U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state

Minimum legal drinking age as of 1969 (two years before the 26th Amendment was passed):
  Minimum age is 21
  Minimum age is 20
  Minimum age is 19 and 21
  Minimum age is 19
  Minimum age is 18 and 21
  Minimum age is 18
Minimum legal drinking age as of 1975 (when almost all states had their lowest age limit):
  Minimum age is 21
  Minimum age is 20
  Minimum age is 19 and 21; see below
  Minimum age is 19
  Minimum age is 18 and 21; see below
  Minimum age is 18
Minimum legal drinking age as of 1983 (one year before the Drinking Age Act of 1984 was passed):
  Minimum age is 21
  Minimum age is 20
  Minimum age is 19 and 21
  Minimum age is 19
  Minimum age is 18 and 21
  Minimum age is 18

The alcohol laws of the United States regarding minimum age for purchase have changed over time. The history is given in the table below. Unless otherwise noted, if different alcohol categories have different minimum purchase ages, the age listed below is set at the lowest age given (e.g. if the purchase age is 18 for beer and 21 for wine or spirits, as was the case in several states, the age in the table will read as "18", not "21"). In addition, the purchase age is not necessarily the same as the minimum age for consumption of alcoholic beverages, although they have often been the same.

As one can see in the table below, there has been much volatility in the states' drinking ages since the repeal of Prohibition in 1933. Shortly after the ratification of the 21st amendment in December, most states set their purchase ages at 21 since that was the Voting age at the time. Most of these limits remained constant until the early 1970s. From 1969 to 1976, some 30 states lowered their purchase ages, generally to 18. This was primarily because the voting age was lowered from 21 to 18 in 1971 with the 26th amendment, a lot of states started to lower their minimum drinking age in response most of it occurring in 1972 or 1973.[1][2][3] Twelve states kept their purchase ages at 21 since repeal of Prohibition and never changed them.

From 1976 to 1983, several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 (or, less commonly, 20 or 21), in part to combat drunk driving fatalities. In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10% of their federal highway funds. By mid-1988, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 (but not Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands, see Additional Notes below). South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate. The current drinking age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans, because of it being higher than the age of majority (18 in most states) and higher than the drinking ages of most other countries. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as a congressional sidestep of the tenth amendment. Although debates have not been highly publicized, a few states have proposed legislation to lower their drinking age,[4] while Guam has raised its drinking age to 21 in July 2010.[5]

State Pre-Prohibition
(prior to 1919) 		Post-Prohibition
(after 1933) 		1970s / 26th Amendment
(adopted in 1971) 		1980s /
Drinking Age Act of 1984 		21st century
Alabama Pre 1881:
None
1881:
21 (none with consent of parent)[6] 		21 1970:
Lowered to 19[7] 		1986:
Raised to 21[8] 		21 (no one underage is allowed consumption Section 28-1)
Alaska ? 21[7] 1970:
Lowered to 19[9] 		1984:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause (if born before January 1, 1965)[10][11]		 21
Arizona ? 21[11] 1972:
Lowered to 19[12][13] 		1985:
Raised to 21[8] 		21
Arkansas Pre 1925:
None[7]
1925:
21[7] 		21 21[14] 21 [8] 21
California Pre 1891:
Regulated by municipality/county (common age was 16)[15][16][17]
1891:
18 (statewide)[18] 		1933:
21[7] 		21 21 [8] 21 (except small amounts for religious ceremonies)
Colorado None[11] 1945:
