Volvo D5 engine
The Volvo D5[1] is a type of turbocharged diesel engine developed by Volvo Car Corporation for use in its passenger cars.
It is an all aluminium five-cylinder engine with 20 valves and double overhead camshafts. In all but one late version it has a VGT turbocharger of the type VNT (Variable Nozzle Turbine), common rail direct injection and cooled exhaust gas recirculation.
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There are three generations of D5 engines. The first generation was introduced in 2001; the second generation was introduced in 2005 and the third was introduced in 2009. The second generation got a slight reduction in stroke and has a reduced compression ratio, a water-cooled VNT turbocharger with a bigger compressor and an electric servo motor to adjust the vanes, an improved EGR system, a throttle valve, revised intake and exhaust ports and a newer generation of common-rail direct injection with improved injectors.[2] The third generation got a further reduction in compression ratio, a two-stage turbo system (D5244T10), an improved EGR system, revised intake and exhaust ports and a newer generation of common-rail direct injection with higher pressure and piezoelectric injectors.
Volvo has a special version of the D5 for use in the C30, S40, V50 and C70 models that produces 180 hp and 400 Nm of torque (reduced to 350 Nm with automatic transmission). The engine compartments of these cars are smaller so among other things the engine has a different air intake system, different exhaust system, smaller charge air cooler and a smaller radiator.
The D5244T is also offered as a marine engine by Volvo Penta under the name D3. The marinised engine is in large parts identical to D5244T. This includes crankshaft, pistons, camshafts, valves, cylinder block, cylinder head, turbo, injectors and the high pressure pump. The D3 ECU has a modified software, which e.g. gives a modified torque suited for marine applications and has a simplified starting sequence. The hardware differences between D5244T and D3 are: a water-cooled inter-cooler, a water-cooled exhaust manifold, a heavier monolithic crankwheel, a seawater-pump and a heat exchanger.
The output is 110 hp (82 kW) at 3,000 rpm, 130 hp, 160 hp, 190 hp, 220 hp (160 kW) at 4,000 rpm and it is coupled to a duoprop I/O system.
| D5244T | D5244T2 | D5244T4 | D5244T5 | D5244T7 | D5244T8 | D5244T13 | D5244T18 | D5244T10 | D5244T11 | D5244T14 | D5244T15 | D5244T16/T17 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Max power | 163 PS (120 kW) /4,000 rpm |
130 PS (96 kW) /4,000 rpm |
185 PS (136 kW) /4,000 rpm |
163 PS (120 kW) /4,000 rpm |
126 PS (93 kW) /4,000 rpm |
180 PS (130 kW) /4,000 rpm |
180 PS (130 kW) /4,000 rpm |
200 PS (150 kW) /3,900 rpm |
205 PS (151 kW)[3] /4,000 rpm |
215 PS (158 kW) /4,000 rpm |
175 PS (129 kW) /3,000-4,000 rpm |
215 PS (158 kW) /4,000 rpm |
163 PS (120 kW) /4,000 rpm |
| Max torque | 340 N·m (251 lb·ft) /1,750-2,750 rpm |
280 N·m (207 lb·ft) /1,750-3,000 rpm |
400 N·m (295 lb·ft) /2,000-2,750 rpm |
340 N·m (251 lb·ft) /1,750-2,250 rpm |
300 N·m (221 lb·ft) /1,750-2,750 rpm |
350 N·m (258 lb·ft) /1,750-3,250 rpm |
400 N·m (295 lb·ft) /2,000-2,750 rpm |
420 N·m (310 lb·ft) /1,900-2,800 rpm |
420 N·m (310 lb·ft) /1,500-3,250 rpm |
420 N·m (310 lb·ft) /1,500-3,250 rpm |
420 N·m (310 lb·ft) /1,500-2,750 rpm |
440 N·m (325 lb·ft) /1,500-3,000 rpm |
420 N·m (310 lb·ft) /1,500-2,500 rpm |
| Max engine speed | 4,600 rpm | 4,600 rpm | 5,000 rpm | 5,000 rpm | 5,000 rpm | 5,000 rpm | 5,000 rpm | 5,000 rpm | 5,200 rpm | 5,200 rpm | 5,000 rpm | 5,200 rpm | 5,000 rpm |
| Bore | 81 mm (3.19 inches) | ||||||||||||
| Stroke | 93.2 mm (3.67 inches) | 93.15 mm (3.667 inches) | |||||||||||
| Cylinder capacity | 2401 cc | 2400 cc | |||||||||||
| Compression ratio | 18:1 | 17.3:1 | 16.5:1 | ||||||||||
| Charging system | VNT | Two-stage turbo | VNT | Two-stage turbo | |||||||||
| Common rail | Second generation (1600 bar) | Third generation (1800 bar) | |||||||||||
| D5204T2 | D5204T5 | D5204T7 | D5204T | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Max power | 163 PS (120 kW) /2,900 rpm |
150 PS (110 kW) /3,500 rpm |
136 PS (100 kW) /3,500 rpm |
177 PS (130 kW) /3,500 rpm |
| Max torque | 400 N·m (295 lb·ft) /1,400-2,850 rpm |
350 N·m (258 lb·ft) /1,500-2,750 rpm |
350 N·m (258 lb·ft) /1,500-2,250 rpm |
400 N·m (295 lb·ft) /1,750-2,750 rpm |
| Max engine speed | 4,400 rpm | 5,000 rpm | ? rpm | 5,000 rpm |
| Bore | 81 mm (3.19 inches) | |||
| Stroke | 77 mm (3.03 inches) | |||
| Cylinder capacity | 1984 cc | |||
| Compression ratio | 16.5:1 | |||
| Charging system | VNT | |||
| Common rail | Third generation (1800 bar) | |||
Note: 'D5' is branding. All these engines share the five-cylinder block, although not all consistently used the 'D5' badge over time. This is due to changes in hardware and the specific model the engine was deployed in. E.g. On the S60 -05 range, the D5244T was labelled 'D5', and subsequently the D5244T5 was labelled '2.4D' as a (software) detuned version of the D5244T4 'D5' on the 05-09 range.