Subtalar joint
| Subtalar joint | |
|---|---|
 Subtalar Joint | |
 Ligaments of the medial aspect of the foot. | |
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin |
Articulatio subtalaris, articulatio talocalcanea |
| MeSH | A02.835.583.378.831.780 |
| TA | A03.6.10.101 |
| FMA | 35198 |
In human anatomy, the subtalar joint, also known as the talocalcaneal joint, is a joint of the foot. It occurs at the meeting point of the talus and the calcaneus.
Structure
The talus is oriented slightly obliquely on the anterior surface of the calcaneus.
There are two points of articulation between the two bones: one anteriorly and one posteriorly:
- At the anterior talocalcaneal articulation, a concave area of the talus fits on a convex surface of the calcaneus.[1]
- The posterior talocalcaneal articulation is formed by a concave surface of the talus and a convex surface of the calcaneus.
The subtalar joint contributes to 10% of dorsiflexion of the ankle. There are three articulating facets between the talus and the calcaneus, delineated as the anterior, middle and posterior facets. The sustentaculum tali forms the floor of middle facet, and the anterior facet articulates with the head of the talus, and sits lateral and congruent to the middle facet. The posterior facet is the largest of the three, and separated from the others by the tarsal canal.
Ligaments and membranes
The main ligament of the joint is the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament, a thick, strong band of two partially joined fibers that bind the talus and calcaneus. It runs through the sinus tarsi, a canal between the articulations of the two bones.
There are four additional ligaments that form weaker connections between the talus and calcaneus.
- The anterior talocalcaneal ligament (or anterior interosseous ligament) attaches at the neck of the talus on the front and lateral surfaces to the superior calcaneus.
- The short band of the posterior talocalcaneal ligament extends from the lateral tubercle of the talus to the upper medial calcaneus.
- The short, strong lateral talocalcaneal ligament connects from the lateral talus under the fibular facet to the lateral calcaneus, and runs parallel to the calcaneofibular ligament.
- The medial talocalcaneal ligament extends from the medial tubercle of the talus to the sustentaculum tali on the medial surface of the calcaneus.
A synovial membrane lines the capsule of the joint, and the joint is wrapped in a capsule of short fibers that are continuous with the talocalconeonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints of the foot.
Function
The joint allows inversion and eversion of the foot, but plays no role in dorsiflexion or plantarflexion of the foot.[2]
It is considered a plane synovial joint,[3] also commonly referred to as a condyloid joint.
The subtalar joint can also be considered a combination of the anatomic subtalar joint discussed above, and also the talocalcaneal part of the talocalcaneonavicular joint. This is the more common view of the subtalar joint when discussing its movement. When both of these articulations are accounted together, it allows for pronation and supination to occur.
References
This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
- ↑ http://www.physio-pedia.com/images/c/c0/Principles_of_Joint_Mobilization.pdf
- ↑ Kyung Won, PhD. Chung (2005). Gross Anatomy (Board Review). Hagerstown, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 123. ISBN 0-7817-5309-0.
- ↑ Moore and Agur. Essential Clinical Anatomy. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2007. ISBN 978-0-7817-6274-8
- Calais-Germain, Blandine. "Anatomy of Movement", Eastland Press, 1993. ISBN 0-939616-17-3
Additional images
Coronal section through right talocrural and talocalcaneal joints.
Talocalcaneal and talocalcaneonavicular articulations exposed from above by removing the talus.
External links
- Sub_talar_joint at the Duke University Health System's Orthopedics program