Table of voting systems by country

This table deals with voting to select candidates for office, not for the passing of legislation.

Maps

Head of state Lower (or sole) house Upper house
Single-member constituencies:

Multi-member constituencies, majoritarian:

  Block voting (BV) or mixed FPTP and BV
  Party block voting (PBV) or mixed FPTP and PBV
  Single non-transferable vote (SNTV) or mixed FPTP and SNTV
  Modified cumulative voting
  Modified Borda count

Multi-member constituencies, proportional:

 Mixed majoritarian and proportional:
  Mixed-member proportional representation (party-list PR and FPTP)
  Mixed-member proportional representation (party-list PR and TRS)
  Parallel voting (party-list PR and FPTP)
  Parallel voting (party-list PR and TRS)
  Parallel voting (party-list PR and BV or PBV)
  Parallel voting (party-list PR and SNTV)

Indirect election:

  Election by legislature
  Election by electoral college or local legislatures
  Partly election by electoral college or local legislatures and appointed by head of state


  Appointed by head of state
  No direct election
  No information

Voting systems by country

Country Body System Seats per District Total seats Threshold
Afghanistan President Two-round system
House of the People SNTV 2-33 249
Albania Assembly Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method[1] 4-32 140[2] 3% (parties) or 5% (coalitions) of votes in respective district [1]
Algeria President Two-round system[3]
People's National Assembly Party list PR: Closed lists: Largest remainder method (Hare quota)[3][4] 5-37, 2 (districts representing people abroad) [5] 462 [4] 5% of votes in respective district.[4]
Andorra General Council Parallel: Nationwide party lists / Constituency lists 14 / 2 28
Angola President FPTP
National Assembly Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method 5 per province, 130 across country, + 3 representatives from abroad 233
Antigua and Barbuda House of Representatives FPTP 1 17
Argentina President Modified Two-round system
(winner in 1st round with 45% of votes; or with 40% and a 10% lead over the second)
Chamber of Deputies Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method 5-70 (Renewed by halves) 257 3%
Senate 2 seats to most voted party or coalition, 1 seat to second most voted party or coalition (limited vote with closed lists) 3 72
Armenia President Two-round system
National Assembly Parallel: Party list PR: Largest remainder (Hare quota) / FPTP 90 / 1 131 5% (parties), 7% (coalitions)
Aruba Estates Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method[6] 21[7] 21 4,76% (One quota)
Australia Senate STV 6 (12 per state, renewed by halves), 2 per territory [8] 76
House of Representatives IRV 1 150
Austria President Two-round system
Nationalrat Party list PR: Largest remainder (Hare quota) at district and regional levels, D'Hondt method for remaining votes at national level 183 4%
Azerbaijan President FPTP
National Assembly FPTP 1 125
Bahamas House of Assembly FPTP 1 40
Bahrain Council of Representatives Two-round system 40
Bangladesh Jatiyo Sangshad FPTP 1 300 + 30 seats reserved for women
Barbados House of Assembly FPTP 1 30
Belarus President Two-round system[note 1][9][10]
House of Representatives Two-round system[note 2][9][10] 1 110
Belgium Chamber of Representatives Party list PR: flexible lists: D'Hondt method 3–22 150 5%
Belize National Assembly FPTP 1 29
Benin President Two-round system
National Assembly Party list PR: Largest remainder (24 districts) 2-5 (average 35) 83
Bermuda House of Assembly FPTP 1 36
Bhutan National Assembly FPTP 1 47
National Council FPTP (20 seats) 1 130 + 20 appointed
Bolivia President Modified Two-round system
(winner with 50% of votes or 40% and a 10% lead over the second)[11]
Chamber of Deputies MMP:
FPTP (70 seats) /
Party-list proportional representation: Closed lists: D'Hondt method (60 seats)[12]		 1 / 5-29 [13] 130 3%
Senate Party list PR: D'Hondt method[12] 4 36
Bosnia and Herzegovina Presidency of Bosnia and Herzegovina FPTP 1 3 (one each of the three major ethnic groups)
House of Representatives Party list PR: Sainte-Laguë method 14, 28 42
Botswana National Assembly FPTP 1 57 + 4 co-opted + 2 ex officio
Brazil President Two-round system
Chamber of Deputies Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method 8–70 513 1 Hare quota
Senate Bloc voting for dual-member elections, FPTP otherwise 1 or 2 (alternates each election) 81
Bulgaria President Two-round system
National Assembly Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method[14] 4–14[14] 240 4%
Burkina Faso President Two-round system
National Assembly of Burkina Faso Party list PR: Largest remainder (Hare quota) 2-16 127
Burma (Myanmar) People's Assembly (Pyithu Hluttaw) FPTP 1 440 (25% appointed by military)
National Assembly (Amyotha Hluttaw) FPTP 1 224 (25% appointed by military)
Burundi President
National Assembly Party list PR: D'Hondt method 4–11 100 + 18–21 co-opted 2%
Cambodia National Assembly coexstence: Party list PR: D'Hondt method / FPTP 1-18 123
Cameroon President Two-round system
National Assembly coexistence: FPTP in single-member constituencies; in multi-member constituencies: party with over 50% of vote gets all seats, otherwise highest party gets half, rest distributed by Largest remainder (Hare quota) 1–7 180 5%
