Alabanda

For the Spanish footballer, see Sebastián Alabanda.
Alabanda
Αλαβάνδα (Ancient Greek)

Remains of Alabanda's bouleuterion
Shown within Turkey
Alternate name Antiochia of the Chrysaorians
Location Doğanyurt, Aydın Province, Turkey
Region Caria
Coordinates 37°35′30″N 27°59′08″E / 37.59167°N 27.98556°E / 37.59167; 27.98556Coordinates: 37°35′30″N 27°59′08″E / 37.59167°N 27.98556°E / 37.59167; 27.98556
Type Settlement

Alabanda (Ancient Greek: Αλαβάνδα) or Antiochia of the Chrysaorians was an ancient city of Caria, Anatolia, the site of which is near Doğanyurt, Çine, Aydın Province, Turkey.

The city is located in the saddle between two heights. The area is noted for its dark marble and for gemstones that resembled garnets. Stephanus of Byzantium claims that there were two cities named Alabanda (Alabandeus) in Caria, but no other ancient source corroborates this.

History

Ancient Greek theatre

According to legend, the city was founded by a Carian hero Alabandus. In the Carian language, the name is a combination of the words for horse ala and victory banda. On one occasion, Herodotus mentions Alabanda being located in Phrygia, instead of in Caria, but in fact the same city were meant.[1] Amyntas II, son of the Persian official Bubares, is known to have been given the rule over the city by king Xerxes I (r. 486-465 BC).[2][3]

In the early Seleucid period, the city was part of the Chrysaorian League, a loose federation of nearby cities linked by economic and defensive ties and, perhaps, by ethnic ties. The city was renamed Antiochia of the Chrysaorians in honor of Seleucid king Antiochus III who preserved the city's peace. It was captured by Philip V of Macedon in 201 BC. The name reverted to Alabanda after the Seleucid defeat at the Battle of Magnesia in 190 BC. The Romans occupied the city shortly thereafter.

According to Cicero in Greece they worshiped a number of deified human beings, at Alabanda there was Alabandus.[4]

In 40 BC, the rebel Quintus Labienus at the head of a Parthian army took the city. After Labienus's garrison was slaughtered by the city's inhabitants, the Parthian army stripped the city of its treasures. Under the Roman Empire, the city became a conventus (Pliny, V, xxix, 105) and Strabo reports on its reputation for high-living and decadence. The city minted its own coins down to the mid-third century. During the Byzantine Empire, the city was a created a bishopric.

Famous residents included the orators Menecles and Hierocles, who were brothers.

The ruins of Alabanda are 8 km west of Çine and consist of the remains of a theatre and a number of other buildings, but excavations have yielded very few inscriptions.

Ecclesiastical history

The names of some bishops of Alabanda are known because of their participation in church councils. Thus Theodoret was at the Council of Chalcedon in 451, Constantine at the Trullan Council in 692, another Constantine at the Second Council of Nicaea in 787, and John at the Photian Council of Constantinople (879). The names of two non-orthodox bishops of the see are also known: Zeuxis, who was deposed for Monophysitism in 518, and Julian, who was bishop from around 558 to around 568 and was a Jacobite.[5][6] No longer a residential diocese, Alabanda is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.[7][8]

Bishops

Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alabanda.

References

  1. BEAN, G.E. "ALABANDA (Araphisar) Caria, Turkey.". perseus.tufts.edu. The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Retrieved 18 September 2016. Herodotos describes Alabanda in one case as in Caria, in the other as in Phrygia, but there is no doubt that the same city is meant.
  2. Roisman & Worthington, p. 136.
  3. Briant 2002, p. 350.
  4. Cicero, De Natura Deorum. "In Greece they worship a number of deified human beings, Alabandus at Alabanda, Tennes at Tenedos, Leucothea, formerly Ino, and her son Palaemon throughout the whole of Greece."
  5. Michel Lequien, Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Vol. I, coll. 909-910
  6. Sophrone Pétridès, v. Alabanda, in Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques, vol. I, Paris 1909, col. 1285
  7. Annuario Pontificio 2013 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana, 2013, ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1), p. 828
  8. Vincenzo Ruggiari, A historical Addendum to the episcopal Lists of Caria, in Revue des études byzantines, Année 1996, Volume 54, Numéro 54, pp. 221-234 (in particular p. 232)
  9. Michel Le quien, Oriens Christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus, Paris 1740, Volume I, coll. 909-910.
  10. Alabanda at Catholic heirchy.org.
  11. /t0083.htm Alabanda at GCatholic.org.
  12. Pius Bonifacius Gams, Series Episcoporum Ecclesiae Catholicae, Leipzig 1931, p. 447.

Sources

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