18: for beer
21: for wine and liquor[7] 		18 [19] Raised to 21 in 1987 [8] 21
Connecticut ? 21 [11] 1972:
Lowered to 18[20]		 1982:
Raised to 19
1983:
Raised to 20
1985:
Raised to 21[21] 		21(exemptions a person over age eighteen who is an employee or permit holder under section 30-90a and who possesses alcoholic liquor in the course of such person’s employment or business, (2) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor on the order of a practicing physician, or (3) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor while accompanied by a parent, guardian or spouse of the minor, who has attained the age of twenty-one. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to burden a person’s exercise of religion under section 3 of article first of the Constitution of the state in violation of subsection (a) of section 52-571b.[22]
Delaware ? 21 [11] 1972:
Lowered to 20[13] 		1984:
Raised to 21[8] 		21
District of Columbia ? 18: for beer and wine[11]
21: for liquor[23][24] 		18: for beer and wine[13][24]
21: for liquor 		1986:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause.[25][26] 		21
Florida ? 18[7] 1972:
19 [27] 		1985:
Raised to 21 with grandfather clause [27] 		21 [28]
Georgia ? 21 [11] 1972:
Lowered to 18[12] 		1984:
Raised to 19[14]
1985:
Raised to 20[14]
1986:
Raised to 21[14] 		21
Hawaii ? 21[7] 1972:
Lowered to 18[13] 		1986:
Raised to 21[8] 		21
Idaho ? 20: for beer[29][30]
21: for wine and liquor[11][31] 		1972:
Lowered to 19 (all)[13][32] 		1987:
Raised to 21 in 1987 (Apr 11) with grandfather clause[8][33] 		21
Illinois 1872:
Age of majority
(none with written consent of parent)[34] 		pre 1961: Age of majority 1961: Raised to 21 [35] 1973:
Lowered to 19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[36] 		1980:
Raised to 21[37] 		21
Indiana ? Post-1934:
21[7] 		21[14] 21[8] 21
Iowa ? 21[7] 1972:
Lowered to 19 in 1972 (Jul 1)
1973:
Lowered to 18 in 1973 (Jul 1)
1978:
Raised to 19 in 1978 (Jul 1)[38] 		1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Jul 1) with grandfather clause.[14][38] 		21
Kansas ? 1949:
18: for beer and wine with less than 4% ABV
21: for liquor[7] 		18: for beer and wine with less than 4% ABV[14]
21: for beer and wine with 4% ABV or more[14]
21: for liquor[14][19] 		1985:
Raised to 21[8] 		21 (However, anyone under 21 may consume cereal malt beverages with parental supervision on their own property)
Kentucky ? 1938:
21[7] 		21[14] 21[8] 21
Louisiana ? As of 1948:
18[13] 		18[19] 1987:
Raised to 21 de jure in 1987,[8]
but de facto age was still 18 until 1995 due to a sale loophole.
1995:
De facto age raised to 21 in 1995 when loophole was closed.[39]
1996:
In 1996, briefly lowered by Louisiana Supreme Court to 18 until it reversed its decision, raising to 21 three months later.[40]
Other exceptions still remain.[41] 		21
Maine ? 21[7]
1969:
Lowered to 20 		1972:
Lowered to 18[12]
1977:
Raised to 20[8][42] 		1985:
Raised to 21[8] 		21
Maryland ? 21[7] 1974:
Lowered to 18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[43][44] 		1982:
Raised to 21[8][45] 		21(however anyone can drink when parents, spouses, teachers are present)
Massachusetts ? 21 [11] 1973:
Lowered to 18
1979:
Raised to 20 in 1979 (Apr 16)[46][47][48] 		Raised to 21 in 1985 [8] 21
Michigan ? 21[7] 1972:
Lowered to 18 in 1972 (Jan 1)[49] 		1978:
Raised to 19 in 1978 (Dec 3)[50][51]
1978:
Raised to 21 in 1978 (Dec 21), 18 days later.[8]
First state to raise age to 21 since it was lowered 		21
Minnesota ? 21 [11] 1973:
Lowered to 18
1976:
Raised to 19[52]
First state to raise age after lowering.		 1986:
Raised to 21[53] 		21
Mississippi ? 1966:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[7]
(alcohol not legalized until 1966) 		18[19] Raised to 21 in 1986 [8] 21
Missouri ? 1945:
21[7] 		21 21 [8] 21
Montana ? 21 [11] 1971:
Lowered to 19[54]
1973:
Lowered to 18[55][56]
1979:
Raised to 19 		1987:
