The Travels of Lao Can
| Author | Liu E |
|---|---|
| Original title | 老殘遊記 |
| Country | Late Qing Dynasty |
| Language | Chinese |
Original text | 老殘遊記 at Chinese Wikisource |
The Travels of Lao Can (simplified Chinese: 老残游记; traditional Chinese: 老殘遊記; pinyin: Lǎo Cán Yóujì; Wade–Giles: Lao Ts'an yu-chi, or "The Travels of an old wreck") was a novel by Liu E (1857-1909), written in 1903-04[1] and published in 1907. Thinly disguising his own views in those of the physician hero, Liu describes the rise of the Boxers in the countryside, the decay of the Yellow River control system, and the hypocritical incompetence of the bureaucracy. The novel, a social satire[2] that showed the limits of the old elite and officialdom, was an immediate success. The novel serves as an in-depth look into the everyday lives of "peasantry" in the late Qing period.[3]
The first 13 chapters were serialized in the bi-weekly Xiuxiang Xiaoshuo (simplified Chinese: 绣像小说; traditional Chinese: 繡像小說; pinyin: Xiùxiàng Xiǎoshuō; Wade–Giles: Hsiu-hsiang Hsiao-shuo; literally "Illustrated Fiction" or "Fiction Illustrated") from March 1903 to January 1904, in issues 9 through 18. It was later printed in the Tianjin Riri Xinwen Bao (simplified Chinese: 天津日日新闻报; traditional Chinese: 天津日日新聞報; pinyin: Tiānjīn Rìrì Xīnwén Bào; Wade–Giles: T'ien-Chin Jih-Jih Shin-Wen Pao; literally: "Tientsin Daily News"[4]) in a 20 chapter version with a prologue included.[5]
Plot
In the prologue Lao Can (T: 老殘, S: 老残, P: Lǎo Cán, W: Lao Ts'an; "Old Decrepit"), a traveling medical practitioner, dreams of China being a sinking ship. After the dream ends, Lao Can goes on a journey to fix the problems experienced by China. In the story Lao Can attempts to correct injustices, change attitudes towards women, and engage in philosophical discussions about China's future.[5] Within portions of the novel Lao Can acts as a detective in several small crime-related plots.[6] Milena Doleželová-Velingerová, author of "Fiction from the End of the Empire to the Beginning of the Republic (1897-1916)", wrote that the integration of the detective subplots, "entirely dissimilar to its lyrical components," "makes the novel so innovative."[7]
Style
Referring to the use of poetry and symbolism in Travels of Lao Can, Milena Doleželová-Velingerová, author of "Fiction from the End of the Empire to the Beginning of the Republic (1897-1916)", wrote that "What sets this novel apart from the others is just this nonaction discourse, including the famous poetic descriptions of Chinese landscape, which are, however, meant to be understood not merely as images of natural beauty but as metaphorical statements about the condition of society."[7]
Analysis
Donald Holoch argued in his essay "The Travels of Laocan: Allegorical Narrative", published in The Chinese Novel at the Turn of the Century, that the entire book and not merely the prologue should be viewed as an allegory, and that if any other approach was used, the novel would lack unity.[8] In particular Holoch believes that the novel's characters and events illustrate a "complex conservatism" that concludes that technology instead of social change is the answer to the problems experienced by China. Cordell D. K. Yee, who wrote a review of The Chinese Novel at the Turn of the Century, wrote that "it is doubtful that all episodes conform" to the allegory concept.[9] Robert E. Hegel, the author of a book review of The Chinese Novel at the Turn of the Century, argues that this interpretation by Holoch is persuasive and that Holoch "makes a substantial contribution to the studies of the novel".[8]
English translations
- Liu T'ieh-yün (1952) [1907]. The Travels of Lao Ts'an. Translated by Harold Shadick. Cornell University Press.
- Liu E (1983) [1907]. The Travels of Lao Can. Translated by Yang Xianyi and Gladys Yang. Chinese Literature Press. ISBN 9780835110754.
References
- Doleželová-Velingerová, Milena. "Chapter 38: Fiction from the End of the Empire to the Beginning of the Republic (1897-1916)" in: Mair, Victor H. (editor). The Columbia History of Chinese Literature. Columbia University Press, August 13, 2013. p. 697-731. ISBN 0231528515, 9780231528511.
- Hegel, Robert E. "The Chinese Novel at the Turn of the Century" (book review). Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews (CLEAR), ISSN 0161-9705, 07/1983, Volume 5, Issue 1/2, pp. 188 – 191
- Yee, Cordell D. K. "The Chinese Novel at the Turn of the Century" (book review). Journal of Asian Studies, ISSN 0021-9118, 05/1982, Volume 41, Issue 3, p. 574
Notes
- ↑ Barbara Stoler Miller, Masterworks of Asian Literature in Comparative Perspective: A Guide for Teaching, published by M.E. Sharpe, 1994
- ↑ The Travels of Lao Can
- ↑ http://history.cultural-china.com/en/60History3805.html
- ↑ United States Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, p. 188.
- 1 2 Doleželová-Velingerová, p. 724.
- ↑ Doleželová-Velingerová, p. 725.
- 1 2 Doleželová-Velingerová, p. 724-725.
- 1 2 Hegel, p. 190.
- ↑ Yee, p. 574.
Further reading
- Holoch, Donald. "The Travels of Laocan: Allegorical Narrative" in: Doleželová-Velingerová, Milena (editor). The Chinese Novel at the Turn of the Century (Toronto: University of Toronto Press; January 1, 1980), ISBN 0802054730, 9780802054739.