Canada House of Commons FPTP 1 338
Cape Verde President Two-round system
National Assembly Party list PR: D'Hondt method 2-15 72
Cayman Islands Legislative Assembly coexistence: Bloc voting (16 seats) / FPTP (2 seats) 2-6 / 1 18 + 2 ex officio [15]
Central African Republic President FPTP
National Assembly Two-round system 1 105
Chad President Two-round system
National Assembly coexistence: FPTP / list-PR (largest remainder) (closed list) but if one list >50% it gets all the seats [16] 188
Chile President Two-round system
Chamber of Deputies Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method[17][18] 3-8 155 (For the next elections, currently 120)
Senate Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method[17][18] 2-5 50 (For the next elections, will be gradually expanded from the current 38)[17]
Colombia President Two-round system
Chamber of Representatives Party list PR: D'Hondt method 2–18 162
Senate Party list PR: D'Hondt method 100 + 2 (indigenous) 102
Comoros President Two-round system
Assembly of the Union Two-round system 1 24 + 9 elected by local assemblies
Republic of the Congo President Two-round system[19]
National Assembly Two-round system 153
Costa Rica President Two-round system
Legislative Assembly Party list PR: Largest remainder method 4-20 57
Croatia President Two-round system
Sabor Party list PR: D'Hondt method, plus some reserved for minorities and Croatians living abroad 14 153 5%
Cuba National Assembly of People's Power Endorsement of selected candidates 1 609
Cyprus President Two-round system
House of Representatives Party list PR: Open lists: Largest remainder (Hare quota) 3–21 80 (56 for Greek-Cypriots; 24 for Turkish-Cypriots (currently vacant)) and 3 observers from religious minorities 1.8%
Czech Republic President Two-round system
Chamber of Deputies Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method 5–25 200 5% (party), 10/15/20% (coalition of 2/3/4+ parties),
Senate Two-round system 1 81
Democratic Republic of Congo President FPTP[20]
National Assembly Party list PR: Largest remainder 1-17 500
Denmark Folketinget Party list PR: D'Hondt method (135 seats), Sainte-Laguë method (40 seats) 179 2%
Djibouti President Two-round system
National Assembly 3-35 65
Dominica House of Assembly FPTP 1 21 + 9 appointed + Speaker + 1 ex officio
Dominican Republic President Two-round system
Chamber of Deputies Party list PR: D'Hondt method 2–36 150
Senate FPTP 1 32
East Timor President Two-round system
Parliament Parallel: Largest remainder (75 seats) / FPTP (13 seats) 75 / 1 88
Ecuador President Two-round system
National Congress Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method 2–18 100
Egypt President Two-round system
House of Representatives Parallel: ... (448 seats) / Party list PR (120 seats)[21] 568 elected + 28 appointed
El Salvador President Two-round system
Legislative Assembly Party list PR: D'Hondt method 3–20 84
Equatorial Guinea President FPTP[22]
Chamber of People's Representatives Party list 80
Estonia Riigikogu Party list PR: D'Hondt method (12 districts) 5-14 (average 8.4) 101 5%
Ethiopia House of People's Representatives FPTP 1 546
Fiji House of Representatives Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method [23] 50 50 5%
Finland President Two-round system
Eduskunta (and MEPs) Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method (12 districts + 1 seat Åland FPTP) 7-35 (average 16.6) (+1 seat Åland) 200
France President Two-round system
National Assembly Two-round system 1 577
Gabon President FPTP
National Assembly Two-round system 111 + 9 appointed
Gambia President FPTP
National Assembly FPTP 1 48 + 5 appointed
Georgia President Two-round system
Parliament Parallel: Party-list / FPTP 150 5%
Germany Bundestag MMP: Sainte-Laguë / FPTP 299 / 1 598 + overhang seats 5% or 3 district seats
Ghana President Two-round system
Parliament FPTP 1 230
Greece President Elected by the parliament
Hellenic Parliament SMPR: 250 seats proportionally divided via several allocations; 50 bonus seats to the first party 42 / 1 300 3%
Grenada House of Representatives FPTP 1 15
Guatemala President Two-round system
Congress of the Republic Party list PR: D'Hondt method 29 / 1 158
Guinea President Two-round system
National Assembly Parallel: 76 Hare quota + 38 FPTP 76 / 1 114
Guinea-Bissau President Two-round system
National People's Assembly Party list (closed lists) (27 districts) 3.7 (average) 100
Guyana National Assembly Party list PR: Largest remainder (Hare quota) 53 (+12 appointed by local councils)
Haiti President Two-round system
Chamber of Deputies Two-round system 1 99
Honduras President FPTP
National Congress Party list PR: Largest remainder (Hare quota) 1-23 128
Hong Kong Legislative Council Parallel
District constituencies: Largest remainder (Hare quota)
Functional constituencies: FPTP, Bloc voting, IRV		 4–8 (District constituencies) / 1-3 (Functional constituencies) 60
Hungary National Assembly Parallel: 106 FPTP + 93 national list-PR 199 5% (10% for coalitions)
Iceland President FPTP
Alþing Party list PR: D'Hondt method 8-13 63 5%
