Tinea versicolor

Tinea versicolor
Classification and external resources
Specialty Dermatology
ICD-10 B36.0
ICD-9-CM 111.0
DiseasesDB 10071
MedlinePlus 001465
eMedicine derm/423
MeSH D014010
Pityriasis versicolor in a 27-years-old man and electron micrograph of his skin showing round Malassezia spores (S).[1]

Tinea versicolor (also known as dermatomycosis furfuracea,[2] pityriasis versicolor,[2] and tinea flava)[2] is a condition characterized by a skin eruption on the trunk and proximal extremities.[2] Recent research has shown that the majority of tinea versicolor is caused by the Malassezia globosa fungus, although Malassezia furfur is responsible for a small number of cases.[3][4] These yeasts are normally found on the human skin and only become troublesome under certain circumstances, such as a warm and humid environment, although the exact conditions that cause initiation of the disease process are poorly understood.[3][5]

The condition pityriasis versicolor was first identified in 1846.[6] Versicolor comes from the Latin, from versāre to turn + color.[7] It is also commonly referred to as Peter Elam's disease in many parts of South Asia.[8]

Signs and symptoms

Pityriasis versicolor commonly causes hypopigmentation in people with dark skin tones.

The symptoms of this condition include:

Pityriasis versicolor is more common in hot, humid climates or in those who sweat heavily, so it may recur each summer.[10]

The yeasts can often be seen under the microscope within the lesions and typically have a so-called "spaghetti and meatball appearance"[11] as the round yeasts produce filaments.

In people with dark skin tones, pigmentary changes such as hypopigmentation (loss of color) are common, while in those with lighter skin color, hyperpigmentation (increase in skin color) is more common. These discolorations have led to the term "sun fungus".[12]

Pathophysiology

In cases of tinea versicolor caused by the fungus Malassezia furfur, lightening of the skin occurs due to the fungus' production of azelaic acid, which has a slight bleaching effect.[13]

Diagnosis

Tinea versicolor fluorescence under Wood's lamp

Tinea versicolor may be diagnosed by a potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparation and lesions may fluoresce copper-orange when exposed to Wood's lamp.[14] The differential diagnosis for tinea versicolor infection includes:

Treatment

Treatments for tinea versicolor include:

Epidemiology

This skin disease commonly affects adolescents and young adults, especially in warm and humid climates. The yeast is thought to feed on skin oils (lipids), as well as dead skin cells. Infections are more common in people who have seborrheic dermatitis, dandruff, and hyperhidrosis.[5]

References

  1. Ran Yuping (2016). "Observation of Fungi, Bacteria, and Parasites in Clinical Skin Samples Using Scanning Electron Microscopy". In Janecek, Milos; Kral, Robert. Modern Electron Microscopy in Physical and Life Sciences. InTech. doi:10.5772/61850. ISBN 978-953-51-2252-4.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St Louis: Mosby. pp. Chapter 76. ISBN 1-4160-2999-0.
  3. 1 2 Morishita N; Sei Y. (December 2006). "Microreview of pityriasis versicolor and Malassezia species". Mycopathologia. 162 (6): 373–76. doi:10.1007/s11046-006-0081-2.
  4. Prohic A; Ozegovic L. (January 2007). "Malassezia species isolated from lesional and non-lesional skin in patients with pityriasis versicolor". Mycoses. 50 (1): 58–63. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0507.2006.01310.x. PMID 17302750.
  5. 1 2 Weedon, D. (2002). Skin pathology (2nd ed.). Churchil Livingstone. ISBN 0-443-07069-5.
  6. Inamadar AC, Palit A (2003). "The genus Malassezia and human disease". Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 69 (4): 265–70. PMID 17642908.
  7. "versicolor". Collins English Dictionary — Complete & Unabridged 10th Edition. HarperCollins Publishers. Retrieved March 2, 2013.
  8. Kaushik A, Pinto HP, Bhat RM, Sukumar D, Srinath MK (2014). "A study of the prevalence and precipitating factors of pruritus in pityriasis versicolor". Indian Dermatology Online Journal. 5 (2): 223–224. doi:10.4103/2229-5178.131141. PMC 4030364Freely accessible. PMID 24860771.
  9. "What to Avoid While Treating Tinea Versicolor". Retrieved 2013-01-05.
  10. 1 2 Pityriasis versicolor | DermNet New Zealand. Dermnetnz.org. Retrieved on 2016-10-14.
  11. "Adolescent Health Curriculum - Medical Problems - Dermatology - Papulosquamous Lesions (B4)". Retrieved 2008-12-10.
  12. "Tioconazole (Topical Route) - MayoClinic.com". Retrieved 2008-12-10.
  13. Vary JC Jr (November 2015). "Selected Disorders of Skin Appendages-Acne, Alopecia, Hyperhidrosis". The Medical Clinics of North America. 99 (6): 1195–1211. doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2015.07.003. PMID 26476248.
  14. 1 2 Likness, LP (June 2011). "Common dermatologic infections in athletes and return-to-play guidelines.". The Journal of the American Osteopathic Association. 111 (6): 373–379. PMID 21771922.
  15. Ratnavel RC, Squire RA, Boorman GC (2007). "Clinical efficacies of shampoos containing ciclopirox olamine (1.5%) and ketoconazole (2.0%) in the treatment of seborrhoeic dermatitis". J Dermatolog Treat. 18 (2): 88–96. doi:10.1080/16537150601092944. PMID 17520465.
  16. Faergemann J, Gupta AK, Al Mofadi A, Abanami A, Shareaah AA, Marynissen G (January 2002). "Efficacy of itraconazole in the prophylactic treatment of pityriasis (tinea) versicolor". Arch Dermatol. 138 (1): 69–73. doi:10.1001/archderm.138.1.69. PMID 11790169.
  17. Mohanty J, Sethi J, Sharma MK (2001). "Efficacy of itraconazole in the treatment of tinea versicolor". Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 67 (5): 240–1. PMID 17664760.
  18. Ketoconazole. Fpnotebook.com. Retrieved on 2016-10-14.
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