4,4'-Diapophytoene synthase

4,4'-diapophytoene synthase (EC 2.5.1.96, dehydrosqualene synthase, DAP synthase, C30 carotene synthase, CrtM) is an enzyme with systematic name farnesyl-diphosphate:farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase (4,4'-diapophytoene forming).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

2 (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

\rightleftharpoons

4,4'-diapophytoene + 2 diphosphate (overall reaction)

(1a) 2 (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate

\rightleftharpoons

diphosphate + presqualene diphosphate

(1b) presqualene diphosphate

\rightleftharpoons

4,4'-diapophytoene + diphosphate

This enzym requires Mn²⁺. It is preset in Staphylococcus aureus and some other bacteria such as Heliobacillus sp.

References

↑ Umeno, D.; Tobias, A.V.; Arnold, F.H. (2002). "Evolution of the C₃₀ carotenoid synthase CrtM for function in a C₄₀ pathway". J. Bacteriol. 184 (23): 6690–6699. doi:10.1128/jb.184.23.6690-6699.2002. PMID 12426357.
↑ Pelz, A.; Wieland, K.P.; Putzbach, K.; Hentschel, P.; Albert, K.; Gotz, F. (2005). "Structure and biosynthesis of staphyloxanthin from Staphylococcus aureus". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (37): 32493–32498. doi:10.1074/jbc.M505070200. PMID 16020541.
↑ Ku, B.; Jeong, J.C.; Mijts, B.N.; Schmidt-Dannert, C.; Dordick, J.S. (2005). "Preparation, characterization, and optimization of an in vitro C₃₀ carotenoid pathway". Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 71 (11): 6578–6583. doi:10.1128/AEM.71.11.6578-6583.2005. PMID 16269684.
↑ Liu, C.I.; Liu, G.Y.; Song, Y.; Yin, F.; Hensler, M.E.; Jeng, W.Y.; Nizet, V.; Wang, A.H.; Oldfield, E. (2008). "A cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor blocks Staphylococcus aureus virulence". Science. 319: 1391–1394. doi:10.1126/science.1153018. PMC 2747771. PMID 18276850.

External links

4,4'-diapophytoene synthase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

Transferases: alkyl and aryl (EC 2.5)

2.5.1	Dimethylallyltranstransferase Thiaminase I Methionine adenosyltransferase Riboflavin synthase Dihydropteroate synthase Spermidine synthase Glutathione S-transferase Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase Spermine synthase Alkylglycerone phosphate synthase Farnesyltransferase Geranylgeranyltransferase type 1 Porphobilinogen deaminase

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list)

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