Raised to 21[8][57] 		21
Nebraska ? 21[58]
1969:
Lowered to 20 		1972:
Lowered to 19[58] 		1980:
Raised to 20[14]
1985:
Raised to 21[14] 		21
Nevada ? 1933:
21[7] 		21 21[8] 21
New Hampshire ? 21[11] 1973:
Lowered to 18[59]
1979:
Raised to 20 		1985:
Raised to 21[8][21] 		21
New Jersey Before 1880:
None
Post-1880:
18 (penalties only against businesses)[60][61][62] 		21 1973:
Lowered to 18 [12] 		1980:
Raised to 19
1983:
Raised to 21[8][63] 		21
New Mexico ? 1934:
21[7] 		21[14] 21[8] 21
New York 21 18[64] 18 1982:
Raised to 19 in 1982 (Dec)
1985:
Raised to 21 in 1985 (Dec)[21][65][66] 		21
North Carolina ? 18[11] 18: for beer and wine[19]
21: for liquor 		1983:
19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor
1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Sep 1)[8][26] 		21
North Dakota ? 1936:
21[7] 		21[14] 21 [67] 21
Ohio ? 1935:
18: for 3.2 ABV beer
21: for >3.2 ABV beer, wine and liquor[68] 		18: for 3.2 ABV beer
21: for >3.2 ABV beer, wine and liquor 		1982 (Aug. 19 to Oct. 1):
19: for 3.2 ABV beer[14]
21: for >3.2 ABV beer, wine and liquor[14]
1982 (From Oct. 1):
19: beer
21: wine and liquor[69]
1988:
21[14] 		21
Oklahoma ? Men:
21
Women:
18: 3.2% ABV beer
21: for beer >3.2% ABV, wine and liquor[70] 		1976:
Lowered to 18 (3.2% beer) for both sexes in 1976 (Dec) [71]
Last state to lower the drinking age. 		1983:
Raised to 21[11][72] 		21
Oregon ? 1933:
21[7] 		21 21 [8] 21
Pennsylvania ? 1935:
21[7] 		21 21 [8][51] 21
Rhode Island ? 21[11] 1970:
Lowered to 18[12][73]		 1980:
Raised to 19
1981:
Raised to 20
1984:
Raised to 21[21] 		21
South Carolina 21[74] 1935:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[7] 		18: for beer and wine[19]
21: for liquor 		1984:
19: for beer and wine[7]
21: for liquor
1986:
Raised to 21[8] 		21
South Dakota ? 1934:
21 (all)
1939:
Lowered to 18: for 3.2% beer
Raised to 19: for 3.2% beer[75] 		1972:
18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[13] 		1984:
19: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[8]
1988:
Raised to 21[57] 		21
Tennessee Pre 1881:
None
1881:
21[76] 		21[7]
1964:
Lowered to 18[7] 		1979:
Raised to 19 		1984:
Raised to 21[8] 		21
Texas Pre 1909:
21
None (with written permission of parent or guardian)
Post 1909:
21[77][78] 		21[7] 1973:
Lowered to 18[79] 		1981:
Raised to 19[80]
1986:
Raised to 21 in 1986 (Sep 1)[8][26] 		21
Utah ? 1935:
21[7] 		21[14] 21 [8] 21
Vermont ? 21[7] 1971:
Lowered to 18[81][82] 		1986:
Raised to 21[21][82] 		21
Virginia ? 21[83] 1974:
Lowered to 18: for beer and wine
(21: for liquor remained)[83]		 1981:
Raised to 19 for off-premises consumption
1983:
Raised to 19 (all beer)
1985:
Raised to 21[83] 		21
Washington "Age of majority"
since 1877 [84]		 21 21 21 [8] 21
West Virginia ? 18: for beer and wine
21: for liquor[11] 		1972:
Lowered to 18 (all)[85] 		1983:
Raised to 19
(& 21 for non-residents)[8][42]
1986:
Raised to 21[8] 		21
Wisconsin 1839–1866:
18: for wine and liquor
None: for beer
Post-1866:
21 (all)[86] 		18: for beer
21: for wine and spirits
1957:
21: for residents of bordering states with age limit 21.[87]
1963:
Raised to 21 (off-premises beer sales, remained 18 for on-premises).[87] 		1972:
Lowered to 18 (all) in 1972 (Mar)[87]
1977:
Border state restriction lifted.[87]		 1984:
Raised to 19
1986:
Raised to 21[87] 		21 (however anyone can drink when parents, spouses, teachers are present)
Wyoming ? 21[7] 1973:
Lowered to 19[13] 		1988:
Raised to 21 in 1988 (Jul 1)[88][89]
Last state to raise de jure drinking age to 21 		21
American Samoa ? ? ? 21? 21 [90]
Northern Mariana Islands – – ? 21? 21 [91]
Puerto Rico ? 18 18 Kept at 18
despite 10% highway funding
penalty under Drinking Age Act. 		18 [92]
Virgin Islands ? ? ? 18 18 [93]
Guam ? 21? 18 18 Raised to 21
in 2010 (Jul 8) [5]

Additional notes

References

  1. ↑ "NIH Fact Sheets - Underage Drinking". Report.nih.gov. 2013-03-29. Retrieved 2016-09-10.
