Timeline of Hanoi

The following is a timeline of the history of Hanoi, the capital of Vietnam:

Prehistory

History of Vietnam
2879–258 BC Hồng Bàng dynasty 2879–1913 BC • Early Hồng Bàng 1912–1055 BC • Mid Hồng Bàng 1054–258 BC • Late Hồng Bàng 257–179 BC Thục dynasty 207–111 BC Triệu dynasty 111 BC–40 AD 1st Chinese domination 40–43 Trưng Sisters 43–544 2nd Chinese domination 544–602 Early Lý dynasty 602–938 3rd Chinese domination 939–967 Ngô dynasty 968–980 Đinh dynasty 980–1009 Early Lê dynasty 1009–1225 Later Lý dynasty 1225–1400 Trần dynasty 1400–1407 Hồ dynasty 1407–1427 4th Chinese domination 1407–1413 • Later Trần dynasty 1428–1788 Later Lê dynasty 1527–1592 • Mạc dynasty 1545–1787 • Trịnh lords 1558–1777 • Nguyễn lords 1778–1802 Tây Sơn dynasty 1802–1945 Nguyễn dynasty 1858–1945 French Indochina 1945 Empire of Vietnam From 1945 Republic 1945–1976 • North Vietnam (Democratic Republic of Vietnam) 1955–1975 • South Vietnam (Republic of Vietnam) From 1976 Unification of Vietnam
Further subjects Champa dynasties (192–1832) Historical capitals Prehistoric and ancient cultures List of monarchs Country's names Economic history Military history

• c. 1000 BCE — The Bronze-Age Dong Son culture of the Lac people occupies the Red River valley

Van Lang

• c. 300 BCE — According to much later sources, the area of present-day Hanoi formed part of the Giao Chỉ region of Van Lang
• c. 258 BCE — The Âu Việt, united under the Shu emigrant Shu Pan (Thục Phán), invade and conquer Van Lang

Au Lac

• c. 257 BCE — Co Loa established by Shu Pan in the present city's Dong Anh district to serve as the capital of the unified kingdom of Au Lac

Qin Empire

• 214 BCE — The First Emperor begins his campaign against the Baiyue (Bách Việt) people of the south
• 208 BCE — General Zhao Tuo (Triệu Đà) defeats Shu Pan and takes Co Loa, incorporating it into his Nanhai Commandery

Nanyue

• 204 BCE — Zhao Tuo declares his realm the independent kingdom of Nanyue (Nam Việt)
• 196 BCE — Lu Jia secures the nominal submission of Nanyue to Han
• 179 BCE — By this point, Nanyue's lands in the Red River valley have been organized as the commandery of Jiaozhi (Giao Chỉ)

Han Empire

• 111 BCE — The commander of Jiaozhi submits to Han following Lu Bode's razing of the capital Panyu, remaining in his post and beginning the "First Northern Domination" of Vietnam.
• 208 CE — Longbian (Long Biên) erected in its eponymous district
• 226 — A Roman embassy arrives

Song Empire

• 454 x 464 — Songping (Tong Binh) established by the Liu Song^[1] on the south bank of the Red River in Hanoi's Tu Liem and Hoai Duc districts

Van Xuan

• 544 — Long Biên serves as the capital of Ly Bi's realm of Van Xuan

Tang Empire

• 621 — Longbian and Songping briefly elevated to prefectural status as Longzhou and Songzhou^[2]
• 722 — Songping falls to Mai Thúc Loan^[3]
• late 8th century — Zhang Boyi erects Luocheng (La Thành, "Enclosing Wall[ed City]") in the present city's Ba Dinh district
• early 9th century — Luocheng renamed Jincheng (Kim Thành, "Golden Wall[ed City]")
• 866 — Gao Pian, the local jiedushi, expands the fortress at Jincheng and renames it Da Luocheng (Đại La Thành, "Big Enclosing Wall[ed City]")

Dai Viet

• 1010 — Luocheng renamed Thang Long with the erection of its Imperial Citadel^[4] and dedication as the capital of the Lý Dynasty.^[5]
• Quán Thánh Temple built.
• 1049 — One Pillar Pagoda built.
• 1070 — Temple of Literature built.
• 1076 — Imperial Academy established.

