Fengman Dam

Fengman Dam
Location of Fengman Dam in China
Country China
Location Jilin City, Jilin Province
Coordinates 43°43′10″N 126°41′19″E / 43.71944°N 126.68861°E / 43.71944; 126.68861Coordinates: 43°43′10″N 126°41′19″E / 43.71944°N 126.68861°E / 43.71944; 126.68861
Status In use
Construction began 1937
Opening date 1953
Owner(s) Northeast China Grid Company Limited
Dam and spillways
Type of dam Gravity
Impounds Second Songhua River
Height 91 m (299 ft)
Length 1,080 m (3,543 ft)
Width (crest) 13.5 m (44 ft)
Spillway type 11 floodgates, 1 discharge tunnel
Spillway capacity Gates:9,240 m3/s (326,308 cu ft/s)
Tunnel:1,186 m3/s (41,883 cu ft/s)
Reservoir
Creates Fengman Reservoir (Songhua Lake)
Total capacity 11,460,000,000 m3 (9,290,773 acre·ft)
Catchment area 42,500 km2 (16,409 sq mi)
Surface area 550 km2 (212 sq mi)
Max. water depth 75 m (246 ft)
Power station
Commission date Stage I: 1943-1959
Stage II: 1992
Stage III: 1998
Type Conventional
Hydraulic head 110 m (361 ft) (design)
Turbines 1 X 60 MW, 2 X 65 MW, 1 x 72.5 MW, 4 x 83 MW, 2 x 85 MW, 2 X 140 MW Francis turbines[1][2]
Installed capacity 1,002.5 MW
Annual generation 1890 GWh

The Fengman Dam is a concrete gravity dam 20 km (12 mi) from Jilin City on the Second Songhua River in Jilin Province, China. The main purposes of the dam are hydroelectric power generation and flood control. Construction of the dam began in 1937 and was complete in 1953. Northeast China Grid Company Limited, the dam's owner, plans on rebuilding it in the future.[3]

A new dam that will be more that 50% higher is under construction in 2016 with the completion date unknown at this time.

New Fengman Dam being built

History

Construction on the Fengman Dam began in 1937 under the Japanese during their occupation of parts of China during World War II. In November 1942, the reservoir behind the dam began to fill and by March 1943, the first generators were operational. Still lacking floodgates, the dam was not entirely complete after the Japanese occupation in 1953. In 1959, the eighth and final generator of the first stage was installed, bringing the power station's installed capacity to 552.5 MW. Between 1970 an 1979, a tunnel was installed on the left bank of the dam and it was later converted into a flood discharge tunnel in 1991. In 1988, the second stage of construction began which included the installation of a ninth and tenth turbine. This was complete in 1992 and the plant's total installed capacity was 722.5 MW. From 1993 to 1998, the third stage of constructed on the dam was carried out, bringing the power station to a final installed capacity of 1002.5 MW.[4]

Reservoir

The Fengman Reservoir, also known as Songhua Lake, has a capacity of 11,460,000,000 m3 (9,290,773 acre·ft) of which 5,350,000,000 m3 (4,337,316 acre·ft) is active or "useful" storage and 2,670,000,000 m3 (2,164,604 acre·ft) is used for flooding. The reservoir is narrow, 180 km (112 mi) long, and has a surface area of 550 km2 (212 sq mi). Normal reservoir level is 261 m (856 ft) above sea level, minimum is 242 m (794 ft) and a maximum of 267 m (876 ft). The drainage or catchment area is 42,500 km2 (16,409 sq mi) of which 19,000 km2 (7,336 sq mi) is controlled by the Baishan Dam, 11,600 km2 (4,479 sq mi) is located within the Daogou area and 11,900 km2 (4,595 sq mi) is controlled by the Hongshi Dam. Annual rainfall in the reservoir zone is 500 mm (20 in) - 1,020 mm (40 in) with 60-90 percent falling between July and September each year. Average mean runoff is 426 m3/s (15,044 cu ft/s), maximum mean is 737 m3/s (26,027 cu ft/s) while the minimum mean is 164 m3/s (5,792 cu ft/s). Maximum instantaneous runoff during flooding can reach 22,800 m3/s (805,174 cu ft/s) while during ice season, it can be as low as 10 m3/s (353 cu ft/s).[4]

Design

The Fengman dam is a 91 m (299 ft) high and 1,080 m (3,543 ft) long concrete gravity dam which is divided into 60 18 m (59 ft)sections. Sections 1-8, 20 and 32-60 are non-overflow while 9-19 contain the 11 crest overflow spillways. Sections 21-31 contain the ten intakes and penstocks for the power plant which rest at their base, the dam's toe. The dam's crest spillway has a 9,240 m3/s (326,308 cu ft/s) capacity while the 683 m (2,241 ft) long, 9.2 m (30 ft) diameter flood discharge tunnel on the left bank has a 1,186 m3/s (41,883 cu ft/s) capacity.[4]

See also

References

  1. "Hydroelectric Power Plants in China - Jilin & Heilongjiang". IndustCards. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
  2. "Fengman Hydropower Station" (in Chinese). Water Pub. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
  3. "Jilin Province to rebuild 1930s-era Fengman Dam". InterFax China. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
  4. 1 2 3 "Fengman Hydropower Station". China Water. Retrieved 9 January 2011.
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