Tidal triggering of earthquakes

Amplitude of the ocean tide at Golden Gate Bridge for five weeks in 1970. Brackets indicate seismic window periods as defined by Jim Berkland.[1]

Tidal triggering of earthquakes is the idea that tidal forces may induce seismicity.

In connection with earthquakes, syzygy refers to the idea that the combined tidal effects of the sun and moon – either directly as earth tides in the crust itself, or indirectly by hydrostatic loading due to ocean tides[2] – should be able to trigger earthquakes in rock that is already stressed to the point of fracturing, and therefore more earthquakes should occur at times of maximal tidal stress, such as at the new and full moons. Indeed, recent work has concluded that "large earthquakes are more probable during periods of high tidal stress".[3]

Previously, scientists have searched for such a correlation for over a century, but with the exception of volcanic areas (including mid-ocean spreading ridges)[4] the results have been mixed.[5] It has been suggested that some negative results are due to failure to account for tidal phase and fault orientation (dip),[6] while "many studies reporting positive correlations suffer from a lack of statistical rigor."[7] One systematic investigation found "no evidence for an increase in seismicity during intervals of large tidal range but there is clear evidence for small but significant increase in earthquake rates near low tide"; it did not find an increase of earthquakes near peak spring tides.[8] Seismicity is favored at low tides, particularly for reverse faults, because unloading unclamps the fault, reducing friction. Ocean loading has no effect at all on strike-slip faults.[9]

Research work has shown a robust correlation between small tidally induced forces and non-volcanic tremor activity.[10] Volcanologists use the regular, predictable Earth tide movements to calibrate and test sensitive volcano deformation monitoring instruments. The tides may also trigger volcanic events. [11] [12]

See also

Notes

Sources

  • Sottili, G.; Martino, S.; Palladino, D.M.; Paciello, A.; Bozzano, F. (2007), "Effects of tidal stresses on volcanic activity at Mount Etna, Italy", Geophysical Research Letters, 34 (L01311), Bibcode:2007GeoRL..34.1311S, doi:10.1029/2006GL028190 .
This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 10/1/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.