Şoşoniler

Şoşoniler ya da Şoşonlar (İngilizce Shoshone ya da Shoshoni), Amerika Birleşik Devletleri'nin Idaho, Kaliforniya, Nevada, Oregon, Utah ve Wyoming eyaletlerinde yaşayan, Büyük Havza Kızılderilileri kültür grubundan Kızılderili halkı.

Şoşoniler
Önemli nüfusa sahip bölgeler
ABD
(Idaho, Kaliforniya, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Wyoming)
Diller
Şoşonice
Din
Hristiyanlık, yerel inançlar

Nüfus

Beyaz Avrupalılar tarafından getirilen bulaşıcı hastalıklar ve savaşlardan dolayı nüfusları oldukça azalmıştır ve 1845 yılındaki Kuzey ve Batı Şoşonilerinin nüfusu 4.500 kişidir.

1937 yılındaki Kızılderili İşleri Bürosu kayıtlarına göre 3.650 Kuzey Şoşonisi ve 1.201 Batı Şoşonisi vardır. 2000 sayımında ise toplam 12.000 Şoşoni kayıtlıdır.

Boyları
  • Batı Şoşonileri, doğu Kaliforniya, Nevada, kuzey Utah, güneydoğu Idaho[1]
    • Duckwater Shoshone Tribe ya da Tsaidüka, Railroad Valley, Nevada
    • Goshute, Nevada ve Utah
    • Te-Moak Tribe, made up of the Tonomudza band, Nevada
    • Yomba Western Shoshone Tribe,Nevada
  • Kuzey Şoşonileri, Idaho[1]
    • Agaideka (Salmon Eaters), Snake River ve Lemhi, Idaho
    • Kammedeka (Jackrabbit Eaters), Snake River, Idaho to the Great Salt Lake, Utah
    • Lemhi Şoşonileri, Lemhi River Valley, Idaho
    • Pohogwe (People of the Sagebrush Butte) ya da Fort Hall Shoshone, Idaho
    • Tukudeka (Mountain Sheep Eaters), central Idaho, güney Montana, and Yellowstone, Wyoming
    • Yahandeka (Groundhog Eaters), Boise, Payette, and Weiser Rivers, Idaho
  • Doğu Şoşonileri, Wyoming[1]
    • Kuccuntikka (Buffalo Eaters)
    • Tukkutikka ya da Tukudeka (Mountain Sheep Eaters), joined the Northern Shoshone

Kızılderili rezervasyonları
  • Battle Mountain Reservation, Lander County, Nevada
  • Big Pine Reservation, central Owens Valley, Inyo County, California; Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone
  • Bishop Community of the Bishop Colony, northern Owens Valley, Inyo County, California;
  • Death Valley Indian Community, Furnace Creek, Death Valley National Park, California; Timbisha Shoshone
  • Duck Valley Indian Reservation, southern Idaho/northern Nevada, (Western) Shoshone-Paiute Tribes
  • Duckwater Indian Reservation, located in Duckwater, Nevada, approximately 75 mil (121 km) from Ely.
  • Elko Indian Colony, Elko County, Nevada
  • Ely Shoshone Indian Reservation in Ely, Nevada, 111 acres (0.45 km²), 500 members
  • Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Reservation near Fallon, Nevada, 8,200 acres (33 km²), 991 members, Western Shoshone and Paiute
  • Fort Hall Indian Reservation, 544,000 acres (2,201 km²) in Idaho, Lemhi Shoshone with the Bannock Indians, a Paiute band with which they have merged
  • Fort McDermitt Indian Reservation, Nevada and Oregon, Fort McDermitt Paiute and Shoshone Tribe
  • Goshute Indian Reservation, 111,000 acres (449 km²) in Nevada and Utah, Western Shoshone
  • Lemhi Indian Reservation (1875–1907) in Idaho, Lemhi Shoshone, removed to Fort Hall Reservation
  • Lone Pine Community of the Lone Pine Reservation, lower Owens Valley, Inyo County, California; Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone
  • Northwestern Shoshoni Indian Reservation, Utah, Northwestern Band of Shoshoni Nation of Utah (Washakie)[2]
  • Reno-Sparks Indian Colony, Nevada, 1988 acres (8 km²), total 481 members of Shoshone, Paiute, and Washoe bands
  • Skull Valley Indian Reservation, 18,000 acres (73 km²) in Utah, Western Shoshone
  • South Fork Odgers Ranch Indian Colony, Elko County, Nevada
  • Wells Indian Colony, Elko County, Nevada
  • Wind River Reservation, population 2,650 Eastern Shoshone, 2,268,008 acres (9,178 km²) of reservation in Wyoming are shared with the Northern Arapaho

Ayrıca bakınız

Kaynakça
  1. D'Azevedo, Warren L (editor) (1986). Volume 11: Great Basin. Handbook of North American Indians. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution. ISBN 978-0-16-004581-3.
  2. "Northwestern Band of Shoshone Tribal Profile." 4 Nisan 2013 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. Utah Division of Indian Affairs. Retrieved 23 Dec 2012.
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