United States Senate elections, 1930

United States Senate elections, 1930
United States
November 4, 1930[1]

35 of the 96 seats in the United States Senate
49 seats were needed for a majority
  Majority party Minority party
 
Leader James Watson Joseph Robinson
Party Republican Democratic
Leader's seat Indiana Arkansas
Last election 56 seats 39 seats
Seats won 48 47
Seat change Decrease 8 Increase 8

  Third party
 
Party Farmer–Labor
Last election 1 seat
Seats before 1
Seats won 1
Seat change Steady

  Republican hold
  Republican gain
  Democratic hold
  Democratic gain

Majority Leader before election

James Watson
Republican

Elected Majority Leader

James Watson
Republican

The United States Senate elections of 1930 occurred in the middle of Republican President Herbert Hoover's term. With the Great Depression beginning to take hold, Republican incumbents became unpopular,[2] and Democrats picked up a net of eight seats, erasing the Republican gains from the previous election cycle. Republicans retained control of the chamber since Vice President Charles Curtis cast the tie-breaking vote.

This was the first of four consecutive Senate elections in the Depression in which Democrats made enormous gains, achieving a cumulative pick-up of 34 seats.

Gains and losses

The Republicans only gained one seat by defeating incumbent Daniel F. Steck (D-IA). The Democrats took open seats in Colorado, Illinois, Massachusetts, and West Virginia, and defeated five incumbents:

Notable freshmen were future Secretaries of State James F. Byrnes (D-SC) and Cordell Hull (D-TN).

Change in Senate composition

Before the elections

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28
D38 D37 D36 D35 D34 D33 D32 D31 D30 D29
D39 FL1 R56 R55 R54 R53 R52 R51 R50 R49
Majority → R48
R39 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 R45 R46 R47
R38 R37 R36 R35 R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29
R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28
R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8
Note:

Beginning of the next Congress

D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8
D18 D17 D16 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9
D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 D26 D27 D28
D38 O D37 O D36 O D35 O D34 O D33 D32 D31 D30 D29
D39 + D40 + D41 + D42 + D43 + D44 + D45 + D46 + D47 + FL1
Majority (with Vice President's vote)→ R48 +
R39 R40 R41 R42 R43 R44 O R45 O R46 O R47 O
R38 R37 R36 R35 R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29
R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R26 R27 R28
R18 R17 R16 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9
R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 R7 R8
Note:
  • D34 O (Louisiana seat): Democratic Senator-elect Huey Long chose not to take his Senate seat until January 25, 1932 so he could remain as Governor of Louisiana. The Republicans therefore retained the plurality of seats at the beginning of the next Congress. With Vice President Charles Curtis (R) able to cast tie-breaking votes, the Republicans would have majority control with their 48 of the 96 seats. That slim control was further weakened in the last months of the next Congress with several mid-term seat changes.
Key:
D# Democratic
FL# Farmer–Labor
R# Republican
 
Incumbent re-elected or appointee elected to finish term
O Party hold: New senator elected from same party
+ Party gain: New senator elected from different party

Complete list of races

All races are for the Class 2 seats unless otherwise indicated. Bold states indicates link to election article.