  2. ↑ Johnson, Hunter. "Lowered Drinking Age of the 1970's | history 128 blog". History128.web.unc.edu. Retrieved 2016-09-10.
  3. ↑ Toomey, Traci L.; Nelson, Toben F.; Lenk, Kathleen M. (2009). "The age-21 minimum legal drinking age: a case study linking past and current debates". Addiction. 104 (12): 1958–65. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02742.x. PMID 19922564.
  4. ↑ Keen, Judy (2008-04-01). "States weigh lowering drinking age". Usatoday.com. Retrieved 2009-09-06.
  5. 1 2 The Drinking Age On Guam Is Now 21, Pacific News Center, July 8, 2010.
  6. ↑ "Birmingham Iron Age: § 4205 Code of Alabama". bplonline.cdmhost.com. Birmingham Public Library. 1881. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 "A Statistical Analysis of the Effects of a Uniform Minimum Drinking Age" (PDF). ntl.bts.gov. April 1987. Retrieved 2014-11-17.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 "MLDA21 Law Effective Data-NHTSA". Nhtsa.dot.gov. Retrieved 2009-09-06.
  9. ↑ "The Effects of Government Regulation on Teenage Vehicle Mortality, McCornac, 1982". Papers.ssrn.com. 2004-07-07. Retrieved 2009-09-06.
  10. ↑ "Petersburg Pilot, Petersburg, Alaska: NEW DRINKING AGE". nber.org. Petersburg Public Library. October 19, 1983. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
  11. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 "Does the Minimum Drinking Age Save Lives? Jeffrey A. Miron and Elina Tetelbaum, 2007". Nber.org. 2007-07-12. Retrieved 2009-09-06.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 New York Times, December 4, 1972, "State Braces for Lowering Drinking Age to 18 Jan. 1" (NYT online archive)
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 National Transportation Safety Board, 1982
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 MINIMUM DRINKING AGE LAWS, 1990
  15. ↑ "Daily Alta California, Volume 42, Number 14092: SELLING LIQUOR TO MINORS". cdnc.ucr.edu. California Digital Newspaper Collection. 1888. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  16. ↑ "Daily Alta California, Volume 42, Number 13780: Selling Liquor to Minors.". cdnc.ucr.edu. California Digital Newspaper Collection. 1887. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  17. ↑ "Daily Alta California, Volume 37, Number 12646: THE NEXT GRAND JURY.". cdnc.ucr.edu. California Digital Newspaper Collection. 1884. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  18. ↑ "San Francisco Call, Volume 69, Number 144: NO LIQUOR FOR MINORS.". cdnc.ucr.edu. California Digital Newspaper Collection. 1891. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Behavioral Policies and Teen Traffic Safety, Thomas Dee and William Evans, 2001
  20. ↑ OLR Research Report-Lowering the Drinking Age, 2009. Cga.ct.gov. Retrieved on 2011-06-22.
  21. 1 2 3 4 5 U.S. Department of Transportation final report (DOT HS 809 348) "Determine Why There Are Fewer Young Alcohol-Impaired Drivers," section III.B., "What happened: regional & state experience."
  22. ↑ "Chapter 545 - Liquor Control Act". Cga.ct.gov. Retrieved 2016-09-10.
  23. 1 2 "D.C. debate continuing on alcohol". Sarasota Herald-Tribune. UPI. September 29, 1966. p. 10C.
  24. 1 2 3 "Bill filed to lower drinking age to 18". The Day. New London, CT. January 22, 1971. p. 9.
  25. ↑ "D.C. to get new drinking age". Lawrence Journal-World. Associated Press. September 24, 1986. p. 22.
  26. 1 2 3 "Texas and North Carolina Raise Drinking Age to 21". New York Times. Associated Press. September 1, 1986.
  27. 1 2 "For Some, New Drinking Law Hard To Swallow". sun-sentinel.com. June 30, 1985. Retrieved 2015-05-28.
  28. ↑ "Florida Alcohol Laws". Alcohollaws.org. Retrieved 2016-09-10.
  29. ↑ "Bills lower drinking age to 19 in Idaho". Spokesman-Review. Associated Press. March 18, 1972. p. 1.
  30. ↑ "Idaho gears for younger drinkers". Deseret News. UPI. June 26, 1972. p. 8C.