Medieval period

• 1225 — City becomes capital of the Trần Dynasty.
• 15th century — Temple of the Jade Mountain and Quán Sứ Temple built.
• 1408 — City renamed Dōngguān (Chinese: 東關, "Eastern Gateway"; Đông Quan in Vietnamese) by the Chinese Ming Dynasty.
• 1573 — "Foggy Lake" renamed West Lake.
• 1615 — Trấn Quốc Pagoda relocated to West Lake.
• 1656 — Láng Temple renovated.
• 1686 — Perfume Pagoda expanded.
• 1730s — Trúc Lâm Palace built at Trúc Bạch Lake.
• 1802 — Vietnamese capital relocated to Huế.^[5]
• 1812 — Flag Tower built.
• 1831 — City renamed Hà Nội (河内, "Between Rivers" or "River Interior") by Nguyễn emperor Minh Mạng.

French occupation

• 1873 — November 20: Francis Garnier of France takes citadel.^[6]
• 1874 — French concession granted per treaty.^[7]
• 1882 — French occupation begins.^[8]
• 1883
  • May 19: Battle of Cầu Giấy (Paper Bridge) fought near city.
  • August 15: Battle of Phủ Hoài fought near city.
• 1884 — L'Avenir du Tonkin French newspaper begins publication.^[9]
• 1886
  • Kinh Thien Palace built.^[4]
  • Turtle Tower built in Hoàn Kiếm Lake.
• 1887 — Banque de l'Indochine branch opens.
• 1888 — St. Joseph's Cathedral built.^[10]
• 1889 — City area expanded with land from Tho Xuong and Vinh Thuan districts.^[11]
• 1890
  • Steamboat begins operating on the Red River.^[8]
  • Racecourse opens.^[8]
• 1894 — Lanessan Hospital built for French military.
• 1898
  • Hỏa Lò Prison built.
  • Geological Museum established.^[12]
• 1900 — École française d'Extrême-Orient headquartered in Hanoi.^[13]
• 1902
  • City becomes capital of French Indochina.
  • Hanoi Railway Station opens.
  • Indochina Medical College founded.
  • Indo China Exposition Française et Internationale (world's fair) held.
  • Population: 150,000.^[14]
• 1903 — Long Biên Bridge constructed.
• 1906
  • Presidential Palace built.
  • University of Indochina established.
• 1908 — Collège du Protectorat established.
• 1910
  • Phùng Khoang Church built.
  • Museum of archaeology and ethnology organized.^[12]
• 1911 — Hanoi Opera House built.
• 1917
  • Indochinese Central Archives set up.^[12]
  • Bach Mai Airfield constructed.
• 1919 — Lycée Albert Sarraut and Bibliothèque Centrale Hanoi established.^[12]
• 1925 — Ecole des Beaux-arts d'Indochine opens.^[15]
• 1926 — Musee Louis Finot established.^[12]
• 1929 — March: Vietnamese Communist Party organized on Ham Long Street.^[16]
• 1930
  • Provisional Vietnamese Communist Party headquartered on Tho Nhuom Street.^[16]
  • Đồng tử quân youth scouting group formed.
• 1932 — Cửa Bắc Church built.
• 1934 — Hàm Long Church built.
• 1936
  • Gia Lam Airfield constructed.
  • Indochina Communist Party headquartered on Phung Hung Street.^[16]

Japanese occupation

• 1941 — December 7: Japanese occupation begins.^[16]
• 1942 — Hoan Long District (now Ba Đình District) becomes part of city.^[11]

French reoccupation

• 1945
  • Japanese occupation ends.
  • September 2: Ho Chi Minh reads the Proclamation of Independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Ba Đình Square.^[17]
  • Vietnam National University and National Library of Vietnam established.^[12]
  • Voice of Vietnam begins broadcasting.
  • Tran Van Lai becomes mayor.
• 1946
  • March 2: National Assembly meets in the Great Theatre.
  • December 19: Battle of Hanoi begins.^[18]
• 1947 — February 17: Battle of Hanoi ends; French in power.^[18]
• 1951 — Hanoi National University of Education established.

