cocoa Beach (horse).

Cocoa Beach is a city in Brevard County, Florida. The population was 11,231 at the 2010 United States Census.[1] It is part of the Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area.

History

The first non-native settlement in the area as by a family of freed slaves following the American Civil War. In 1888, a group of men from Cocoa bought the entire tract of land, which went undeveloped until it was bought out in 1923 by a member of the group—Gus Edwards, Cocoa's city attorney. At that time, Edwards' total holdings included approximately 600 acres (240 ha), and he had stopped practicing law to devote all his efforts to developing the area.[2][3][4]

Prior to incorporation, the area was known as Oceanus.[5] The Town of Cocoa Beach was established on June 5, 1925. Cocoa Beach's first official meeting was held at the Cocoa Beach Casino on July 27, 1925, and adopted the City Seal.[6] Gus C. Edwards was elected [6] as mayor and served as a commissioner along with J.A. Haisten, and R.Z. Grabel. A little less than a month later, plans for a pier became official.

In 1935, the FDOT opened up what is now State Road A1A as a one-lane dirt road to Eau Gallie.[7] In 1938, a Deputy Marshal was appointed "to act in emergencies at night or at other times" for $.25/hour.[7] By 1939, the town had 49 residents. In 1940, the town requested that State Road 140 (now A1A) be routed on Orlando Avenue instead of Atlantic Avenue.[7] In 1942, the town prepared to receive men assigned to the newly opened Naval Air Station Banana River. Establishing regular garbage collection was discussed when the town discovered that the Air Station was having theirs collected.[7]

On May 1, 1942, the German submarine U-109 torpedoed the La Paz off the shore of Cocoa Beach. The crew was able to beach it with the help of tugs. Eventually it was returned to shipping. On May 3, the same U-boat sank the SS Laertes near the same spot.[8] Local boys were recruited for salvaging efforts and to rid the beach of subsequent debris.[9][10] Shortly thereafter, the federal government realized the danger of back-lighting from the coast making easy targets of passing ships and ordered a blackout for the remainder of the war.

During World War II, Cocoa Beach experienced money shortages for employees, and money to fix roads.[7]

In 1944, the town successfully fought a bill introduced in the Florida legislature which would have dissolved the city government.[7] In 1947 a single police officer was hired for $1/hour. The same year, the city constructed works for the distribution of potable water.[7] In 1950, a volunteer fire department was created which used a second-hand vehicle.[7] In 1950, a proposal to prevent people from driving on the beach was defeated.[7] In 1951, the city sought to place a stoplight, the city's first, at the intersection of what is now A1A and Minutemen Causeway.[7] In 1953, the city decided to mark the names of all streets.[7] In 1953, the city planned to pave A1A south from 520 down Orlando Avenue. The city intended to bear 1/3 of the costs, the adjacent property owners, 2/3.[7] In 1954, the Women's Club opened a library in the building used by the Fire Department.[7] In 1955, the speed limit in most of the town was raised to 35 miles per hour (56 km/h).[7] In 1955, the city prepared to house the people who were going to be launching missiles from what is now Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.[7] In 1956, the city attorney warned the council that blacks might attempt to use the beach. If they did, he recommended clearing the beach of all persons, both white and black. The 1954 decision, Brown v. Board of Education, had, in theory at least, integrated all general public facilities. Actual integration came later.

The city proposed selling the town dump to the school board for a junior high school, in order to keep students from being bused to Merritt Island.[7]

On June 29, 1957, the town of Cocoa Beach incorporated into a city. In September 1959, the city voted to add more sidewalks, improve the streets in residential areas as well as the main streets, and to pave more roads.[11]

In 1965, Cocoa Beach High School requested that Cocoa Avenue, the street that the school was located on, be renamed Minutemen Boulevard, in honor of the school's mascot, the Minuteman.

