Thermal fluids
Thermal fluids or Thermofluids[1][2] is a branch of science and engineering divided into four sections:
The term consists of two words: "thermal", meaning heat, and "fluids", which refers to liquids, gases and vapors. Pressure, volume, and density all play an important role in thermal fluids. Temperature, flow rate, phase transition and chemical reactions may also be important in a thermal fluids context.
Heat Transfer
Heat transfer is a discipline of thermal engineering that concerns the transfer of thermal energy from one physical system to another. Heat transfer is classified into various mechanisms, such as heat conduction, convection, thermal radiation, and phase-change transfer. Engineers also consider the transfer of mass of differing chemical species, either cold or hot, to achieve heat transfer.
Sections include :
- Energy transfer by heat, work and mass
- Laws of thermodynamics
- Entropy
- Refrigeration Techniques
- Properties and nature of pure substances
Applications
- Engineering : Predicting and analysing the performance of machines
Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is the science of energy conversion involving heat and other forms of energy, most notably mechanical work. It studies and interrelates the macroscopic variables, such as temperature, volume and pressure, which describe physical, thermodynamic systems.
Fluid Mechanics
Fluid Mechanics the study of the physical forces at work during fluid flow. Fluid mechanics can be divided into fluid kinematics, the study of fluid motion, and fluid dynamics, the study of the effect of forces on fluid motion, which can further be divided into fluid statics, the study of fluids at rest, and fluid kinetics, the study of fluids in motion. Some of its more interesting concepts include momentum and reactive forces in fluid flow and fluid machinery theory and performance.
Sections include:
- Fluid flow and continuity
- Momentum in fluids
- Static and dynamic forces on a boundary
- Laminar and turbulent flow
- Metacentric height and vessel stability
Applications
- Pump Design.
- Hydro-Electric Power Generation.
- Naval Architecture.
Combustion
Combustion is the sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat and conversion of chemical species. The release of heat can result in the production of light in the form of either glowing or a flame. Fuels of interest often include organic compounds (especially hydrocarbons) in the gas, liquid or solid phase.