ENAER T-35 Pillán
Not to be confused with the T-35 Buckaroo. For other uses, see: T35 (disambiguation)
| T-35 Pillán | |
|---|---|
 | |
| An ENAER T-35 Pillán of the Panamanian Air Force | |
| Role | Trainer |
| National origin | Chile |
| Manufacturer | ENAER |
| First flight | 6 March 1981[1] |
| Primary users | Chilean Air Force Spanish Air Force Military of Panama Paraguayan Air Force |
| Produced | 28 December 1984[1] - 1991 |
| Number built | 154[2] |
|
| |
ENAER T-35 Pillán (mapudungún, Spanish pronunciation: [piˈʎan], volcano or ancestral spirit) is a Chilean propeller-driven basic trainer aircraft. The student and the instructor sit in tandem. Production ceased in 1991 after 7 years but restarted briefly in 1998.[2]
Design and development
Prior to the eighties Chile possessed a decrepit fleet of military trainers obtained under the Mutual Defense Assistance Act. However, these trainers had become exceedingly difficult to repair following passage of a US arms embargo in 1976.[3] The PA-28R-300 Pillán was developed by Piper Aircraft in the United States as a two-seat military trainer for assembly in Chile, based on a PA-32R fuselage with a new center-section and wing stressed for aerobatics.[4] The first prototype designated XBT first flew at Lakeland on 6 March 1981 and was followed by a second prototype, designated YBT.[4] The second prototype first flew on 31 August 1981 and was then delivered to Chile.[4] The prototype XBT was delivered to Chile in January 1982 but was written off on 10 March 1982.[4] Production of kits at Vero Beach Municipal Airport commenced with three pre-production kits which were delivered for assembly in Chile in 1982, Vero Beach then produced 120 kits for assembly in Chile for the Chilean and Spanish Air Force.[4] The first production aircraft was delivered by ENAER to the Chilean Air Force Air Academy in August 1985.[4] The Spanish aircraft were assembled in Spain by CASA.[1]
Apart from a few turbine powered aircraft, all Pilláns were powered by a 300 hp (224 kW) Textron Lycoming AEIO-540-K1K5 six cylinder horizontally opposed piston engine.
In 1985 a turboprop variant was developed by ENAER as the T-35A Aucan.[4] In early 1986 one of the piston-engined pre-production aircraft was sent to Soloy in the United States and was fitted with a 420 shp Allison 250B-17D engine.[4]
Variants
- Piper PA-28R-300 Pillan
- Two Piper built prototypes.[4]
- T-35A
- Two-seat primary training aircraft for the Chilean Air Force.
- T-35B
- Two-seat instrument training aircraft for the Chilean Air Force.
- T-35C
- Two-seat primary training aircraft for the Spanish Air Force, known as the E.26 Tamiz.
- T-35D
- Two-seat primary and instrument training aircraft for Panama and Paraguay.
- T-35DT
- Turboprop powered version, powered by a 420-ehp (313-kW) Allison 250-B17D turboprop engine. Original designation T-35XT.
- T-35S
- Single-seat aerobatic aircraft.
- T-35T Aucan
- Improved turboprop powered version.
- Pillan 2000
- Updated version of the T-35 Pillan.
Operators
- Chilean Air Force operates 19 aircraft.[5]
- Dominican Air Force operates four aircraft.[5]
- Ecuadorian Navy - operates four.[5]
- Air Force of El Salvador - operates five.[5]
- Guatemalan Air Force - operated four.[5]
- National Aeronaval Service - operates six.[5]
- Paraguayan Air Force - operates 11.[5]
- Spanish Air Force - ordered 41, now operates 35.[5]
Specifications (T-35)
Data from Hecho En Chile[6]
General characteristics
- Crew: 2: student, instructor
- Length: 7.97 m (26 ft 1¼ in)
- Wingspan: 8.81 m (28 ft 10¾ in)
- Height: 2.34 m (7 ft 8⅜ in)
- Wing area: 13.64 m² (146.8 sq ft)
- Empty weight: 833 kg (1,836 lb)
- Max. takeoff weight: 1,315 kg (2,900 lb)
- Powerplant: 1 × Avco Lycoming AEIO-540-K1K5 air-cooled flat-six, 224 kW (300 hp)
Performance
- Maximum speed: 311 km/h (168 knots, 193 mph) at sea level
- Cruise speed: 266 km/h (144 knots, 165 mph) at 4,630 m (15,190 ft) (55% power)
- Stall speed: 115 km/h (62 knots, 71 mph) (flaps & gear down)
- Range: 1,204 km (650 nmi, 748 mi)
- Service ceiling: 5,820 m (19,100 ft)
- Rate of climb: 7.75 m/s (1,525 ft/min)
See also
- Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
Notes
- 1 2 3 Green 1988, pp. 98–9
- 1 2 Endres, Gunther; Gething, Mike (2002). Jane's Aircraft Recognition Guide. Glasgow, UK: HarperCollinsPublishers. p. 392. ISBN 0-00-713721-4.
- ↑ John R. Bawden,“Cutting Off the Dictator: the United States Arms Embargo of the Pinochet Regime, 1974-1988,” Journal of Latin American Studies, 45:3 (August 2013): 513-43.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Peperell 1987, p. 159
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Directory: World Air Forces". Flight International. 2009-12-15.
- ↑ Air International April 1985, p. 174.
References
- "Hecho En Chile...An Innocuous Devil". Air International. Vol. 28 no. 4. April 1985. pp. 170–175, 208–209.
- Peperell, Roger W; Smith, Colin M (1987). Piper Aircraft and their forerunners. Tonbridge, Kent, England: Air-Britain. ISBN 0-85130-149-5.
- Green, William. Observer's book of aircraft (1988 ed.). London: Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
External links
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