Testosterone palmitate

Testosterone palmitate
Clinical data
Routes of administration	Oral, intramuscular injection
Identifiers
IUPAC name [(8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17S)-10,13-dimethyl-3-oxo-1,2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] hexadecanoate
Synonyms	Testosterone hexadecanoate; Testosterone 17β-palmitate; Androst-4-en-17β-ol-3-one 17β-palmitate
CAS Number	991-20-8
PubChem (CID)	164765
ChemSpider	144440
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C₃₅H₅₈O₃
Molar mass	526.846 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)O[C@H]1CC[C@@H]2[C@@]1(CC[C@H]3[C@H]2CCC4=CC(=O)CC[C@]34C)C
InChI InChI=1S/C35H58O3/c1-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-33(37)38-32-21-20-30-29-19-18-27-26-28(36)22-24-34(27,2)31(29)23-25-35(30,32)3/h26,29-32H,4-25H2,1-3H3/t29-,30-,31-,32-,34-,35-/m0/s1 Key:OKFBXYQPCPWWRP-SHDAAXGTSA-N

Testosterone palmitate, or testosterone hexadecanoate, also known as testosterone 17β-palmitate, as well as androst-4-en-17β-ol-3-one 17β-palmitate, is an anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) and an androgen ester – specifically, the C17β palmitate (hexadecanoate) ester of testosterone – which was never marketed.^[1]^[2]^[3] It is a prodrug of testosterone and, when administered via intramuscular injection, is associated with a long-lasting depot effect and extended duration of action.^[1]

Testosterone palmitate is a longer-chain ester of testosterone compared to testosterone undecanoate.^[1] Relative to testosterone undecanoate, testosterone palmitate shows higher oral bioavailability.^[1] However, no free testosterone was observed after administration of testosterone palmitate, suggesting that it is not hydrolyzed as well.^[1] On the other hand, another study found that testosterone palmitate was hydrolyzed in humans.^[4]

References

1 2 3 4 5 Elka Touitou; Brian W. Barry (27 November 2006). Enhancement in Drug Delivery. CRC Press. pp. 122–. ISBN 978-1-4200-0481-6.
↑ Edith Josephy; F. Radt (1 December 2013). Elsevier’s Encyclopaedia of Organic Chemistry: Series III: Carboisocyclic Condensed Compounds. Springer. pp. 3048–. ISBN 978-3-662-25863-7.
↑ United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Toxic Substances (1977). Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA): PL 94-469 : Candidate List of Chemical Substances. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Toxic Substances. pp. 315–.
↑ Dissertation Abstracts International: The sciences and engineering. University Microfilms. 1990. p. 4857.

Androgen receptor modulators

Agonists	Testosterone derivatives: 4-Androstenediol 4-Androstenedione 4-Dehydroepiandrosterone (4-DHEA) 4-Hydroxytestosterone 5-Androstenediol 5-Androstenedione 11-Ketotestosterone 11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione Adrenosterone (11-ketoandrostenedione, 11-oxoandrostenedione) Atamestane Boldenone Boldenone undecylenate Boldione (1,4-androstadienedione) Clostebol Clostebol acetate Clostebol caproate Clostebol propionate Cloxotestosterone Cloxotestosterone acetate DHEA (androstenolone, prasterone; 5-DHEA) DHEA enanthate (prasterone enanthate) DHEA sulfate Exemestane Formestane Plomestane Quinbolone Silandrone Testosterone^# Testosterone acetate Testosterone acetate butyrate Testosterone acetate propionate Testosterone benzoate Testosterone butyrate Testosterone buciclate Testosterone capropate Testosterone cyclohexylpropionate Testosterone cypionate Testosterone decanoate Testosterone diacetate Testosterone dipropionate Testosterone enanthate Testosterone formate Testosterone furoate Testosterone hexahydrobenzoate Testosterone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate Testosterone hexyloxyphenylpropionate Testosterone isobutyrate Testosterone isocaproate Testosterone isovalerate Testosterone ketolaurate Testosterone nicotinate Testosterone palmitate Testosterone phenylacetate Testosterone phenylbutyrate Testosterone phenylpropionate Testosterone phosphate Testosterone propionate Testosterone stearate Testosterone sulfate Testosterone undecanoate Testosterone valerate Dihydrotestosterone derivatives: 1-Androstenediol 1-Androstenedione 1-Androsterone (1-andro, 1-DHEA) 1-Testosterone 3α-Androstanediol 7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone 11-Ketodihydrotestosterone Androsterone Bolazine Bolazine capronate Dihydrotestosterone (androstanolone, stanolone) Dihydrotestosterone acetate Dihydrotestosterone benzoate Dihydrotestosterone butyrate Dihydrotestosterone enanthate Dihydrotestosterone formate Dihydrotestosterone propionate Dihydrotestosterone valerate Drostanolone Drostanolone propionate Epiandrosterone Epitiostanol Mepitiostane Mesabolone Mesterolone Nisterime Nisterime acetate Prostanozol Stenbolone Stenbolone acetate 19-Nortestosterone derivatives: 7α-Methyl-19-norandrostenedione (MENT dione, trestione) 11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone 11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone dodecylcarbonate 19-Nor-5-androstenediol 19-Nor-5-androstenedione Bolandiol Bolandiol dipropionate Bolandione (19-nor-4-androstenedione) Bolmantalate (nandrolone adamantoate) Dienedione Dienolone Dimethandrolone Dimethandrolone buciclate Dimethandrolone dodecylcarbonate Dimethandrolone undecanoate LS-1727 (nandrolone 17β-N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamate) Methoxydienone (methoxygonadiene) Nandrolone Nandrolone acetate Nandrolone caproate Nandrolone cypionate Nandrolone cyclohexanecarboxylate Nandrolone cyclohexylpropionate Nandrolone cyclotate Nandrolone decanoate Nandrolone formate Nandrolone furylpropionate Nandrolone hexyloxyphenylpropionate Nandrolone hydrogen succinate Nandrolone laurate Nandrolone phenylpropionate Nandrolone propionate Nandrolone sulfate Nandrolone sulfate sodium Nandrolone undecanoate Norclostebol Norclostebol acetate Normethandrone (methylestrenolone, normethisterone) Oxabolone Oxabolone cipionate (oxabolone cypionate) Trenbolone Trenbolone acetate Trenbolone enanthate Trenbolone hexahydrobenzylcarbonate Trestolone (MENT) Trestolone acetate Dihydrotestosterone and 19-nortestosterone derivatives: 5α-Dihydronandrolone 19-Norandrosterone 17α-Alkylated testosterone derivatives: Bolasterone Calusterone Chlorodehydromethylandrostenediol (CDMA) Chlorodehydromethyltestosterone (CDMT) Chloromethylandrostenediol (CMA) Enestebol Ethyltestosterone Fluoxymesterone Formebolone Hydroxystenozole Metandienone (methandrostenolone) Methandriol (methylandrostenediol) Methandriol bisenanthoyl acetate Methandriol diacetate Methandriol dipropionate Methandriol propionate Methylclostebol (chloromethyltestosterone) Methyltestosterone Oxymesterone Penmesterol Tiomesterone 17α-Alkylated dihydrotestosterone derivatives: Androisoxazole Desoxymethyltestosterone Furazabol Mebolazine (dimethazine) Mestanolone Metenolone Metenolone acetate Metenolone enanthate Methasterone Methyl-1-testosterone Methylepitiostanol Methylstenbolone Oxandrolone Oxymetholone Stanozolol 17α-Alkylated 19-nortestosterone derivatives: Bolenol Dimethyltrienolone (7α-methylmetribolone, 7α,17α-dimethyltrenbolone) Ethyldienolone Ethylestrenol Methyldienolone Methylhydroxynandrolone (MOHN, MHN) Metribolone Mibolerone Norboletone Norethandrolone Propetandrol Tetrahydrogestrinone 17α-Vinyltestosterone derivatives: Norvinisterone (vinylnortestosterone) Vinyltestosterone 17α-Ethynyltestosterone derivatives: Δ^4-Tibolone Chloroethynyl norgestrel Danazol Desogestrel Ethisterone (ethynyltestosterone) Etonogestrel Gestodene Gestrinone Levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel butanoate Norethisterone Norethisterone acetate Norethisterone acetate oxime Norethisterone enanthate Norgestrel Norgestrienone Quingestanol acetate Tibolone Progesterone derivatives: Medroxyprogesterone acetate Others/unsorted: Cl-4AS-1

