Snefru

This article is about the cryptographic hash function. For the Egyptian pharaoh, see Sneferu.

Snefru is a cryptographic hash function invented by Ralph Merkle in 1990 while working at Xerox PARC.^[1] The function supports 128-bit and 256-bit output. It was named after the Egyptian Pharaoh Sneferu, continuing the tradition of the Khufu and Khafre block ciphers.

The original design of Snefru was shown to be insecure by Eli Biham and Adi Shamir who were able to use differential cryptanalysis to find hash collisions. The design was then modified by increasing the number of iterations of the main pass of the algorithm from two to eight. Although differential cryptanalysis can break the revised version with less complexity than brute force search (a certificational weakness), the attack requires $2^{{88.5}}$ operations and is thus not currently feasible in practice.^[2]

References

↑ Ralph C. Merkle (1990). "A fast software one-way hash function J. Cryptology". Journal of Cryptology. 3 (1): 43–58. doi:10.1007/BF00203968. Retrieved 2011-04-06.
↑ Eli Biham (2008-07-19). "New Techniques for Cryptanalysis of Hash Functions and Improved Attacks on Snefru". Springer Berlin/Heidelberg.

External links

Ecrypt page
RHash, an open source command-line tool, which can calculate and verify Snefru-128 and Snefru-256

Cryptographic hash functions & message authentication codes

List Comparison Known attacks

Common functions	MD5 SHA-1 SHA-2 SHA-3 BLAKE2 SipHash

SHA-3 finalists	BLAKE Grøstl JH Skein Keccak (winner)

Other functions	ECOH FSB GOST HAS-160 HAVAL Kupyna LM hash MD2 MD4 MD5 MD6 MDC-2 N-Hash RIPEMD RadioGatún SWIFFT Snefru Streebog Tiger VSH WHIRLPOOL

Key derivation functions	bcrypt crypt PBKDF2 scrypt Argon2 Lyra2

MAC functions	DAA CBC-MAC HMAC OMAC/CMAC PMAC VMAC UMAC Poly1305

Authenticated encryption modes	CCM CWC EAX GCM IAPM OCB

Attacks	Collision attack Preimage attack Birthday attack Brute force attack Rainbow table Side-channel attack Length extension attack

Design	Avalanche effect Hash collision Merkle–Damgård construction

Standardization	CRYPTREC NESSIE NIST hash function competition

Utilization	Hash-based cryptography Key stretching Merkle tree Message authentication Proof of work Salt

Cryptography

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Symmetric-key algorithm Block cipher Stream cipher Public-key cryptography Cryptographic hash function Message authentication code Random numbers Steganography

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