India House of the People FPTP 1 545
Indonesia President Two-round system
People's Representative Council Party list PR: Open lists: Hare quota 3-10 560 3.5% nationially
Regional Representatives Council SNTV 4 136
Iran President Two-round system
Majlis of Iran Two-round system 290
Assembly of Experts 86
Iraq Council of Representatives Party list: open list: modified Sainte-Laguë method (18 districts = governorates) + 8 reserved for minorities 7-69 (average 17.8) 328
Ireland President IRV
Dáil Éireann STV 3–5 166[24]
Israel Knesset Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method 120 120 3.25%[25]
Italy Chamber of Deputies SMPR: 617 list-Largest remainder + 1 FPTP + 12 Largest remainder (Hare quota) for the Italians living abroad 1/45 (parties run at-large) 630 2% (parties in coalition, except that the first party below 2% in a coalition does receive seats)
4% (free parties)
10% (coalitions)
20% (parties in a single district with ethnic minorities)
Senate SMPR: 301 list-Largest remainder + 1 FPTP + 7 AMS + 6 Largest remainder (Hare quota) for the Italians living abroad 1/49 315 3% (parties in coalition)
8% (free parties)
20% (coalitions)
Ivory Coast President Two-round system
National Assembly FPTP 1 225
Jamaica House of Representatives FPTP 1 60
Japan House of Representatives Parallel: FPTP (295 seats)[26] / Party list PR (Closed list) D'Hondt method (180 seats) 6-29 / 1 475
House of Councillors Parallel: SNTV (73 seats) / Party list PR (Open list) D'Hondt method (96 seats) 1-5 / 48 (Per election) 242 (Half of the seats are up each election.)
Jordan Chamber of Deputies Parallel: each voter has one vote for one candidate in one subdistrict of his choice in the district he lives in (like SNTV), one winner per subdistrict (like FPTP) (108 seats in 45 districts including 12 seats reserved for minorities) + 15 seats reserved for women (best losers) / Party list PR (closed lists) (27 seats) 2.4 (average) / 27 150
Kazakhstan President Two-round system
Majilis Party-list 98 + 9 members elected by electoral college 7%
Kenya President FPTP
National Assembly of Kenya FPTP (210 seats) (+ 12 seats appointed by parties proportional with seats already won) 1 210 elected + 12 appointed + 2 ex officio
Kiribati President FPTP
House of Assembly Modified runoff 40 + 1 delegate from Banaba Island and 1 ex officio
Kuwait National Assembly Single non-transferable vote (1 vote for 10 seats) 10 50
Kyrgyzstan President Two-round system
Legislative Assembly Parallel: Closed-lists (15 seats) / Two-round system (45) 60
Assembly of People's Representatives 45
Laos National Assembly Bloc voting 115
Latvia Saeima Party list PR: Sainte-Laguë method 14–28 100 5%
Lebanon Chamber of Deputies Bloc voting 2-10 128
Lesotho National Assembly MMP Party list (40 seats) / FPTP (80 seats) 120
Liberia President Two-round system
House of Representatives FPTP 1 73
Senate FPTP 2 per county, 1 per election 30
Liechtenstein Diet Party list PR: Largest remainder (Hare quota) 10, 15 25 8%
Lithuania President Two-round system
Seimas Parallel: Largest remainder (70 seats) / Two-round system (71 seats) 70 / 1 141 5% (parties), 7% (coalitions)
Luxembourg Chamber of Deputies Party list PR: D'Hondt method 7-23 60
Macau Legislative Council Party list / Functional constituencies / Appointed 12 29
Macedonia President Two-round system
Assembly Party list PR: D'Hondt method 20 120
Madagascar President Two-round system[27]
National Assembly coexistence: FPTP (87 seats) / Party list PR (Closed list) Highest averages method (64 seats)[27][28] 1 / 2 151
Malawi President FPTP
National Assembly FPTP 1 194
Malaysia Dewan Rakyat FPTP 1 222
Maldives President Two-round system
Majlis FPTP 1 77
Mali President Two-round system
National Assembly Two-round system 160
Malta House of Representatives STV 5 65
Marshall Islands Legislature coexistence: FPTP (19 seats) / Bloc voting (14 seats) 1 / 2-5 33
Mauritania President Two-round system
National Assembly Parallel: 106 in 46 districts; in districts with 1-2 seats : Two-round system, in larger districts: List-PR (simple quota largest remainder; closed-list) + twice 20 nationally (one set of 20 reserved for women): List-PR (simple quota largest remainder; closed-list) 146
Mauritius National Assembly Bloc voting 2–3 62 + 8 'best losers' appointed
Mexico President FPTP
Chamber of Deputies Parallel: Largest remainder (Hare quota) (200 seats) / FPTP (300 seats) 40 / 1 500
Senate Parallel: Largest remainder (Hare quota) / winner takes 2, second takes 1 (limited vote with closed lists) 32 / 3 128
Federated States of Micronesia Congress FPTP 1 14
Moldova President Two-round system[29]
Parliament Party list PR: D'Hondt method 101 101 4%
Monaco National Council Parallel: Plurality-at-large voting in single nationwide constituency (16 seats); D'Hondt method (8 seats)[30] 24 5% (For proportional seats)[30]
Mongolia President Two-round system [31]
State Great Khural Parallel: Plurality-at-large voting (48 seats, 1-3 per district) Candidates have to get at least 28% of the votes in a district to get elected. If there are unfilled seat, a runoff is held with twice the number of candidates as there are unfilled seats / Party list PR (Closed list) Largest remainder (28 seats)