State Incumbent Party Result Other candidates
Alabama James Thomas Heflin Democratic Disqualified from primary for supporting Herbert Hoover.
Lost general election as an independent
Democratic hold
John H. Bankhead II (Democratic) 59.7%
James Thomas Heflin (Independent) 40.3%
Arkansas Joseph Taylor Robinson Democratic Re-elected Joseph Taylor Robinson (Democratic) unopposed
Colorado Lawrence C. Phipps Republican Retired
Democratic gain
Edward P. Costigan (Democratic) 55.9%
George H. Shaw (Republican) 42.7%
Delaware Daniel O. Hastings Republican Re-elected Daniel O. Hastings (Republican) 54.5%
Thomas F. Bayard, Jr. (Democratic) 45.4%
Georgia William J. Harris Democratic Re-elected William J. Harris (Democratic) unopposed
Idaho William Borah Republican Re-elected William Borah (Republican)72.4%
Joseph M. Tyler (Democratic) 27.6%
Illinois Charles S. Deneen Republican Lost renomination
Democratic gain
James H. Lewis (Democratic) 64.0%
Ruth H. McCormick (Republican) 30.7%
Iowa Daniel F. Steck Democratic Lost re-election
Republican gain
Lester J. Dickinson (Republican) 56.3%
Daniel F. Steck (Democratic) 43.0%
Kansas
General (Class 2)
Arthur Capper Republican Re-elected Arthur Capper (Republican)61.1%
Jonathan M. Davis (Democratic) 38.9%
Kansas
Special (Class 3)
Henry J. Allen Republican Appointee lost election to finish term ending March 4, 1933
Democratic gain
George McGill (Democratic) 50.0%
Henry J. Allen (Republican) 48.0%
Kentucky
Special (Class 2)
John M. Robsion Republican Appointee lost election to finish the term ending March 4, 1931
Democratic gain
Ben M. Williamson (Democratic) 52.3%
John M. Robsion (Republican) 47.7%[3]
Kentucky
General (Class 2)
Appointee lost re-election to term starting March 4, 1931
Democratic gain
M. M. Logan (Democratic) 52.1%
John M. Robsion (Republican) 47.9%[3]
Louisiana Joseph E. Ransdell Democratic Lost renomination
Democratic hold
Huey Long (Democratic) unopposed
Maine Arthur J. Gould Republican Retired
Republican hold
Wallace H. White, Jr. (Republican) 60.9%
Frank W. Haskell (Democratic) 39.1%
Massachusetts Frederick H. Gillett Republican Retired
Democratic gain
Marcus A. Coolidge (Democratic) 54.0%
William M. Butler (Republican) 44.7%
Michigan James Couzens Republican Re-elected James Couzens (Republican) 78.2%
Thomas A. E. Weadock (Democratic) 20.9%
Minnesota Thomas D. Schall Republican Re-elected Thomas D. Schall (Republican) 37.6%
Einar Hoidale (Democratic) 36.1%
Ernest Lundeen (Farmer–Labor) 22.9%
Mississippi Pat Harrison Democratic Re-elected Pat Harrison (Democratic) unopposed
Montana Thomas J. Walsh Democratic Re-elected Thomas J. Walsh (Democratic) 60.3%
Albert J. Galen (Republican) 37.9%
Nebraska George W. Norris Republican Re-elected George W. Norris (Republican) 56.8%
Gilbert M. Hitchcock (Democratic) 39.7%
New Hampshire Henry W. Keyes Republican Re-elected Henry W. Keyes (Republican) 57.9%
Albert W. Noone (Democratic) 41.9%
New Jersey
Special (Class 2)
David Baird, Jr. Republican Appointee retired
Winner elected to finish the term ending March 4, 1931
Republican hold
Dwight W. Morrow (Republican) 59.1%
Alexander Simpson (Democratic) 38.6%[4]
New Jersey
General (Class 2)
Appointee retired
Winner elected to the next term starting March 4, 1931
Republican hold
Dwight W. Morrow (Republican) 58.5%
Alexander Simpson (Democratic) 39.0%[4]
New Mexico Sam G. Bratton Democratic Re-elected Sam G. Bratton (Democratic) 58.6%
Herbert B. Holt (Republican) 41.2%
North Carolina Furnifold McLendel Simmons Democratic Lost renomination
Democratic hold
Josiah W. Bailey (Democratic) 60.6%
George M. Pritchard (Republican) 39.4%
Ohio
Special (Class 3)
Roscoe C. McCulloch Republican Appointee lost election to finish term ending March 4, 1933
Democratic gain
Robert J. Bulkley (Democratic) 54.8%
Roscoe C. McCulloch (Republican) 45.2%
Oklahoma William B. Pine Republican Lost re-election
Democratic gain
Thomas P. Gore (Democratic) 52.3%
William B. Pine (Republican) 47.5%
Oregon Charles L. McNary Republican Re-elected Charles L. McNary (Republican) 58.1%
Elton Watkins (Democratic) 27.9%
L. A. Banks (Independent) 7.4%
Pennsylvania
Special (Class 3)
Joseph R. Grundy Republican Appointee lost nomination to finish term ending March 4, 1933
Republican hold
James J. Davis (Republican) 71.5%
Sedgwick Kistler (Democratic) 25.6%
Rhode Island Jesse H. Metcalf Republican Re-elected Jesse H. Metcalf (Republican) 50.3%
Peter G. Gerry (Democratic) 49.2%
South Carolina Coleman Livingston Blease Democratic Lost renomination
Democratic hold
James F. Byrnes (Democratic) unopposed
South Dakota William H. McMaster Republican Lost re-election
Democratic gain
William J. Bulow (Democratic) 51.6%
William H. McMaster (Republican) 48.4%
Tennessee William Emerson Brock Democratic Retired
Democratic hold
Cordell Hull (Democratic) 71.3%
Paul E. Divine (Republican) 27.1%
Texas Morris Sheppard Democratic Re-elected Morris Sheppard (Democratic) 86.9%
D. J. Haesly (Republican) 12.7%
Virginia Carter Glass Democratic Re-elected Carter Glass (Democratic) 76.7%
J. Cloyd Byars (Independent) 17.9%
Joe C. Morgan (Socialist) 5.4%
West Virginia Guy D. Goff Republican Retired
Democratic gain
Matthew M. Neely (Democratic) 61.9%
James E. Jones (Republican) 37.9%
Wyoming
Special (Class 2)
Patrick Joseph Sullivan Republican Retired

Republican hold
Robert D. Carey (Republican) 58.8%
Henry H. Schwartz (Democratic) 41.2%[5]

See also

References

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