15-Cis-phytoene desaturase

15-Cis-phytoene desaturase (EC 1.3.5.5, phytoene desaturase (ambiguous), PDS, plant-type phytoene desaturase) is an enzyme with systematic name 15-cis-phytoene:plastoquinone oxidoreductase.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

15-cis-phytoene + 2 plastoquinone

\rightleftharpoons

9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene + 2 plastoquinol (overall reaction)

(1a) 15-cis-phytoene + plastoquinone

\rightleftharpoons

15,9'-dicis-phytofluene + plastoquinol

(1b) 15,9'-dicis-phytofluene + plastoquinone

\rightleftharpoons

9,15,9'-tricis-zeta-carotene + plastoquinol

This enzyme is involved in carotenoid biosynthesis in plants and cyanobacteria.

References

↑ Breitenbach, J.; Zhu, C.; Sandmann, G. (2001). "Bleaching herbicide norflurazon inhibits phytoene desaturase by competition with the cofactors". J. Agric. Food Chem. 49 (11): 5270–5272. doi:10.1021/jf0106751. PMID 11714315.
↑ Schneider, C.; Boger, P.; Sandmann, G. (1997). "Phytoene desaturase: heterologous expression in an active state, purification, and biochemical properties". Protein Expr. Purif. 10 (2): 175–179. doi:10.1006/prep.1997.0730. PMID 9226712.
↑ Fraser, P.D.; Linden, H.; Sandmann, G. (1993). "Purification and reactivation of recombinant Synechococcus phytoene desaturase from an overexpressing strain of Escherichia coli". Biochem. J. 291: 687–692. PMC 1132422. PMID 8489496.
↑ Breitenbach, J.; Sandmann, G. (2005). "ζ-Carotene cis isomers as products and substrates in the plant poly-cis carotenoid biosynthetic pathway to lycopene". Planta. 220: 785–793. doi:10.1007/s00425-004-1395-2. PMID 15503129.

Oxidoreductases: CH–CH oxidoreductases (EC 1.3)

1.3.1: NAD/NADP acceptor	Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase/Enoyl ACP reductase 7-Dehydrocholesterol reductase Biliverdin reductase 2,4 Dienoyl-CoA reductase Dihydroxymethyloxo-tetrahydroquinoline dehydrogenase

1.3.3: Oxygen acceptor	Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase Coproporphyrinogen III oxidase Protoporphyrinogen oxidase Bilirubin oxidase Acyl-CoA oxidase Dihydrouracil oxidase Tetrahydroberberine oxidase Secologanin synthase Tryptophan alpha,beta-oxidase Pyrroloquinoline-quinone synthase L-galactonolactone oxidase

1.3.5: Quinone	Succinate dehydrogenase SDHA SDHB SDHC SDHD

1.3.99: Other acceptors	Fumarate reductase Butyryl-CoA dehydrogenase Acyl CoA dehydrogenase ACADSB ACADS 5α-reductase SRD5A1 SRD5A2 SRD5A3 Glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase Isovaleryl coenzyme A dehydrogenase 3-oxo-5beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase

Enzymes

Activity	Active site Binding site Catalytic triad Oxyanion hole Enzyme promiscuity Catalytically perfect enzyme Coenzyme Cofactor Enzyme catalysis Enzyme kinetics Lineweaver–Burk plot Michaelis–Menten kinetics

Regulation	Allosteric regulation Cooperativity Enzyme inhibitor

Classification	EC number Enzyme superfamily Enzyme family List of enzymes

Types	EC1 Oxidoreductases (list) EC2 Transferases (list) EC3 Hydrolases (list) EC4 Lyases (list) EC5 Isomerases (list) EC6 Ligases (list)

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