[32]

 1-3, 28 76 5% (For proportional seats)
Montenegro Parliament Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method 5, 76 81 3%
Montserrat Legislative Council 9 9
Morocco Assembly of Representatives Parallel: Largest remainder (295 seats) / list of women (30 seats) 325
Mozambique President Two-round system
Assembly of the Republic Party list PR: D'Hondt method 250 250 5%
Namibia President Two-round system
National Assembly Party list PR: Hare quota + 6 appointed 72 78
Nauru Parliament Modified Borda Count (Dowdall system, First ranked candidate gets 1 point, second 1/2, third 1/3 and so on.)[33] 2-4[33] 19[34]
Nepal Constituent Assembly Parallel: Party list PR: Closed lists: Modified Sainte-Laguë method / FPTP[35][36] 1, 335 575 elected + 26 appointed
Netherlands House of Representatives Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method 150 150 0.67%
New Zealand House of Representatives (Parliament) MMP: Sainte-Laguë method (51+ seats) / FPTP (69 district seats which also includes 7 seats reserved for Maori) 120 + overhang seats 5% or 1 district seat
Nicaragua President FPTP
National Assembly Party list PR: D'Hondt method 1-20 92
Niger President Two-round system
National Assembly Party list (105 seats) + 8 from FPTP 113
Nigeria President Two-round system
House of Representatives FPTP 1 360
Senate FPTP 1 109
Niue Assembly parallel: FPTP (14 seats) / Bloc voting (6 seats) 1 / 6 20
North Korea Supreme People's Assembly Endorsement of candidate 687
Norway Storting Party list PR: Open lists: Modified Sainte-Laguë method [37] 4–19 150 + 19 leveling seats 4% for leveling seats
Pakistan National Assembly FPTP (272 seats) (+ 70 members appointed by parties proportional with seats already won) 1 272 elected + 70 appointed (60 women + 10 non-Muslim)
Palau President
House of Delegates FPTP 1 16
Senate FPTP 1 13
Palestine President FPTP
Legislative Council Parallel: Sainte-Laguë method (closed list; 66 seats) / Bloc voting or FPTP (66 seats) 66 / 1–9 132 2%
Panama President FPTP
National Assembly coexistence: Single-member constituencies: FPTP; multi-member: Saripolo or Sartori method (Largest remainder, but remainders only for those with no seats) 1–7 78
Papua New Guinea National Parliament IRV 1 109
Paraguay President FPTP[38]
Chamber of Deputies Party list PR: D'Hondt method 1-19 80
Senate Party list PR: D'Hondt method 45 45
Peru President Two-round system
Congress of the Republic Party list PR: Largest remainder 1-35 130
Philippines President FPTP
House of Representatives Parallel: Party list (closed lists; modified Hare quota with 3-seat cap and no remainders) / FPTP (229 districts in 2010, 232 in 2013) 57 / 1 (2010), 58 / 1 (2013) 286 (2010), 292 (2013) 2%; parties with less than 2% of the vote may win seats if the list seats haven't been completely distributed.
Senate Bloc voting 12 / 1 24
Poland President Two-round system
Sejm Party list PR: D'Hondt method 7–19 460 5% (8% for coalitions, 0% for national minorities)
Senate FPTP 1 100
Portugal President Two-round system
Assembly of the Republic Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method 2–47 230
Romania President Two-round system
Chamber of Deputies Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method[39] 4–29[40] + 1 seat for each national minority 330 (out of which 18 seats for the national minorities, 4 for the Romanians living abroad)[40] 5% on national level or 20% in at least 4 constituencies (parties), 8-10% (coalitions)[41]
Senate Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method[39] 2–13[40] 136 (out of which 2 seats for the Romanians living abroad)[40] 5% on national level or 20% in at least 4 constituencies (parties), 8-10% (coalitions)[41]
Russia President Two-round system
State Duma Parallel voting: Party list (225 seats) / FPTP (225 seats) [42][43] 1, 225 450 5%
Rwanda President FPTP[44]
Chamber of Deputies Party list PR: Largest remainder 53 53 + 24 elected by provincial councils + 3 appointed 5%
Saint Kitts and Nevis National Assembly FPTP 1 11 + 3 appointed + 1 ex officio
Saint Lucia House of Assembly FPTP 1 17
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines House of Assembly FPTP 1 15 + 6 appointed
Samoa Fono coexistence: FPTP (35 seats) / Bloc voting (14 seats) 1 / 2 49
San Marino Grand and General Council SMPR using a D'Hondt method with national majority bonus 60
São Tomé and Príncipe President Two-round system
National Assembly Party list: closed lists (7 districts) 7.9 (average) 55
Senegal President Two-round system
National Assembly Parallel voting: 60 by PR, 90 by majority 150
Serbia President Two-round system
National Assembly Party list PR: D'Hondt method 250 250 5% (0.4% for minorities)
Seychelles President FPTP
National Assembly Parallel: Hare quota (9 seats) / FPTP (25 seats) 9 / 1 34
Sierra Leone President Two-round system[45]
Parliament FPTP 1 112 + 12 Paramount chiefs 12.5%
Singapore President FPTP
Parliament coexistence: Bloc voting (closed list) (76 seats) / FPTP (13 seats)[46] 4, 5 or 6 / 1 89 elected[47] + 12 appointed (9 NMP + 3 NCMP)
Slovakia President Two-round system
