1880 in science
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The year 1880 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.
Astronomy
- September 30 – American doctor Henry Draper takes the first photograph of the Orion Nebula, from Hastings-on-Hudson, New York; this year he also photographs the spectrum of Jupiter.
Mathematics
- F. Landry finds the largest known Fermat prime, 65537.
- John Venn popularises Venn diagrams.[1][2]
Medicine
- Moritz Kaposi publishes Pathologie und Therapie der Hautkrankheiten in Vorlesungen für praktische Ärzte und Studierende ("Pathology and treatment of diseases of the skin, for practitioners and students"), a significant textbook in dermatology.[3]
- English surgeon Sampson Gamgee reports on his use of the medical dressing Gamgee Tissue.[4]
- Scottish surgeon William Macewen reports on his use of orotracheal intubation as an alternative to tracheotomy.[5]
Physics
- February 13 – Thomas Edison observes the Edison effect.
- The first demonstration of the direct piezoelectric effect is made by the brothers Pierre Curie and Jacques Curie.[6]
- Johannes Diderik van der Waals formulates the Law of Corresponding States.
Technology
- Dugald Clerk builds the first successful two-stroke engine.[7]
Publications
- February – The journal Science is first published in the United States with financial backing from Thomas Edison.
- Start of publication of Report Of The Scientific Results of the Exploring Voyage of H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-76.
Awards
Births
- January 18 – Paul Ehrenfest (died 1933), Austrian physicist and mathematician.
- February 17 – Reginald Farrer (died 1920), English botanist.
- June 21 – Arnold Gesell (died 1961), American developmental psychologist.
- June 24 – Oswald Veblen (died 1960), American mathematician.
- August 17 – Paul Kammerer (died 1926), Austrian Lamarckian biologist.
- October 15 – Marie Stopes (died 1958), English paleobotanist and pioneer of birth control.
Deaths
- January 9 – William Budd (born 1811), English physician and epidemiologist.
- May 6 – Friedrich Bayer (born 1825), German manufacturing chemist.
- July 9 – Paul Broca (born 1824), French anthropologist.
References
- ↑ Venn, John (July 1880). "On the Diagrammatic and Mechanical Representation of Propositions and Reasonings". The London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: 1–18.
- ↑ Sandifer, Ed (2003). "How Euler Did It" (pdf). MAA Online. The Mathematical Association of America. Retrieved 2011-04-08.
- ↑ Holubar, Karl; Fatovic-Ferencic, Stella. "Moriz Kaposi 1837-1902: a historical reappraisal". Retrieved 2011-03-25.
- ↑ Gamgee, J. S. (1880-01-24). "Absorbent and medicated surgical dressings". The Lancet. London. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)36703-5.
- ↑ Macewen, William (1880-07-24). "Clinical Observations on the Introduction of Tracheal Tubes by the Mouth, Instead of Performing Tracheotomy or Laryngotomy". The British Medical Journal. 2 (1021): 122–4. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.1021.122. JSTOR 25254413. PMC 2241154
. PMID 20749630.; Macewen, William (1880-07-31). "Clinical Observations on the Introduction of Tracheal Tubes by the Mouth, Instead of Performing Tracheotomy or Laryngotomy". BMJ. 2 (1022): 163–5. doi:10.1136/bmj.2.1022.163. JSTOR 25254466. PMC 2241109. PMID 20749636. - ↑ Curie, Jacques; Pierre (1880) "Développement par compression de l’électricité polaire dans les cristaux hémièdres à faces inclinées" [Development, via compression, of electric polarization in hemihedral crystals with inclined faces], Bulletin de la Société minérologique de France 3: 90-93. Reprinted in: Curie, Jacques; Pierre (1880) "Développement, par pression, de l’électricité polaire dans les cristaux hémièdres à faces inclinées", Comptes rendus de l'Académie des sciences 91: 294-295. See also: Curie, Jacques; Pierre (1880) "Sur l’électricité polaire dans les cristaux hémièdres à faces inclinées" [On electric polarization in hemihedral crystals with inclined faces], Comptes rendus 91: 383-386.
- ↑ Boothroyd, David. "Forgotten Hero: The man who invented the two-stroke engine". The VU. Archived from the original on 2004-12-15. Retrieved 2005-01-19.
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