Cocoa Beach started its major growth during the 1960s.1000% population increase from 1950 to 1960) as a result of America's space program. NASA's John F. Kennedy Space Center is located approximately 15 miles (24 km) north of town. Many people moved to Cocoa Beach due to jobs connected to the space program and in search of new opportunities.

After manned space flights, the town held parades in honor of the astronauts.

After NASA's Apollo program came to an end, and before the Space Shuttle program was in full swing, the town's economy reflected the resulting layoffs. At one point, in 1975, unemployment was 14.3%.[4] Many families lost their jobs or simply moved away. The housing market plummeted and some people unable to sell their homes simply abandoned them.

Cocoa Beach was the setting for the 1960s sitcom I Dream of Jeannie, although no episodes were actually filmed there, and star Barbara Eden only made two visits during the show's production — both in 1969, for publicity.[12] Cocoa Beach High School was used as the school in the 2002 movie Race to Space.[13]

The 2010 Nebula Awards were held in the city.[14]

In 2016, the largest mansion in the city was destroyed by fire. It had been built on the beach by Al Neuharth in 1975. It contained 10,000 square feet (930 m2) of living space, 11 bedrooms and 12 bathrooms. It was valued at several million dollars.[15]

Geography

Cocoa Beach Pier, built in 1962, extends into the Atlantic Ocean

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 15.0 square miles (39 km2). 4.9 square miles (13 km2) of it is land and 10.1 square miles (26 km2) of it (67.49%) is water. Bordering the city on the north is Cape Canaveral; on the south is Crescent Beach; on the east is the Atlantic Ocean (5.6 mi or 9.0 km of oceanfront); on the west is the Banana River.

Propelled by a powerful hurricane, the ocean pushed its way through the barrier islands centuries ago and formed the Thousand Islands in the Banana River.[16]

There are a number of boating channels dredged in the area: the 0-99 Channel, the 100 Channel, the 200 Channel for houseboats, the 300 Channel, the 400 Channel near housing for private boats, the 500 Channel and the 600 Channel. Dredged material is placed on one of the Thousand Islands, but is now controlled.[17][18]

Many of the homes in Cocoa Beach are built on dredged mud and sand from the Banana River.

Surrounding areas

Climate

Cocoa Beach's has a humid Subtropical Climate Köppen climate classification of Cfa. This climate features hot and humid summers with frequent tropical downpours and daily thundershowers, and warm, dry, and sunny winters. The average high temperature in the warmest month (July) in Cocoa Beach is 91 °F (33 °C) and the average high in the coolest month (January) is 72 °F (22 °C).[19]

Monthly Normal and Record High and Low Temperatures
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Rec High °F 89 92 93 97 97 101 102 101 98 96 91 89
Norm High °F 72 73 77 81 85 89 91 90 88 83 78 73
Norm Low °F 50 51 55 60 66 71 72 73 72 67 60 53
Rec Low °F 17 27 25 35 47 55 60 60 58 41 30 21
Precip (in) 2.48 2.49 2.92 2.08 3.94 5.83 5.38 5.78 7.20 4.76 3.12 2.31
Source: The Weather Channel [20]

Government

Cocoa Beach is run by a Commission-Manager government, agreed to by its citizens in 1958. The City Commission acts as the legislative branch of the city government, guided by the provisions of the Charter of the City of Cocoa Beach. The City Commission enacts ordinances and resolutions that the City Manager administers as the appointed executive officer of the city government.[21]

The city owns and runs a golf course on the Banana River.[22]

In 2007, the city had a taxable real estate base of $2.09 billion.[23]

In 2012, the police force consisted of 36 officers.[24]

In 2011, the city photographed more than 20,000 instances of vehicles running red lights by the use of automatic cameras. A total of 6,595 violations were prosecuted.[25] In 2014, the city grossed $1.1 million for over 9.000 red light violations. Over 24,000 violations were captured on film. All could not be prosecuted for various reasons. The city netted over $249,000. The remainder went for licensing fees to the installing vendor; over half was remitted to the state. Cameras were sited at four locations on state road A1A, including the intersection with state road 520. Intersection crashes dropped from 88 in 2009 to 30 in 2014.[26]

The City Commission is made up of five members, one of whom is the Mayor. Historically, the commissioners were elected at-large to three-year terms but with a successful referendum on the 2010 ballot to hold elections on even-numbered years, the terms were extended to four years.