Democratic Republic of Vietnam

• 1954
  • City becomes capital of independent North Vietnam.
  • People's Open Air Theatre active.^[16]
  • Hanoi Radio begins broadcasting.
• 1955 — College of Foreign Languages founded.
• 1956 — Vietnam School of Music, University of Agriculture and Forestry, and Hanoi University of Science and Technology established.
• 1958
  • National Museum of Vietnamese History established.
  • Thanh Niên Road constructed between Trúc Bạch Lake and West Lake.
• 1959
  • Vietnam Museum of Revolution,^[12] Hanoi University of Foreign Studies, and Electricity Water Resources Academy established.
  • Vietnam Military History Museum inaugurated.^[12]
• 1960 — Foreign Trade University and Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hanoi established.
• 1961
  • Cultural College of Hanoi established.^[12]
  • School of Public Administration in operation.
• 1962 — National Archives Center #1 established.^[12]
• 1965 — Residents begin evacuating city on threat of airstrikes by United States forces.^[18]
• 1966
  • June 29: Aerial bombing outside city by United States forces.^[19]
  • Vietnam National Museum of Fine Arts inaugurated.^[12][20]
  • Le Quy Don Technical University established.
• 1967
  • Aerial bombing by U.S.; air battles between U.S. and North Vietnamese forces.^[19][21]
  • D67 underground command bunker installed at Kinh Thien Palace.^[4]
• 1968 — Hànội mói newspaper in publication.^[22]
• 1969 — Hanoi Architectural University and Foreign Language Specialized School established.
• 1970 — Vietnam Television begins broadcasting.
• 1972
  • April: Bombing by United States forces.^[18]
  • December: Aerial bombing by United States forces.^[21]
• 1974 — Central Secondary School of Archives and Office Skills established.^[12]
• 1975 — Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum inaugurated.
• 1976 — City becomes capital of Socialist Republic of Vietnam.
• 1978 — Noi Bai International Airport opens.
• 1979 — Population: 879,500.^[23]
• 1980 — Hanoi Institute of Theatre and Cinema founded.^[24]
• 1984 — Vietnam National Symphony Orchestra revived.
• 1985
  • Chương Dương Bridge built.
  • Hanoi – Amsterdam High School established.
• 1988 — Vietnam-Russia Tropical Centre headquartered in Hanoi.
• 1989 — Population: 1,089,760.^[23]
• 1990 — Ho Chi Minh Museum established.^[25]
• 1992 — Population: 1,073,760.^[26]
• 1993
  • Vietnam War Memorial erected.
  • Hanoi University of Science in operation.
  • Mai art gallery opens.^[27]
• 1995
  • Institut de la Francophonie pour l'Informatique founded.
  • Vietnamese Women's Museum dedicated.^[12]
• 1997
  • Vietnam Museum of Ethnology opens.^[12]
  • November: Organisation internationale de la Francophonie summit held.^[16]
• 1998
  • March 24: Turtle sighting in Hoàn Kiếm Lake.^[28]
  • Hàng Đẫy Stadium opens.
• 1999 — Population: 1,523,936.^[23]

21st century

• 2001 — Trang Tien Plaza (shopping center) in business.
• 2002 — National Archives Center #3 opens.^[12]
• 2003
  • Mỹ Đình National Stadium opens in Từ Liêm District.
  • November: City hosts meeting of Asian Network of Major Cities 21.
• 2005 — Hanoi Securities Trading Center launched.
• 2006
  • Vietnam National Convention Center built in Từ Liêm District.
  • FPT University established.
  • November: Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation meeting held.
• 2008
  • Hanoi Capital Region created to include 29 districts; population expands to 6,232,940.
  • Thanh Trì Bridge and Vĩnh Tuy Bridge constructed.
  • Ba Dinh Hall demolished.
• 2009 — October–November: 2009 Asian Indoor Games held.
• 2010
  • July: 2010 Asian Junior Athletics Championships held.
  • October: Millennial Anniversary of Hanoi.
  • Hanoi Museum opens.
• 2011 — Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower built.

See also

• Districts of Hanoi
• List of Buddhist temples in Hanoi
• List of historical capitals of Vietnam
• Media of Vietnam

References

Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hanoi.

Years in Vietnam (1945–present)
1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

Hanoi
Urban districts	Ba Đình North Từ Liêm Cầu Giấy Đống Đa Hà Đông Hai Bà Trưng Hoàn Kiếm Hoàng Mai Long Biên South Từ Liêm Tây Hồ Thanh Xuân
Provincial towns	Sơn Tây
Rural districts	Ba Vì Chương Mỹ Đan Phượng Đông Anh Gia Lâm Hoài Đức Mê Linh Mỹ Đức Phú Xuyên Phúc Tho Quốc Oai Sóc Sơn Thạch Thất Thanh Oai Thanh Trì Thường Tín Ứng Hòa