National Council of the Slovak Republic Party list PR: flexible lists: Hagenbach-Bischoff 150 150 5% / 7% (coalitions of 2-3 parties) / 10% (coalitions of at least 4 parties)
Slovenia President Two-round system
National Assembly Party list PR: D'Hondt method (88 seats) + 2 seats by Borda Count 11/8 + 2 single-seat constituencies 90 4%
Solomon Islands National Parliament FPTP 1 50
South Africa National Assembly Party list PR: Closed lists: Droop quota 400 400
South Korea President FPTP
National Assembly Parallel: Party list (closed lists: modified Hare quota largest remainder method) (47 seats) / FPTP (243 seats) 300 PR: 5 FPTP seats / 3%
Spain Congress of Deputies Party list PR: Closed lists: D'Hondt method 1–35 350 3%
Senate Limited vote (3 votes for 4 seats) (208 members), appointment by regional legislatures (51 members) 2–4 259
Sri Lanka President Sri Lankan contingent vote
Parliament of Sri Lanka Party list PR: Largest remainder (Hare quota) 4-20 225
Suriname National Assembly of Suriname Party list (10 districts) 2-17 51
Sweden Riksdag Party list PR: Open lists: Modified Sainte-Laguë 2-38 349 4% (or 12% in a constituency)
Switzerland National Council Party list PR: Open lists: D'Hondt method 1–-34 200
Council of States Varies with canton (generally Two-round system) 1–2 46
Syria President Two-round system[48]
People's Council
Taiwan (Republic of China) President FPTP
Legislative Yuan Parallel: FPTP (73 seats) / Party-list PR (Hare quota) (34 seats)
Aboriginal seats: SNTV (6 seats)		 1
Aboriginal constituencies: 3		 113 5%
Tajikistan President
Supreme Assembly of Tajikistan Parallel: Party list (22 seats) / Two-round system single-member constituencies (41 seats) 63
Tanzania President FPTP
National Assembly FPTP 1 324
Thailand House of Representatives Parallel: Party list (125 seats) / FPTP (375 seats) 125/1 500
Senate FPTP or SNTV 200
Togo President Two-round system
National Assembly of Togo Two-round system 81
Tonga Legislative Assembly Two-round system 9 + 9 elected by nobles + 10 members of Privy Council + 2 governors
Trinidad and Tobago House of Representatives FPTP 1 41
Tunisia President Two-round system[49][50]
Assembly of the Representatives of the People Party-list PR: Closed list: Largest remainder method (Hare Quota) [51][52] 4-10 (Seats in Tunisia), 1-5 (Seats for Tunisians abroad) 217
Turkey President Two-round system
Grand National Assembly Party list PR: D'Hondt method 2-25 550 10%
Turkmenistan President FPTP
Assembly Two-round system 50
Tuvalu Parliament coexistence: Bloc voting (14 seats) / FPTP (1 seat) 2 / 1 15
Uganda President FPTP
National Assembly FPTP 1 214 + 78 from various groups
Ukraine President Two-round system
Verkhovna Rada Parallel: Party list PR: Closed list: Largest remainder method (Hare quota) / FPTP[53] 225 / 1 450 5%
United Kingdom House of Commons FPTP 1 650
United States President Electoral college Electors chosen using FPTP on a per state basis, except in the states of Maine and Nebraska, where two electors are chosen using FPTP on a statewide basis, and one elector is chosen from each Congressional district using FPTP on a per district basis.
House of Representatives FPTP for all seats except: Two-round system in Georgia[54] and nonpartisan blanket primary in California, Louisiana[55] and Washington[note 3][note 4] 1 435 + 6 non-voting members
Senate FPTP for all seats except: Two-round system in Georgia[54] and nonpartisan blanket primary in California, Louisiana[55] and Washington[note 3][note 4] 2 per state, 1 per election 100
Uruguay President Two-round system
Chamber of Deputies Party list PR: D'Hondt method 2-42 99
Chamber of Senators Party list PR: D'Hondt method 30 30 + vice-president
Uzbekistan President Two-round system
Vanuatu Parliament SNTV 52
Venezuela President FPTP
National Assembly Parallel: Regional party list (closed list; D'Hondt method) (52 seats) / FPTP or bloc voting, and FPTP in districts reserved for indigenous peoples (113 seats) 2 (20 states)-3 (4) / 1 (68 districts), 2 (15), and 3 (4); at least 1 district per state. The three indigenous' districts comprise some whole states 165
Vietnam National Assembly 498
Yemen President Two-round system
Assembly of Representatives FPTP 1 301
Zambia President FPTP
National Assembly FPTP 1 150
Zimbabwe President Two-round system[56]
House of Assembly Parallel: FPTP (210 seats) / Party list PR: Closed lists: Largest remainder method (Hare quota) (60 seats, 6 for each province, reserved for women, and based on vote in the districts)[57][58][note 5] 1, 6 (Women's lists) 210 + 60 reserved for women
Senate Party list PR: Closed lists: Largest remainder method (Hare quota) (60 seats, 6 for each province, based on vote for national assembly). Additionally the senate consists of 2 seats for each non-metropolitan district of Zimbabwe elected by each provincial assembly of chiefs using SNTV,[60] 1 seat each for the president and deputy president of the National Council of Chiefs, 1 male and 1 female seat for people with disabilities elected on separate ballots using FPTP by an electoral college designated by the National Disability Board.[57][58] 6 (directly elected seats) 60 directly elected + 20

