Sodium iodide

Sodium iodide
Identifiers
7681-82-5 YesY
13517-06-1 (dihydrate) N
3D model (Jmol) Interactive image
ChEBI CHEBI:33167 YesY
ChEMBL ChEMBL1644695 N
ChemSpider 5048 YesY
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.800
PubChem 5238
RTECS number WB6475000
UNII F5WR8N145C YesY
Properties
NaI
Molar mass 149.89 g/mol
Appearance white solid
deliquescent
Odor odorless
Density 3.67 g/cm3
Melting point 661 °C (1,222 °F; 934 K)
Boiling point 1,304 °C (2,379 °F; 1,577 K)
158.7 g/100 mL (0 °C)
184.2 g/100 mL (25 °C)
227.8 g/100 mL (50 °C)
294 g/100 mL (70 °C)
302 g/100 mL (100 °C) [1]
Acidity (pKa) 8–9.5
1.7745
Structure
Halite
Octahedral
Thermochemistry
91 J·mol−1·K−1[2]
−288 kJ·mol−1[2]
Hazards
Main hazards Irritant, can harm the unborn child
Safety data sheet
Flash point Non-flammable
Related compounds
Other anions
Sodium fluoride
Sodium chloride
Sodium bromide
Sodium astatide
Other cations
Lithium iodide
Potassium iodide
Rubidium iodide
Caesium iodide
Francium iodide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Sodium iodide (chemical formula NaI) is the salt of sodium and iodide. It is a white, crystalline solid that is used mainly as a nutritional supplement and in organic chemistry. It is produced industrially by acidic iodides and sodium hydroxide.[3]

Uses

Food supplement

Sodium iodide, as well as potassium iodide, is commonly used to treat and prevent iodine deficiency. Iodized table salt contains one part sodium or potassium iodide to 100,000 parts of sodium chloride.[3]

Organic synthesis

Monatomic NaI chains grown inside double-wall carbon nanotubes.[4]

Sodium iodide is used for conversion of an alkyl chlorides into an alkyl iodides. This method, the Finkelstein reaction, relies on the insolubility of sodium chloride in acetone to drive the reaction:

Nuclear medicine

Some radioactive iodide salts of sodium, including [125I]NaI and [131I]NaI, have radiopharmaceutical uses, such as in the treatment of thyroid cancer and hyperthyroidism[5] or as radiolabeling tracers in imaging (see Isotopes of iodine > Radioiodines I-123, I-124, I-125, and I-131 in medicine and biology).

Thallium-doped NaI(Tl) scintillators

Sodium iodide activated with thallium, NaI(Tl), when subjected to ionizing radiation, emits photons (i.e., scintillate) and is used in scintillation detectors, traditionally in nuclear medicine, geophysics, nuclear physics, and environmental measurements. NaI(Tl) is the most widely used scintillation material. The crystals are usually coupled with a photomultiplier tube, in a hermetically sealed assembly, as sodium iodide is hygroscopic. Fine-tuning of some parameters (i.e., radiation hardness, afterglow, transparency) can be achieved by varying the conditions of the crystal growth. Crystals with a higher level of doping are used in X-ray detectors with high spectrometric quality. Sodium iodide can be used both as single crystals and as polycrystals for this purpose. The wavelength of maximum emission is 415 nm.[6]

Solubility data

Sodium iodide exhibits high solubility in some organic solvents, unlike sodium chloride or even bromide. Its solubility of NaI in various solvents (g NaI/100 g of solvent at 25 °C) [7]

H2O 184.2
Liquid ammonia 162
Liquid sulfur dioxide 15
Methanol 62.5–83.0
Formic acid 61.8
Acetonitrile 24.9
Acetone 50.4425
Formamide 57–85
Acetamide 32.3 (41.5 °C)
Dimethylformamide 3.7–6.4
Dichloromethane 0.009 [8]

See also

References

  1. Seidell, Atherton (1919). Solubilities of inorganic and organic compounds c. 2. D. Van Nostrand Company. p. 655.
  2. 1 2 Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A23. ISBN 0-618-94690-X.
  3. 1 2 Lyday, Phyllis A. (2005) "Iodine and Iodine Compounds", pp. 382–390 in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Vol. A14, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2 doi:10.1002/14356007.a14_381.
  4. Senga, Ryosuke; Suenaga, Kazu (2015). "Single-atom electron energy loss spectroscopy of light elements". Nature Communications. 6: 7943. doi:10.1038/ncomms8943. PMC 4532884Freely accessible. PMID 26228378.
  5. Sodium iodide. The Free Dictionary
  6. Scintillation Materials. crystals.saint-gobain.com
  7. Burgess, J. (1978). Metal Ions in Solution. New York: Ellis Horwood. ISBN 0-85312-027-7.
  8. De Namor, Angela F. Danil; Traboulssi, Rafic; Salazar, Franz Fernández; De Acosta, Vilma Dianderas; De Vizcardo, Yboni Fernández; Portugal, Jaime Munoz (1989). "Transfer and partition free energies of 1 : 1 electrolytes in the water–dichloromethane solvent system at 298.15 K". Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases. 85 (9): 2705. doi:10.1039/F19898502705.
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