Following an election, a Vice Mayor is then selected from the commission members at an organizational meeting. The Mayor presides over all meetings and performs duties as delegated by the City Commission.[21] Seats affected by the 2010 referendum included Seat #1, Seat #4 and Seat #5. The November 6, 2012 election results are as followed[27]

City Commission

City Manager

The City Manager is appointed by the City Commission and is responsible for the city's day-to-day operations. The city's charter has established a separation of powers and responsibility between the Commission and the Manager; the elected commission establishes policy that the manager and staff carry out. The City Manager conducts day-to-day operations through four city departments: Administrative, Public Safety, Utilities, and Recreation.[28] Charles Billias was the City Manager from 1998 until October 2012. Bob Majka was the City Manager from 2012 until 2015. Ronald McLemore is the current City Manager [29]

Demographics

Historical population
Census Pop. %±
193031—
19404958.1%
1950246402.0%
19603,4751,312.6%
19709,952186.4%
198010,9269.8%
199012,12311.0%
200012,4823.0%
201011,231−10.0%
Est. 201511,595[30]3.2%
U.S. Decennial Census[31]

As of the census[32] of 2010, there were 11,231 people, 6,529 households, and 3,532 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,552.1 inhabitants per square mile (985.5/km²). There were 8,709 housing units at an average density of 1,780.6 per square mile (687.6/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 96.64% White, 0.62% Black, 0.22% Native American, 1.07% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.30% from other races, and 1.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.52% of the population.

There were 6,529 households,12.9% of which had children under the age of 18 residing; 45.5% were married couples living together; 5.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 45.9% were non-families. 38.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.7% were households of persons 65 years of age or older living alone. The average household size was 1.91 and the average family size was 2.47.

The city's population was divided into the following age groups: 12.2% under the age of 18; 3.8% between 18 and 24; 22.0% between 25 and 44,; 27.6% between 45 and 64, and 34.4% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 54 years. For every 100 females there were 99.3 males. For every 100 females aged 18 years and older, there were 96.4 males.

Cocoa Beach is a retirement area, an average age of 56.[33]

Economy

Personal income

According to the census, the median income for a single household in the city was $42,372, and the median income for a family was $51,795. Males had a median income of $39,418 versus $27,113 for females. The per capita income for the city was $28,968. About 3.7% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.8% of those under age 18 and 4.0% of those age 65 or over.

Tourism

Surfing manufacture and tourism add to Cocoa Beach's economy.
Ron Jon Surf Shop

Tourist markets are the beach and cruising. Business travelers constitute a secondary market.[34]

Ron Jon's, a surf shop, receives 2 million visitors a year.[35] Cocoa Beach is home to the East Coast Surfing Hall of Fame.

It is estimated that there are 2.4 million day trippers annually. While businesses appreciate the tourism, it creates a parking problem for the city.[36] There are 1,780 paved parking spaces and 607 spaces on the streets downtown, near the beach.[37]

The Cocoa Beach Pier, formerly known as the Cape Canaveral Pier, was built in 1962. An annual Easter Surfing Festival began in 1964. An estimated 100,000 spectators attend annually.[38] An annual Beach Fest is held in May.