Key

Seats per district 
Most elections are split into a number of electoral districts. In some elections, there is one person elected per district. In others, there are many people elected per district. Electoral districts can have different names, see list of electoral districts by nation.
Total number of seats 
the number of representatives elected to the body in total.
Election threshold 
see Election threshold
FPTP 
Using the system of First Past The Post voting to pick a single winner per district
Party list 
One of many Party-list proportional representation systems. Where possible, this has been replaced by the allocation system used within the party-list (e.g. D'Hondt method)
Parallel voting 
This means that two simultaneous systems are used to elect representatives to the same body. If there is interchange between the two systems (e.g. the number elected in one system affects the number elected in the other) then this is called the additional member system.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ For a round to be declared valid, the turnout must be at least 50% of voters in the electoral register.
  2. ↑ For the first round of elections to be declared valid, at least 50% of voters in the electoral register must have voted. For the runoff round between the top two candidates, the requirement is 25%.
  3. 1 2 Louisiana uses a variant of the blanket primary with the primary at the day of the general election, with a runoff if no candidate receives a majority, while California and Washington has a primary before the general election with the top-two candidates facing off in the general election regardless of whether one has a majority or not. Many states use runoff voting in the partisan primaries.
  4. 1 2 Elections in the united states commonly feature partisan primary elections run by the state (as opposed to by the parties), see Primary election#Primaries in the United States
  5. ↑ The constitution specifies the extra 60 seats for women only for the two first parliaments. The first parliament elected with this constitution was in 2013[59]