  31. ↑ "Idaho's legislature: Young jurors". Lewiston (ID) Morning Tribune. January 18, 1972. p. 3.
  32. ↑ "Taverns await new customers: age drops to 19". Lewiston Morning Tribune. June 30, 1972. p. 20.
  33. ↑ "Idaho drinking: new law will allow some under 21 to keep imbibing". Spokane Chronicle. April 10, 1987. p. 3.
  34. ↑ "The new Northwest. (Portland, Or.) 1871-1887, March 15, 1872, Image 4: The Illinois Temperance Law.". oregonnews.uoregon.edu. University of Oregon Libraries. Retrieved November 1, 2015.
  35. ↑ Chicago Daily Tribune, August 3, 1961, "Girl, 19, sues for right to have a drink" (ProQuest archive)
  36. ↑ Chicago Tribune, June 14, 1973, "Beer at 19 Signed by Walker." (ProQuest archive)
  37. ↑ "History of DUI Laws In Illinois", Illinois Secretary of State website
  38. 1 2 State of Iowa Alcoholic Beverages Division, Historical Highlights
  39. 1 2 3 Bragg, Rick (1996-03-23). "Louisiana Stands Alone on Drinking at 18". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-09-06.
  40. 1 2 AP (1996-07-03). "Louisiana Court Upholds Drinking Age of 18". New York Times. Retrieved 2009-09-06.
  41. 1 2 3 Exceptions to Minimum Age of 21 for Possession of Alcohol as of January 1, 2010, Alcohol Policy Information System
  42. 1 2 "Drinking ages set by the states". New York Times. June 27, 1984.
  43. ↑ The Years of the Rat. Magazine.loyola.edu (2009-08-18). Retrieved on 2011-06-22.
  44. ↑ Effects of Drunk Driving. Drivingdrunk.org. Retrieved on 2011-06-22.
  45. ↑ "Maryland increases drinking age to 21". Gettysburg Times. Associated Press. February 26, 1982. p. 3.
  46. ↑ "Legal drinking age going up". Eugene Register-Guard. Associated Press. April 15, 1979. p. 16A.
  47. ↑ "Senate of Massachusetts Sets 19 as Drinking Age". New York Times. February 18, 1979.
  48. ↑ Hingson, RW; Scotch, N; Mangione, T; Meyers, A; Glantz, L; Heeren, T; Lin, N; Mucatel, M; Pierce, G (1983). "Impact of legislation raising the legal drinking age in Massachusetts from 18 to 20". American Journal of Public Health. 73 (2): 163–170. doi:10.2105/AJPH.73.2.163. PMC 1650505Freely accessible. PMID 6849474.
  49. ↑ Chicago Daily Defender, January 4, 1972, "Drinking age lowered in Michigan" (ProQuest archive).
  50. ↑ 1978 State Ballot Issues. (PDF) . Retrieved on 2011-06-22.
  51. 1 2 Daily Collegian, March 16, 1979, "Pennsylvania drinking age follows national trend." (Penn State library ActivePaper online archive )
  52. ↑ Resources on Minnesota Legislative Issues, Legal Age in Minnesota, 2009. Leg.state.mn.us. Retrieved on 2011-06-22.
  53. ↑ Twin Cities.com, Pioneer Press, August 20, 2008 – B8 Editorial, "A lower legal drinking age?" (twincities.com website)
  54. ↑ "Montana drops drinking age to 19 for those with permit". Sarasota Herald=Tribune. Associated Press. June 28, 1971. p. 7B.
  55. ↑ "Drinking age opposed". Spokesman-Review. Associated Press. October 23, 1975. p. 14.
  56. ↑ Platform plank: Dems want to lower drinking age to 18. Helenair.com (2008-07-27). Retrieved on 2011-06-22.
  57. 1 2 New York Times, March 10, 1987, "Drinking age is fiery issue in West" (ProQuest archive).
  58. 1 2 "Drinking Age History", Nebraska Liquor Control Commission
  59. ↑ AlcoholEdu: Above the Law. The Dartmouth Review 2002 Archived December 4, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
  60. ↑ P.L. 1880, p.176.
  61. ↑ P.L.1888, p.253.
  62. ↑ P.L.1908, p.376.
  63. ↑ "THE REGION - Drinking Age of 21 Gains in Jersey". NYTimes.com. New Jersey. 1982-06-11. Retrieved 2016-09-10.