An air show in 2009 drew a crowd estimated at 30,000.[39]

The Ron Jon Easter Surfing Festival drew 50,000 visitors in 2009.[40]

The largest charity surfing festival, National Kidney Foundation Pro-Am Surfing Festival, has been held every Labor Day Weekend in Cocoa Beach since 1985.[41][42]

In 2015 businesses in the city collected $5.6 million in tourist tax, over half the tourist tax collected in the county and more than any other municipality, $$1.4 million.[43]

Workforce

In 2007, Cocoa Beach's median labor force was 6,344. Of that group, 6,006 were employed and 338 were unemployed, for an unemployment rate of 5.3%.[44]

Housing

In 2008, 6 building permits were issued. This was down from 9 permits for 11 units in 2007, which was down from 20 permits for 34 units in 2006.[45]

The median home price in 2007 was $409,000.[44]

Education

The city has three public schools:

Freedom 7 Elementary school and Cocoa Beach Jr./Sr High School both are certified International Baccalaureate schools. Freedom 7 Elementary has a primary years program, and Cocoa Beach Jr./Sr High has both a middle years program and a diploma program.

94% of all residents 25 years or older are high school graduates. 38.6% have a Bachelor's Degree or higher.[44]

Landmarks

Cocoa Beach Pier

Former

Infrastructure

Roads

The following roads are usually called by their numbers when spoken:

Public transportation

Public transportation in Cocoa Beach, Cape Canaveral, and surrounding Brevard County is provided by Space Coast Area Transit.

Utilities

The city contracted directly with Florida Power & Light for electricity, paying 10.689 cents per kilowatt hour in 2010.[47]

Canals

The city has 37 canals, totaling 9 miles (14 km), serving residential homes, plus 17 miles (27 km) of channels. These are maintained by the city.[48]