References

  1. 1 2 "Part XII. Allocation of Seats". The Electoral Code of the Republic of Albania (English translation by OSCE) (pdf). p. 140. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  2. ↑ "Part V. Electoral Zone and Number of Seats for Each Zone". =The Electoral Code of the Republic of Albania (English translation by OSCE) (pdf). p. 62. Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  3. 1 2 "Code Electoral 2012" (pdf) (in French). pp. 14, 20.
  4. 1 2 3 "FINAL REPORT ON ALGERIA'S LEGISLATIVE ELECTIONS" (pdf). ACE Project. National Democratic Institute. 10 May 2012. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  5. ↑ "IPU PARLINE database: ALGERIA (Al-Majlis Al-Chaabi Al-Watani), Electoral system". INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION. Retrieved 10 January 2015.
  6. ↑ Article 91-94, LANDSVERORDENING, houdende regelen betreffende het kies- recht en de verkiezingen van de leden van de Staten van Aruba, Act No. AB 1987 no. 110, AB 1994 no. 30, AB 1997 no. 34, AB 2001 no. 100 AB 2009 no. 83 of 18 of 18 September 2013 (in Dutch). Retrieved on 26 April 2015.
  7. ↑ Article III of the Constitution of Aruba Section 2, Constitution of Aruba (1987; in Dutch). Retrieved on 26 April 2015.
  8. ↑ "FAQs - Parliament of Australia". Retrieved 22 September 2014.
  9. 1 2 Electoral Code of the Republic of Belarus, Act No. No. 370-Z of 6 October 2006. Retrieved on 26 April 2015.
  10. 1 2 "BELARUS Palata Predstaviteley (House of Representatives), Electoral System". Inter-Parliamentary Union. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
  11. ↑ "Segunda Parte, Título II, Capítulo Primero, Sección II". Nueva Constitución Política del Estado (PDF) (in Spanish). p. 40. Retrieved 2009-02-12. Artículo 167: I. [...] Será proclamada a la Presidencia y a la Vicepresidencia la candidatura que haya reunido el cincuenta por ciento más uno de los votos válidos; o que haya obtenido un mínimo del cuarenta por ciento de los votos válidos, con una diferencia de al menos diez por ciento en relación con la segunda candidatura. II. En caso de que ninguna de las candidaturas cumpla estas condiciones se realizará una segunda vuelta electoral entre las dos candidaturas más votadas, en el plazo de sesenta días computables a partir de la votación anterior. Será proclamada [...] la candidatura que haya obtenido la mayoría de los votos.
  12. 1 2 "Bolivia: Ley del Régimen Electoral, 30 de junio de 2010". Lexivox. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  13. ↑ "Bolivia: Ley de distribución de escaños entre departamentos, 7 de octubre de 2013". Retrieved 10 February 2015.
  14. 1 2 Determined for the 2005 parliamentary elections based on the 2001 census data. Independent candidates need to gather votes equal to the total number of votes cast in the constituency divided by the number of local seats. The remaining seats are distributed among parties by the D'Hondt method applied to the total number of votes for each. Party lists are one per constituency, the seats each party wins are further distributed among its local lists again by D'Hondt applied to local numbers of votes for the party, and a mechanism of shifting seats from one local Party list to another, to adjust the total seats for all parties for each constituency to the allocated local number of seats (minus the number of successful local independent candidates).
  15. ↑ "Part IV. The Legislature". The Cayman Islands Constitution Order 2009 (pdf). p. 35. Retrieved 12 September 2014. 60.—(1) The Legislative Assembly shall consist of—(a) the Speaker; (b) eighteen elected members, who shall be persons qualified for election in accordance with this Constitution and elected in the manner provided for in a law enacted for the purposes of section 93; and (c) the Deputy Governor and the Attorney General, ex officio.
  16. ↑
  17. 1 2 3 "Senado - República de Chile - Fin al binominal: en ardua y extensa sesión despachan nueva composición del Congreso y sistema electoral proporcional". Senate of Chile. 14 January 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  18. 1 2 "Electoral reform in Chile: Tie breaker | The Economist". The Economist. 14 February 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
  19. ↑ Constitution of the Republic of the Congo, Article 69, paragraph (1): "The President of the Republic shall be elected by an absolute majority of the votes cast. If this is not obtained in the first round of balloting, it shall be followed, the second following Sunday, by a second round. Only the two candidates having received the largest number of votes in the first round shall be presented."
  20. ↑ Previously, a presidential candidate required an absolute majority of votes in order to be elected, but a 2011 constitutional amendment reduced this requirement to a simple majority. source
  21. ↑ Egyptian parliamentary election, 2015
  22. ↑ Constitution of Equatorial Guinea, Item 31: (Constitutional law No. 1/1995 of 17 January): "The President of the Republic shall be the Head of State; he shall be the symbol of national unity and shall represent the Nation. He shall be elected by a relative majority of the votes cast through direct, equal and secret universal suffrage. The law shall determine the conditions of the electoral process."
  23. ↑ Fijan elections office. "Electoral decree 2014" (PDF). Retrieved 3 July 2014.
  24. ↑ The Ceann Comhairle or Speaker of Dáil Éireann is returned automatically for whichever constituency s/he was elected if they wish to seek re-election, reducing the number of seats contested in that constituency by one. (In that case, should the Ceann Comhairle be from a three-seater, only two seats are contested in the general election from there.) As a result, if the Ceann Comhairle wishes to be in the next Dáil, only 165 seats are actually contested in a general election.
  25. ↑ Lis, Jonathan (12 March 2014). "Israel raises electoral threshold to 3.25 percent". Haaretz. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
  26. ↑ "総務省｜衆議院小選挙区の区割りの改定等について" (in Japanese). Retrieved 3 December 2014.
  27. 1 2 "Legislative and Second Round of Presidential Elections in Madagascar" (pdf). Carter Center. 18 December 2013. pp. 20–22. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  28. ↑ "IPU PARLINE database: MADAGASCAR (Antenimierampirenena), Electoral system". INTER-PARLIAMENTARY UNION. Retrieved 5 January 2015.
