Timeline of Khartoum
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Khartoum, Sudan.
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by expanding it with reliably sourced entries.
See also: Omdurman and Khartoum North
19th century
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- 1821 - Settlement established by Ibrahim Pasha of Egypt.
- 1824 - "Turko-Egyptian governor Uthman Bey establishes Khartoum as a military centre."[1]
- 1826 - Ali Khurshid Pasha in power.[1][2]
- 1829 - Mosque built.[2]
- 1830 - Town becomes capital of "the Sudanese possessions of Egypt."[3]
- 1838 - Disease outbreak; capital relocated temporarily to Shendi.[4]
- 1840 - Flood.[4]
- 1841 - Flood.[4]
- 1854 - Muhammad Sa'id Pasha in power.[2]
- 1856 - Disease outbreak; capital relocated temporarily to Shendi.[4]
- 1862 - Chamber of Commerce established.[2]
- 1866 - Consulates of Austria, France, Italy, Persia, and Tuscany established.[2]
- 1869 - Flood.[5]
- 1874 - Flood.[5]
- 1878 - Flood.[4]
- 1884 - 13 March: Siege of Khartoum begins.
- 1885
- 1898
- 1899
- Town becomes capital of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan.
- Railway begins operating (Wadi Halfa-Khartoum).[3]
- Sudan Gazette (government newspaper) begins publication.[6]
20th century
- 1902
- Wellcome Tropical Research Laboratories[7] and Coptic Girls School open.
- Population: 25,000.[8]
- 1903 - Gordon Memorial College opens.[2]
- 1905 - Military academy opens.[9]
- 1909 - Blue Nile Road and Railway Bridge built to Halfaya.[2]
- 1911 - Sudan Herald begins publication.[10]
- 1912 - Cathedral Church of All Saints consecrated.[11]
- 1913 - Famine.[12]
- 1924
- 1926 - White Nile Bridge to Omdurman built.
- 1928 - Unity High School for Girls founded.
- 1946 - Flood.[5]
- 1950 - Al Khartoum Sports Club formed.
- 1952 - Acropole Hotel in business.
- 1954 - Population: 100,000 (approximate).[12]
- 1955 - Area of city: 7.9 square kilometers.[8]
- 1956
- 1 January: City becomes capital of independent Republic of Sudan.
- University of Khartoum established.[12]
- 1957
- Municipal Stadium opens.
- Khartoum American School established.
- 1960 - Bank of Sudan headquartered in Khartoum.
- 1962 - Industrial Bank of Sudan opens.
- 1965 - Population: 173,500.[14]
- 1967 - August: Arab League summit held.[1]
- 1970
- Area of city: 13.3 square kilometers.[8]
- Bank of Khartoum established.
- 1971 - National Museum of Sudan established.
- 1973
- 1974 - Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Khartoum formed.
- 1976 - Friendship Hall built.[15]
- 1977 - Oil pipeline to Port Sudan completed.
- 1978 - July - Organisation of African Unity summit held.
- 1980 - Area of city: 101.3 square kilometers.[8]
- 1983
- September: Islamic law in effect.[16]
- University of Juba relocates to Khartoum (approximate date).
- 1984
- 1985
- 1988 - Flood.[5]
- 1990 - Population: 2,360,000 (urban agglomeration).[18]
- 1991
- City becomes part of Khartoum federal state (administrative region).
- Popular Arab and Islamic Congress held in city.[19]
- 1992 - Khartoum International Airport terminal opens.
- 1993
- Khartoum Bank Group formed.
- Sudatel headquartered in Khartoum.
- 1994 - Venezuelan criminal Carlos the Jackal arrested in Khartoum.[1]
- 1995
- Khartoum Stock Exchange begins trading.[20]
- Population: 3,088,000 (urban agglomeration).[18]
- 1997 - Greater Nile Petroleum Operating Company incorporated.
- 1998
- August: Al-Shifa pharmaceutical factory in Khartoum North bombed by U.S. forces.
- Area of city: 343.8 square kilometers.[8]
- 1999
- Ibrahim Malik Islamic Center built.[17]
- Republican Palace Museum opens.
- Greater Nile Oil Pipeline in operation.
21st century
2000s
- 2000
- Khartoum Monitor newspaper begins publication.[21]
- Population: 3,505,000 (urban agglomeration).[18]
- 2005
- July: Demonstrations.
- Citizen (Juba) newspaper begins publication.[21]
- Population: 3,979,000 (urban agglomeration).[18]
- City designated an Arab Capital of Culture by Arab League/UNESCO.
- 2006
- January: African Union summit held.
- March: Arab League summit held.
- 2007 - Mac Nimir Bridge to Khartoum North built.
- 2008
- 10–12 May: City besieged by anti-government forces.
