Upper Amazon Arawakan

Upper Amazonian Arawakan
Inland Northern Maipuran
Geographic distribution:	Northern Amazon
Linguistic classification:	Arawakan Northern Upper Amazonian Arawakan
Subdivisions:	Western Nawiki Eastern Nawiki Central (Orinoco) Manao
Glottolog:	`inla1264`^[1]

The Upper Amazon Maipurean languages, AKA North Amazonian or Inland Northern Maipuran, are Arawakan languages of the northern Amazon in Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, and Brazil.

Upper Amazon Arawakan is surveyed comprehensively by Henri Ramirez (2001), which includes a historical reconstruction as well.

Languages

Kaufman (1994)

Kaufman (1994) gives the following breakdown (Aikhenvald's names of branches in parentheses):

Western Nawiki (Colombian)
- Wainumá group (†)
  - Wainumá (†)
  - Mariaté (†)
  - Anauyá (†)
- Piapoko group
  - Achagua (Achawa)
  - Piapoco
  - Amarizana (†)
  - Caviyari (Cabiyarí) (†?)
- Warekena group
  - Guarequena (Warekena)
  - Mandahuaca (Mandawaka)
- Río Negro group (†)
  - Jumana (Yumana) (†)
  - Pasé (†)
  - Cawishana (†)
- Yucuna group
  - Yucuna (Jukuna)
  - Guarú (†)
Eastern Nawiki (Upper Rio Negro)
- Tariana
- Karu group
  - Kurripako (AKA Ipeka-Tapuia-Curripako)
  - Baniwa (Carútana-Baniwa)
  - Katapolítani-Moriwene-Mapanai (Kadaupuritana)
Resígaro (†?)
Central Upper Amazon (Orinoco) (†)
- Baré group (†)
  - Marawá (†)
  - Baré (†)
  - Guinao (†)
- Yavitero group (†)
  - Yavitero (†)
  - Baniva (Baniwa)
  - Maipure (†)
Manao (Middle Rio Negro) (†)
- Manao (†)
- Kariaí (Cariyai) (†)

He leaves the following Upper Amazon languages unclassified:

Shiriana (Xiriâna), Yabaána (†), Waraikú (Araikú) (†), Wiriná (†)

Aikhenvald (1999)

Aikhenvald (1999) classified a couple languages Kaufman left out (Shiriana, Yabaâna), but leaves several of his Western Nawiki languages and branches unclassified. Several languages—Maipure, Resígaro, Cawishana, Mandahuaca, and Guarequena—are moved. She treats the Yucuna, Karu (Baniwa), and Bare groups as single languages.

Western Nawiki (Colombian)
- Maipure (†)
- Resígaro (†?)
- Achagua (Achawa)
- Piapoco
- Caviyari (Cabiyarí) (†?)
- Yucuna (Jukuna) (dialect: Guarú (†))
Eastern Nawiki (Upper Rio Negro)
- Tariana
- Baniwa (Carútana-Baniwa) (dialects: Curripako, Catapolítani)
- Guarequena (Warekena)
Central Upper Amazon (Orinoco) (†)
- Mandahuaca (Mandawaka)
- Yabaâna (†)
- Baré (†) (dialect: Guinao)
- Yavitero (†)
- Baniwa of Guainia (Abane)
Manao (Middle Rio Negro) (†)
- Manao (†)
- Shiriana (Xiriâna)
- Cawishana (Kaiʃana) (†)

Unclassified (†): Wainumá, Mariaté, Anauyá, Amarizana, Jumana (Yumana), Pasé, Kariaí (Cariyai), Waraikú (Araikú), Wiriná. Cabre (Cavare) was found in the area of the Western Nawiki languages, but only a few words are known. The "Ponares language" listed in Ethnologue may have been Piapoco or Achagua.

References

↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Inland Northern Maipuran". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.

Ramirez, Henri. 2001. Línguas Arawak da Amazônia Setentrional. Manaus: EDUA. 745pp.

Arawakan (Maipurean) languages

Northern

Caribbean

Palikuran

Wapishanan

Upper Amazon

Western Nawiki	Achawa Amarizana Anauyá Cabiyari (?) Cabre (?) Guarú Kawishana Mandawaca Mariaté Pasé Piapoco Resígaro (?) Warekena Waraikú (?) Wainumá Wiriná (?) Yabaâna (?) Yucuna Yumana

Eastern Nawiki	Baniwa Kurripako Tariana

Central Upper Amazon	Baré Baniwa of Guainia Guinao Maipure Marawá Yavitero

Manao	Kariaí Manao Shiriana (?)

Southern

Western	Chamicuro Yanesha'

Central Maipurean	Agavotaguerra (?) Custenau Paresí Saraveca Waura–Mehináku Yawalapití

Piro	Apurinã Iñapari Mashco Piro Piro Kanamaré

Bolivia–Parana	Baure Chané Enawené-Nawé (?) Lapachu Moxos Pauna Terêna

Campa	Asháninka Ashéninga Axininca Caquinte Machiguenga Nomatsiguenga Pucapucari

Unclassified

Macro-Arawakan

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