Mixed (SARMs)	Non-steroidal: 198RL26 ACP-105 AC-262,356 Acetothiolutamide Andarine (acetamidoxolutamide, androxolutamide, GTx-007, S-4) BMS-564,929 Enobosarm (ostarine, MK-2866, GTx-024, S-22) FTBU-1 GSK-4336A GSK-8698 LG-121071 (LGD-121071) LGD-2226 LGD-2941 (LGD-122941) LGD-3303 LGD-4033 JNJ-26146900 JNJ-28330835 JNJ-37654032 ORM-11984 RAD140 R-1 R-2 R-3 S-1 S-23 S-40503 S-101479 Steroidal: MK-0773 TFM-4AS-1 YK-11

Antagonists	Steroidal: 3α-Hydroxytibolone 3β-Hydroxytibolone 11α-Hydroxyprogesterone 15β-Hydroxycyproterone acetate Abiraterone acetate Allyltestosterone Benorterone BOMT Canrenoic acid Canrenone Chlormadinone acetate Clometerone Cortexolone 17α-propionate (CB-03-01) Cyproterone Cyproterone acetate Delanterone Dienogest Drospirenone Edogestrone Epitestosterone Galeterone Guggulsterone Medrogestone Megestrol acetate Mespirenone Metogest Mexrenone Mifepristone Nomegestrol acetate Nordinone Osaterone Osaterone acetate Oxendolone Potassium canrenoate Prorenone Rosterolone SC-5233 (spirolactone) Spironolactone Spirorenone Topterone Trimethyltrienolone (R-2956) Zanoterone Non-steroidal: AA560 Apalutamide Atraric acid AZD-3514 BAY-1024767 Bicalutamide Bisphenols (e.g., BADGE, BFDGE, bisphenol A, bisphenol F, bisphenol S) BMS-641,988 Cimetidine Cioteronel Darolutamide DDT (via metabolite p,p’-DDE) Dieldrin DIMP Endosulfan Enzalutamide EPI-001 EPI-506 Fenarimol Flutamide Hydroxyflutamide Inocoterone Inocoterone acetate Ketoconazole Lavender oil LG-105 LG-120907 Linuron Methiocarb N-Butylbenzenesulfonamide N-Desmethylenzalutamide Nilutamide ONC1-13B ORM-15341 Pentomone PF-998425 Phenothrin Prochloraz Procymidone RU-22930 RU-58642 RU-58841 Seviteronel Thalidomide Topilutamide (fluridil) Valproic acid Vinclozolin

GPRC6A

Agonists	Cations (incl. aluminum, calcium, gadolinium, magnesium, strontium) Dehydroandrosterone Dihydrotestosterone Estradiol L-α-Amino acids (incl. L-arginine, L-lysine, L-ornithine) Osteocalcin Testosterone

See also: Estrogenics • Glucocorticoidics • Mineralocorticoidics • Progestogenics • Steroid hormone metabolism modulators • List of androgens/anabolic steroids

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