Balata al-Balad
| Balata al-Balad | |
|---|---|
| Other transcription(s) | |
| • Arabic | بلاطة البلد |
  Balata al-Balad Location of Balata al-Balad within the Palestinian territories | |
| Coordinates: 32°12′41.65″N 35°16′58.56″E / 32.2115694°N 35.2829333°ECoordinates: 32°12′41.65″N 35°16′58.56″E / 32.2115694°N 35.2829333°E | |
| Palestine grid | 176/179 |
| Governorate | Nablus |
| Area | |
| • Jurisdiction | 100 dunams (0.1 km2 or 0.04 sq mi) |
| Population (1996) | |
| • Jurisdiction | 5,500 |
| Name meaning | "village of Balata"[1] |
Balata al-Balad (Arabic: بلاطة البلد) is a Palestinian suburb of Nablus, in the northern West Bank, located 1 kilometer (0.62 mi) east of the city center. Formerly its own village, it was annexed to the municipality of Nablus during Jordanian rule (1948– 67).[2]
Etymology
The village's name is Balata, the name of an ancient Arab village, which was preserved by local residents.[3][4] Its pseudonymn, al-Balad (meaning "the village"), is used to distinguish it from the Palestinian refugee camp of Balata which lies to the east and was established in 1950.[4][5]
The village's name is transcribed in the writings of Eusebius (d. circa 339) and Jerome (d. 420), as Balanus or Balata.[6][7] In the Samartian chronicles, its Arabic names are transcribed as Balata ("a pavement of flat stone slabs") and Shejr al-Kheir ("tree of grace").[6][8] In the writings of Yaqut al-Hamawi (d. 1229), the Syrian geographer, its name is transcribed as al-Bulāṭa.[9]
One theory holds that balata is a derivation of the Aramaic word Balut, meaning "acorn" (or, in Arabic, "oak"), while another theory holds that it is a derivation of the Byzantine-Roman era, from the Greek word platanos, meaning "terebinth", a type of tree that grew around the village spring.[3][4]
Location
A suburb of the city of Nablus, the village is situated on the southern part of Tell Balata, and covers about one-third of the tell.[4][10] The built-up area was made up of 2.5 hectares (25 dunams) in 1945, and increased to more than 10 hectares (100 dunams) in 1980.[11] To the east, is a vast plain, with the ways running east-west leading out through the pass from Jerusalem to Nablus and the coast, and the way to the northeast around Mount Ebal leading down to Wadi Fa'rah and the ford across the Jordan River at Jisr el-Damiyah.[12][13]
History
Balata is a village on an ancient site, and it has ancient cisterns and canals.[14]
The history of the village is tied to that Jacob's Well and Joseph's Tomb. Benjamin of Tudela, (d. 1173), who visited the site in the 12th century, places it "A sabbath-way distance from Sichem," and says it contains Joseph's sepulcher.[15] Yaqut al-Hamawi (d. 1229) wrote that it was "a village of the Nablus District in Filastin. The Jews say that it was here that Nimrud (Nimrod) ibn Ka´an threw Abraham into the fire; the learned, however, say this took place at Babil (Babylon), in Irak -and Allah alone knows the truth. There is here the spring called Ain al Khidr. Yusuf (Joseph) as Sadik -peace be on him! - was buried here, and his tomb is well known, lying under the tree".[16]
The church built around Jacob's Well and the lands of the village of Balata belonged to the Benedictine nuns of Bethany in the 12th century.[17] Written documentation from this time of the Crusades indicates that, Balata, also known as Balathas, was a Frankish settlement.[18]
Ottoman era
Balata al-Balad, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the census of 1596 the village appeared under the name Balata as being in the Nahiya (Subdistrict) of Jabal Qubal of the Liwa (District) of Nablus. It had a population of 34 households, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 33.3% on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 5,200 akçe.[19]
In 1870, Victor Guérin found here a small village, with about twenty houses. It had abundant waters, which were distributed to the fields in a canal, with "beautiful antique tiles".[20] In 1882, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described Balata as a small hamlet in the valley, of low howels, near a beautiful spring. On the east were figs and mulberries.[21]
An 1900 report by Conrad Schick for the Palestine Exploration Fund describes Balata as a hamlet made up of a few huts surrounded by gardens that lay to the west of Jacob's Well and its accompanying church complex, at that time in ruins.[8]
British Mandate era
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Balata had a population of 461; all Muslim,[22] increasing in the 1931 census to 574; 6 Christians and 568 Muslims, in a total of 114 houses.[23]
According to a land and population survey in 1945, Balata had a population of 770 Arabs, with a total of 3,000 dunams of land,[24] living in a built-up area of 25 dunams.[25] Of the land, 95 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, while 1,832 dunams were used for cereals.[26]
Modern era
Following the 1948 Arab–Israeli war, the Palestinian refugee camp of Balata was established directly adjacent to the village in 1950. Its population is significantly larger than that of the village of Balata. During the First Intifada, whenever the refugee camp was placed under curfew by the Israeli occupying authorities, so too was the village.[27]
The village contains an old mosque, five schools, and the village spring, which served as the main water source, is known as 'Ain el-Khidr.[11] Education and medical services in the Balata refugee camp are provided by UNRWA. While electricity and running water supplies were often irregular, the camp was better off in terms of public services than the village of Balata, which lacked piped water, and depended upon private electricity generators and Israeli-run education and medical services, until some after the establishment of the Palestinian National Authority following the signing of the Oslo Accords in 1993.[28]
USAID sponsors a flagship program involving the Balata Al-Balad Women's Society in the village that seeks to increase coordination between community-based organizations and the Palestinian Ministry of Health to improve the provision of health care services.[29]
References
- ↑ from "flagstones" according to Palmer, 1881, p. 179
- ↑ Abujidi, 2014, p. 96
- 1 2 Mazar and Ahituv, 1992, p. 53.