  64. ↑ Barbanel, Josh (May 28, 1984). "Raising New York Drinking Age to 21". New York Times.
  65. ↑ "Drinking Age of 21 Gains in Jersey". New York Times. June 11, 1982. Retrieved 2010-01-30. "New York will raise its legal age of 18 to 19 on Dec. 4.
  66. ↑ "New York raising its drinking age to 21 in December". New York Times. June 19, 1985. Retrieved 2012-08-20. The minimum legal drinking age in New York State is rising from 19 to 21 on Dec. 1.
  67. ↑ North Dakota Century Code TITLE 5 ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES CHAPTER 5-01-08
  68. ↑ "Daily Kent Stater, Volume LIV, Number 15: 3.2 Beer Floats into Senate". dks.library.kent.edu. Kent State University. October 17, 1968. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  69. ↑ RAY SWENSON (Staff Writer) (August 23, 1982). "Daily Kent Stater, Volume III, Number 15: New liquor law unpopular with local bar owners". dks.library.kent.edu. Kent State University. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  70. ↑ Craig v. Boren, 429 U.S. 190 (1976)
  71. ↑ Craig v. Boren, 429 U.S. 190 (1976); Atlantic Economic Journal, Volume 13, Number 1 / March, 1985, "Drinking age and the 55 MPH speed limit" by Paul M. Sommers (SpringerLink online abstract)
  72. ↑ Daily Collegian, February 9, 1984, "Lawmakers across nation debate raising legal drinking age." (Penn State library ActivePaper online archive )
  73. ↑ Rhode Island College Timeline. Ric.edu. Retrieved on 2011-06-22.
  74. ↑ "Sacramento Daily Union, Volume 85, Number 94: SOUTH CAROLINA'S LIQUOR LAW.". cdnc.ucr.edu. California Digital Newspaper Collection. 1893. Retrieved October 29, 2015.
  75. ↑ "South Dakota v. Dole". Oyez.org. Retrieved 2009-09-06.
  76. ↑ "The home journal., April 27, 1881, Image 2: The Minor Liquor Law.". chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. Library of Congress. April 27, 1881. Retrieved October 31, 2015.
  77. ↑ "The Brownsville daily herald., April 23, 1909, Image 4". chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. The Library of Congress. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
  78. ↑ "The Lubbock avalanche., September 26, 1912, Image 9". chroniclingamerica.loc.gov. The Library of Congress. Retrieved February 12, 2016.
  79. ↑ Lower drinking age to 18? 2007. M.reporternews.com. Retrieved on 2011-06-22.
  80. ↑ Winckler, Suzanne. "The Street of Vrrrrmmmms" (in "The Reporter"). Texas Monthly. Emmis Communications, January 1984. Volume 12, No. 1. ISSN 0148-7736. Start: p. 74. CITED: p. 76.
  81. ↑ "Drinking at Midd: past and present". Media.www.middleburycampus.com. Retrieved 2009-09-06.
  82. 1 2 "Health Care in Vermont Database and Timeline" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-09-06.
  83. 1 2 3 "History of the Legal Drinking Age". Abc.state.va.us. 1966-07-01. Retrieved 2009-09-06.
  84. ↑ What was the first legal drinking age in Wash.?. Blog.seattlepi.com (2009-11-09). Retrieved on 2011-06-22.
  85. ↑ Legal Age Cut to 18, New York Times, June 10, 1972
  86. ↑ Wisconsin Brief 95-3, January 1995, "The Minimum Drinking Age in Wisconsin"
  87. 1 2 3 4 5 "Wisconsin Brief 95-3, January 1995" (PDF). Retrieved 2009-09-06.
  88. ↑ "State Raises Drinking Age". New York Times. March 12, 1988.
  89. ↑ Knudson, Thomas J. "Drinking age is fiery issue in West". New York Times, March 10, 1987.
  90. ↑ Fast Facts in Samoa at Frommer's. Frommers.com. Retrieved on 2011-06-22.
  91. ↑ Marianas Visitors Authority-Trip Essentials. Mymarianas.com. Retrieved on 2011-06-22.
  92. ↑ Vieques Travel Guide. Vieques Travel Guide. Retrieved on 2011-06-22.
  93. ↑ Virgin Islands Vacation Tips. Virginislandsmap.com. Retrieved on 2011-06-22.
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