Notable people

Sister cities

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 Demographic Profile Data (DP-1): Cocoa Beach city, Florida". U.S. Census Bureau, American Factfinder. Archived from the original on September 11, 2013. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
  2. ↑ Biography of Gus C. Edwards City of Cocoa Beach - Official Site. Retrieved on 2009-06-26.
  3. ↑ City History City of Cocoa Beach - Official Site. Retrieved on 2009-06-26.
  4. 1 2 History at a Glance Archived January 4, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. City of Cocoa Beach - Official Site. Retrieved on 2009-06-26.
  5. ↑ Parrish, Ada Edmiston; Field, Alma Clyde; Harrell, George Leland (2001). Merritt Island and Cocoa Beach. Charleston, SC: Arcadia. ISBN 0738506680.
  6. 1 2 Meeting Minutes for July 27, 1925 City of Cocoa Beach - Official Site. Retrieved on 2009-06-26.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 "The History of Cocoa Beach". City of Cocoa Beach. 2010-12-15. Archived from the original on February 19, 2009.
  8. ↑
  9. ↑ Chris Kridler (2010-08-18). "New book highlights Florida's role during World War II". Florida Today. Florida Today. Archived from the original on July 14, 2014.
  10. ↑ La Paz (British Motor merchant) - Ships hit by German U-boats during WWII. uboat.net. Retrieved on 2013-09-18.
  11. ↑ The History of Cocoa Beach. Cityofcocoabeach.com. Retrieved on 2013-09-18.
  12. ↑ Osborne, Ray I Dream of Jeannie Days
  13. ↑ Race to Space (2000) - Overview - MSN Movies. Movies.msn.com. Retrieved on 2013-09-18.
  14. ↑ Harbaugh, Pam (12 May 2010). "Nebula Awards honor science, fantasy writers". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. !D.
  15. ↑ Sangalang, Jennifer (March 17, 2016). "After the fire, city feels loss". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1A, 12A. Retrieved March 17, 2016.
  16. ↑ Kridler, Chris (April 20, 2007). Paddle a watery wilderness. Florida Today.
  17. ↑ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2013-11-26.
  18. ↑
  19. ↑ Randy Lascody (March 2002). "The Onset of the Wet and Dry Seasons in East Central Florida- A Subtropical Wet-Dry Climate?". National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office Melbourne, FL. NOAA.
  20. ↑ http://weather.yahoo.com/climo/USFL0089_f.html
  21. 1 2 Elected Officials City of Cocoa Beach - Official Site. Retrieved on 2009-06-26.
  22. ↑ Cocoa Beach golf course accessed March 18, 2008
  23. ↑ Dean, James (April 26, 2008). More taxes or fewer services. Florida Today.
  24. ↑ Gallop, J.D. (January 31, 2012). "Off-duty officer 'critical' after crash". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1B.
  25. ↑ Neale, Rick (February 5, 2012). "Challengers mostly win". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 12A.
  26. ↑ Moody, R. Norman (January 16, 2015). "Cocoa Beach keeps red light cameras...for now". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 12A. Retrieved January 17, 2015.
  27. ↑ "City of Cocoa Beach". Retrieved 31 March 2013.
  28. ↑ City Departments City of Cocoa Beach - Official Site. Retrieved on 2009-06-26.
  29. ↑ Florida Today - Cocoa Beach selects McLemore as new city manager
  30. ↑ "Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015". Retrieved July 2, 2016.
  31. ↑ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Archived from the original on May 11, 2015. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
  32. ↑ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-09-11. Retrieved 2008-01-31.
  33. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2014-03-05. Retrieved 2016-05-15. factfinder.census.gov
  34. ↑ Berman, Dave (January 22, 2016). "Wish You Were Here". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1A–10A. Retrieved January 23, 2016.
  35. ↑ Travel Writer'S Magazine - Space Coast Is Great Place For Families To Commune With Nature
  36. ↑ Neale, Rick (February 24, 2013). "Parking plan recharged". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1B.
  37. ↑ Neale, Rick (March 9, 2013). "Parking garage costs concern Cocoa Beach". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1B.
  38. ↑ Moody, R. Norman; Best, Keilani (March 22, 2008). Surf's i[ fpr economy. Florida Today.
  39. ↑ retrieved 4 October 2009 Archived April 30, 2015, at the Wayback Machine.
  40. ↑ Summers, Keyonna (3 April 2010). "Sign in the sand". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A.
  41. ↑ Mulak, Michelle (September 2, 2015). "NKF surf fest: 30 years of making waves". Florida Today. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  42. ↑ "History". NKF Surf Festival. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
  43. ↑ Berman, Dave (March 8, 2016). "Brevard, Airbnb make tax deal". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1A. Retrieved March 8, 2016.
  44. 1 2 3 Cocoa Beach Community Data Sheet Economic Development Council of Florida's Space Coast. Retrieved on 2009-06-26.
  45. ↑ Building Permits United States Census Bureau. Retrieved on 2009-06-24.
  46. ↑ Amy Shepherd Nance (2009-12-05). "A Vintage Cape Canaveral Tour". VisitFlorida.com. Archived from the original on December 26, 2009.
  47. ↑ Moody, R. Norman (19 March 2010). "Cocoa Beach studies municipal electriciy". Melbourne, Florida: Florida Today. pp. 1A.
  48. ↑ Waymer, Jim (November 24, 2013). "Muck". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 4A. Retrieved December 29, 2013.
  49. ↑ Scott, Megan K. (6 March 2011). "Hurston's real home". Florida Today. Melbourne, Florida. pp. 1D.
  50. ↑ Records, Clerk of the Courts
  51. ↑ Freedom Forum retrieved April 8, 2008
  52. ↑ Online World of Wrestling.com retrieved April 8, 2008
  53. ↑ IMDB Bio retrieved October 30, 2015
  54. ↑ John Wooden: UCLA Coaching Legend
  55. ↑ Browne, Malcolm W (1986-07-09). "TV REVIEWS - 'GROWING UP WITH ROCKETS,' CAPE CANAVERAL FAMILY LIFE". New York Times. Retrieved 2015-04-06.
  56. ↑ http://www.cityofcocoabeach.com/government/agendas/COMMISSION/2005/cc100605/Sister%20City%20Day%20Proclamation.pdf
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