  29. ↑ "DECIS: Şeful statului va fi ales de popor; Modificarea din 2000 a Constituţiei privind alegerea preşedintelui de Parlament, NECONSTITUŢIONALĂ". Jurnal.md (in Romanian). 4 March 2016.
  30. 1 2 Monaco, Inter-Parliamentary Union
  31. ↑ "Mongolian presidential election starts". 26 June 2013. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
  32. ↑ LAW ON THE ELECTION OF THE STATE GREAT HURAL OF MONGOLIA
    PROCEDURE FOR OBSERVATION AND REPORTING ON THE ELECTION OF THE STATE GREAT HURAL OF MONGOLIA     (PDF). 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2014.
  33. 1 2 "26A, 26B". REPUBLIC OF NAURU Electoral Act 1965 (PDF). 12 July 2012. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  34. ↑ "Who comprises Parliament? - The Government of the Republic of Nauru". Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  35. ↑ Lokhandwala, Zainab (5 January 2014). "Nepal: The Long Road Ahead - Fair Observer". Fair Observer. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
  36. ↑ "Election to the Members of Constituent Assembly Act, 2064 (2007)". Nepal Law Commission. Retrieved 8 February 2015.
  37. ↑ Valgloven §6, §7 and §11 (in Norwegian)
  38. ↑ Constitution of the Republic of Paraguay, 1992, Article 230: "The president and vice president of the Republic will be elected jointly and directly by the people, by a simple majority of voters, in general elections held between 90 and 120 days prior to the expiration of the ongoing constitutional term."
  39. 1 2 Filimon, Paul (20 July 2015). "Legea Alegerilor Parlamentare pe Liste, promulgată de Iohannis". România Liberă (in Romanian).
  40. 1 2 3 4 "Anexa 1. Denumirea, numerotarea şi numărul de mandate aferent circumscripţiilor electorale" (PDF) (in Romanian). Romanian Permanent Electoral Authority. Retrieved 2015-11-25.
  41. 1 2 "Legea nr. 208 din 20 iulie 2015 privind alegerea Senatului şi a Camerei Deputaţilor, precum şi pentru organizarea şi funcţionarea Autorităţii Electorale Permanente" (PDF) (in Romanian). Romanian Permanent Electoral Authority. Retrieved 12 July 2016.
  42. ↑ "Putin Orders New System for Russian Parliamentary Elections - NYTimes.com". 3 January 2013. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  43. ↑ "Putin signs into law Duma mixed electoral system - News - Russia - The Voice of Russia: News, Breaking news, Politics, Economics, Business, Russia, International current events, Expert opinion, podcasts, Video". 24 February 2014. Retrieved 9 September 2014.
  44. ↑ Constitution of Rwanda, Article 100: "The election of the President of the Republic shall be by universal suffrage through a direct and secret ballot with a simple majority of the votes cast. The Supreme Court proclaims the final results of the election."
  45. ↑ THE CONSTITUTION OF SIERRA LEONE, 1991 (Act No. 6 of 1991), section 42(2)(e): "no person shall be elected as President of Sierra Leone unless at the Presidential election he has polled not less than fifty-five per cent of the valid votes in his favour; and", section 42(2)(f): "in default of a candidate being duly elected under paragraph (e), the two candidates with the highest number or numbers of votes shall go forward to a second election which shall be held within fourteen days of the announcement of the result of the previous election, and the candidate polling the higher number of votes cast in his favour shall be declared President."
  46. ↑ "2015 PARLIAMENTARY ELECTION RESULTS". Elections Department Singapore. Government of Singapore. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  47. ↑ "Singapore Votes 2015". ChannelNews Asia. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  48. ↑ Constitution of the Syrian Arab Republic, 2012, Article 86 (2): "Te candidate who obtains the absolute majority of votes shall be elected President. If none of the candidates obtains this absolute majority, the two candidates with the highest number of votes shall stand for election within two weeks."
  49. ↑ "Tunisie : les législatives fixées au 26 octobre et la présidentielle au 23 novembre" (in French). Jeune Afrique. 25 June 2014.
  50. ↑ THE CONSTITUTION OF THE TUNISIAN REPUBLIC (Unofficial english translation) (PDF). UNDP and International IDEA. 26 January 2014. pp. 16–23. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  51. ↑ "Constituante tunisienne | La Tunisie adopte enfin sa nouvelle loi électorale". Jeuneafrique.com (in French). Jeune Afrique. 2 June 2014.
  52. ↑ "2". Proposed Basic Law on Elections and Referendums - Tunisia (Non-official translation to English). International IDEA. 26 January 2014. p. 25. Retrieved 15 April 2015.
  53. ↑ Article 98-99, Ukraine: The Law on Election of the People's Deputies (Unofficial translation by IFES), 2011, Act No. 4061-VI of 17 November 2011. Retrieved on 9 August 2015.
  54. 1 2 Hood III, M.V. (19 July 2014). "Hood: Georgia is one of few states with primary runoff balloting". Athens Banner-Herald. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
  55. 1 2 Barrow, Bill (8 February 2011). "Department of Justice gives approval to Louisiana's open primaries". Nola.com. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
  56. ↑ "Part XVII, Section 110". ELECTORAL ACT (pdf). Zimbabwe Electoral Commission. p. 63. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
  57. 1 2 "3, 4". Constitution of Zimbabwe Amendment (No. 20) (pdf). pp. 52–54.
  58. 1 2 "Electoral Amendment Act 2014 [Act 6-2014]" (doc). Veritas Zimbabwe. pp. 52–55. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
  59. ↑ "Zimbabwe's Mugabe signs new constitution – Africa". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 29 July 2013.
  60. ↑ "Part X, Section 44". ELECTORAL ACT (pdf). Zimbabwe Electoral Commission. p. 35. Retrieved 18 January 2015.

Much of the data on Bulgaria from Central electoral committee - "Methods for determining the number of mandates in constituencies and the results of the vote" (in Bulgarian); A mathematical analysis of the system

Much of the data regarding which voting system is used is drawn from this 2002 report from the International Insititute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (IDEA).

Much of the data regarding the size of the parliaments comes from this 1997 report from the same Institute.

Some of the data has been updated since then.

External links

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