Albertite

Albertite is a type of asphalt in the Albert Formation found in Albert County, New Brunswick. It is a type of solid hydrocarbon.

It is a deep black and lustrous variety, and is less soluble in turpentine than the usual type of asphalt. It was from Albertite that kerosene was first refined. It was first truly studied by New Brunswick geologist Abraham Gesner, who had heard stories of rocks that burned in the area.

Formation

Albertite is formed from oil shale which has become remobilised into liquid asphalt. The process of formation is as follows;

Production of crude oil (petroleum) from source rocks (in the case of Albert Mines, oil shale)
Petroleum becomes trapped in an anticlinal culmination
The petroleum gradually leaks out through the weakly permeable cap rock, the lighter oils are released most easily, leaving the bituminous residues of tars, asphaltanes and so forth behind
Eventually, the lighter hydrocarbons are totally removed, leaving the solid residue behind as albertite

Occurrence

Albertite is named after Albert County in New Brunswick, Canada, where it was first found. The occurrence at the area which became known as Albert Mines existed as a series of discordant veins which were hosted in the core of an anticlinal closure of a fold. It was initially mistaken for coal. The geologists of the 1800s were at a loss as to describe how this coal apparently came to lie discordant to the strata of the area, as they did not yet understand the nature of the oil shale source rock, nor the fact that the albertite was essentially solidified asphaltum.

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