Zakarid Armenia

Zakarid Armenia | Georgian Armenia
Զաքարյան Հայաստան
Fief of Georgia, then of the Mongols
1201–1360
Zakarid territories in the early 13th century[1]
Capital Ani
Languages Armenian (native language)
Georgian
Religion Armenian Apostolic (predominantly)
Georgian Orthodox
Government Monarchy
Historical era Middle Ages
 •  Control was taken over Ani 1201
 •  Conquered by Kara Koyunlu 1360
Preceded by 		Succeeded by
Seljuq Armenia
Mongol Armenia
Principality of Khachen

Zakarid Armenia (Armenian: Զաքարյան Հայաստան Zakaryan Hayastan), was an Armenian principality between 1201 and 1360, ruled by the Zakarian dynasty. The city of Ani was the capital of the princedom. The Zakarids were vassals to the Kingdom of Georgia until 1236 when they became vassals to the Mongol Empire. Their descendants continued to hold Ani until the 1330s, when they lost it to a succession of Turkish dynasties, including the Kara Koyunlu, who made Ani their capital.

History

Kingdom of Georgia at the peak of its power under Tamar of Georgia and George IV of Georgia (1184-1223).

Following the collapse of the Bagratuni Dynasty of Armenia, Armenia was successively occupied by Byzantines, Seljuqs and other Muslim states.[2]

During the 12th century the Bagrations of Georgia enjoyed a resurgence in power, and managed to expand into Muslim occupied Armenia.[3] Despite some complications in the reign of George III, the successes continued in the reign of the Queen Tamar.[3] This was chiefly due to the Armenian generals Zakaria and Ivane.[4][5] Around the year 1199, they took the city of Ani, and in 1201, Tamar gave Ani to them as a fief.[3] Eventually, their territories came to resemble those of Bagratid Armenia.[2]

When the Khwarezms invaded the region, Dvin was ruled by the aging Ivanē, who had given Ani to his nephew Shanshe(Shahanshah), son of Zakarē. Dvin was lost, but Kars and Ani did not surrender.[3]

However, when Mongols took Ani in 1236, they had a friendly attitude towards the Zakarids.[3] They confirmed Shanshe in his fief, and even added to it the fief of Avag, son of Ivanē. Further, in 1243, they gave Akhlat to the princess T’amt’a, daughter of Ivanē.[3]

After the Mongols captured Ani in 1236, the Zakarids ruled not as vassals of the Georgians, but rather the Mongols.[2] The later kings of Zakarids continued their control over Ani until the 1360, when they lost to the Kara Koyunlu Turkoman tribes, who made Ani their capital.[2]

References

  1. ↑ George A. Bournoutian «A Concise History of the Armenian People», map 19. Mazda Publishers, Inc. Costa Mesa California 2006
  2. 1 2 3 4 Sim, Steven. "The City of Ani: A Very Brief History". VirtualANI. Retrieved 2007-07-15.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Minorsky, Vladimir (1953). Studies in Caucasian History. New York: Taylor’s Foreign Press. pp. 102–103. ISBN 0-521-05735-3.
  4. ↑ http://www.aina.org/reports/tykaaog.pdf
  5. ↑ Suny (1994), p. 39.

Coordinates: 40°30′27″N 43°34′22″E / 40.5075°N 43.5728°E / 40.5075; 43.5728

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