- Population: 639,598.
- 2009 - Tuti Bridge opens.
2010s
- 2010 - Population: 4,516,000 (urban agglomeration).[18]
- 2012
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Abdel Salam Sidahmed; Alsir Sidahmed (2004). "Chronology". Sudan. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-134-47947-4.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Robert S. Kramer; et al. (2013). "Khartoum". Historical Dictionary of the Sudan (4th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 247+. ISBN 978-0-8108-6180-0.
- 1 2 3 4 "Khartum", The Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.), New York: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1910, OCLC 14782424
- 1 2 3 4 5 H. R. J. Davies (1994). "A Rural 'Eye' in the Capital: Tuti Island, Khartoum, Sudan". GeoJournal. 33. JSTOR 41146238.
- 1 2 3 4 5 R.P.D. Walsh; et al. (1994). "Flood Frequency and Impacts at Khartoum since the Early Nineteenth Century". Geographical Journal. 160. JSTOR 3059609.
- ↑ "Sudan Gazette". WorldCat. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
- ↑ "Henry Wellcome's tropical medicine laboratories". London: Wellcome Trust. 2008. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Galal Eldin Eltayeb (2003). "The Case of Khartoum, Sudan". Understanding Slums: Case Studies for the Global Report 2003. United Nations Human Settlements Programme and University College London.
- ↑ Heather J. Sharkey (2003), Living with Colonialism: Nationalism and Culture in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, University of California Press, ISBN 9780520235588
- ↑ "International Coalition on Newspapers". Chicago, USA: Center for Research Libraries. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
- ↑ "Khartum and Omdurman", Egypt and the Sudan (7th ed.), Leipzig: Karl Baedeker, 1914
- 1 2 3 4 Michael R.T. Dumper; Bruce E. Stanley, eds. (2008), "Khartoum", Cities of the Middle East and North Africa, Santa Barbara, USA: ABC-CLIO
- ↑ E. N. Corbyn (1944). "The Kitchener School of Medicine at Khartoum, Sudan". Journal of the Royal African Society. 43. JSTOR 717807.
- ↑ El-Sayed El-Bushra (1979). "Some Demographic Indicators for Khartoum Conurbation, Sudan". Middle Eastern Studies. 15. JSTOR 4282756.
- ↑ ArchNet. "Khartoum". MIT School of Architecture and Planning. Archived from the original on October 2012.
- ↑ "Sudan: A Historical Perspective". Georgia, USA: Sudan.Net. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
- 1 2 "Khartoum". Islamic Cultural Heritage Database. Istanbul: Organization of Islamic Cooperation, Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "The State of African Cities 2014". United Nations Human Settlements Programme. ISBN 978-92-1-132598-0. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ↑ Barry M. Rubin (2010). Guide to Islamist Movements. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-4138-0.
- ↑ Regional Integration in Africa. OECD and African Development Bank. 2002.
- 1 2 Karen Fung (ed.). "Sudan Newspapers". Africa South of the Sahara: Selected Internet Resources. Stanford University, USA. Retrieved 28 January 2013.
- ↑ "Sudan Profile: Timeline". BBC News. Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ↑ Andreas Mehler; et al., eds. (2013). "Sudan". Africa Yearbook: Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2012. 9. Koninklijke Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-25600-2.
Further reading
- Published in the 20th century
- "Omdurman, Khartoum North, and Khartoum", Anglo-Egyptian Sudan: a compendium prepared by officers of the Sudan government, London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1905
- Ernest Alfred Wallis Budge (1906), "Khartum", Cook's Handbook for Egypt and the Sudan (2nd ed.), London: T. Cook & Son, OCLC 7434398
- Eustace A. Reynolds-Ball (1907), "Khartoum", Cairo of To-Day (5th ed.), London: Adam & Charles Black
- "Khartum". Guide to Egypt and the Sudan (5th ed.). London: Macmillan and Co. 1908.
- McLean, W. H. The planning of Khartoum and Omdurman; transactions of the Town Planning Conference, October 1910. London 1919.
- Walkley, C. E. J. The story of Khartoum, Sudan Notes and Records 18 (1935)
- Arkell, A. J. Early Khartoum. CUP, Cambridge 1949.
- Stevenson, R.C. Old Khartoum, 1821-1885. Sudan Notes and Records 47 (1966)
- Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Khartoum". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge. pp. 420+. ISBN 1884964036.
- Published in the 21st century
- Sara Pantuliano; et al. (2011), City Limits: Urbanisation and Vulnerability in Sudan: Khartoum Case Study, London: Overseas Development Institute – via International Relations and Security Network
External links
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Coordinates: 15°38′00″N 32°32′00″E / 15.633333°N 32.533333°E
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