- 1 2 3 4 Crown et al., 1993, p. 39
- ↑ Doumani, 2003, p. 115
- 1 2 Conder, 1878, p. 70
- ↑ Forlong, 1998, p. 343.
- 1 2 Schick, 1900, pp. 61-63
- ↑ Houstma, 1987, p. 616
- ↑ "Tell Balata". Visitpalestine.ps. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
- 1 2 Al-Mawsu'a il-Filistiniyya - The Palestinian Encyclopedia, entry on Balata.
- ↑ Pfeiffer, 1966, p. 518.
- ↑ Wright, 1985, p. 14
- ↑ Dauphin, 1998, p. 797
- ↑ Benjamin of Tudela et al., 1841, p. 426.
- ↑ quoted in le Strange, 1890, p. 416
- ↑ Pringle, 1993, p. 258
- ↑ Ellenblum, 2003, pp. xix, 224
- ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 134
- ↑ Guérin, 1874, pp. 382-384
- ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 168
- ↑ Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Nablus, p. 24
- ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 59
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 61
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 155
- ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 105
- ↑ Law in the Service of Man, 1990, p. 185, note #18.
- ↑ Moors, 1995, p. 44
- ↑ "Press Release: USAID Supports Seven Community-Based Organizations' Efforts to Improve Health Services". USAID. November 18, 2009. Archived from the original on 2010-02-15. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
Bibliography
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Balata. |
- Abujidi, Nurhan (2014). Urbicide in Palestine: Spaces of Oppression and Resilience. Routledge. ISBN 9781317818847.
- Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Benjamin of Tudela; Asher, Adolf; Zunz, Leopold; Lebrecht, Fuerchtegott Schemaja (1841). The Itinerary of Rabbi Benjamin of Tudela. 1. A. Asher & co.
- Conder, C. R. (1876). "Samarian Topography". Quarterly statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 8: 182–197. (p. 190)
- Conder, C. R. (1877). "Sychar and Sychem". Quarterly statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 9: 149–150. (p. 149)
- Conder, Claude Reignier; Kitchener, H. H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. 2. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Conder, C. R. (Claude Reignier) (1878). Tent work in Palestine. A record of discovery and adventure. 1. London R. Bentley & Son.
- Crown, Alan David; Pummer, Reinhard; Tal, Abraham (1993). Alan David Crown, Reinhard Pummer, Abraham Tal, eds. A Companion to Samaritan Studies. Mohr Siebeck. ISBN 978-3-16-145666-4.
- Doumani, Beshara (2003). Family History in the Middle East: Household, Property, and Gender (Illustrated ed.). SUNY Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-5680-4.
- Dauphin, Claudine (1998). La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations. BAR International Series 726 (in French). III : Catalogue. Oxford: Archeopress.
- Ellenblum, Ronnie (2003). Frankish Rural Settlement in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (Illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-52187-1.
- Forlong, J. G. R. (1998). Short Studies in the Science of Comparative Religions Embracing All the Religions of Asia (Reprint ed.). Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 9780766101579.
- Law in the Service of Man (Organization: Rām Allāh) (1990). Punishing a nation: human rights violations during the Palestinian uprising, December 1987-December 1988 : a report. South End Press. ISBN 978-0-89608-378-3.
- Guérin, Victor (1874). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). 2: Samarie, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Hadawi, Sami (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
- Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (1987). E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936. 1 (Reprint ed.). BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-08265-6.
- Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
- Mazar, Benjamin; Aḥituv, Shmuel (1992). Shmuel Aḥituv, ed. Biblical Israel: State and People (Illustrated ed.). Magnes Press, Hebrew University. ISBN 978-965-223797-2.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- Moors, Annelies (1995). Women, Property, and Islam: Palestinian Experiences, 1920 –1990 (Illustrated ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-48355-1.
- Palmer, E. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- Pfeiffer, Charles F., ed. (1966). The Biblical world: a dictionary of Biblical archaeology (Illustrated ed.). Baker Book House. ISBN 9780801069154.
- Pringle, Denys (1993). The Churches of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A-K (excluding Acre and Jerusalem). I. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0 521 39036 2.
- Schick, Conrad (1900). "Notes on Jacob's Well". Quarterly statement - Palestine Exploration Fund. 32: 61–63.
- Wright, George R.H (1985). Ancient building in South Syria and Palestine, Volume 1. Brill Archive. ISBN 978-90-04-07091-2.
- Strange, le, Guy (1890). Palestine Under the Moslems: A Description of Syria and the Holy Land from A.D. 650 to 1500. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
External links
- Balata-Albalad Website
- Welcome To Balata
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 11: IAA, Wikimedia commons
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