September 1962

September 30, 1962: James Meredith escorted to the all-white University of Mississippi

September 17, 1962: The next group of American astronauts introduced

The following events occurred in September 1962:

September 1, 1962 (Saturday)

• 1962 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake: A 7.1 magnitude earthquake in northwest Iran, near Buin Zahra in the Qazvin Province, killed 12,225 people and destroyed 91 villages.^[1]
• In a referendum in Singapore, voters overwhelmingly supported a proposition to merge with the Malayan Federation to become part of Malaysia, with limited autonomy. Out of 561,559 ballots cast, there were 397,626 in favor of making all Singapore residents Malaysian citizens, while allowing independence in matters of labor and education. Another 144,077 ballots were left blank as a protest.^[2]
• Typhoon Wanda struck Hong Kong, killing 134 people and injuring more than 200.^[3]
• Died: Hans-Jürgen von Arnim, 73, former German military leader

September 2, 1962 (Sunday)

• All non-military air travel in the United States and Canada was halted for five hours as part of "Exercise Sky Shield III".^[4]
• The Soviet Union announced that it has signed an agreement on military and industrial assistance with Cuba, following an August meeting in Yalta between Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev and Cuban Economics Minister Che Guevara.^[5]
• The Malta Independence Act was approved by the United Kingdom, providing that the British colony would become its own nation on September 21, 1964.^[6]
• The 1962 UCI Road World Championships took place in Salò, Italy.
• Nerskogen Chapel in Rennebu, Norway, was consecrated by Bishop Tord Godal.
• The fourth Taça Brasil football competition began in Brazil.
• Born: Prachya Pinkaew, Thai film director, producer and screenwriter, in Nakhon Ratchasima Province
• Died: William R. Blair, Irish-born American physicist and inventor, most famous for the 1937 creation of the "Object Locating System" better known as radar. He was not allowed to apply for a patent until after World War II, and granted U.S. Patent No. 2,803,819 five years before his death.^[7]

September 3, 1962 (Monday)

• Jens Otto Krag succeeded the ailing Viggo Kampmann as Prime Minister of Denmark.^[8]
• Round 1 of the 1962–63 Football League Cup began in the UK.
• Died: E. E. Cummings, 67, American poet and author, following a cerebral hemorrhage the night before.^[9] Edward Elstin Cummings had written his last words the afternoon before, about delphinium flowers, chopped some wood, sharpened the axe, then collapsed in his home.;^[10] and Franz Schrönghamer-Heimdal, 81, German Catholic, Nazi, and anti-Semitic author

September 4, 1962 (Tuesday)

• The Beatles made their first recording of a song that would become a hit single, "Love Me Do", though it would become only their fourth #1 song in the United States, in 1964.^[11]
• The closing ceremony of the 1962 Asian Games was held in Jakarta, Indonesia, following an attack on India's embassy by 1,000 rioters. Earlier, Asian Games Federation Vice-President G. D. Sondhi had announced that he was seeking to have the executive council declare that the competition was not part of the name "Asian Games", because AGF members Israel and Nationalist China (Taiwan) had had their teams excluded.^[12]
• Born: Patrice Lagisquet, French rugby player and coach, in Arcachon; and Ulla Tørnæs, Danish politician

September 5, 1962 (Wednesday)

• Sputnik 4, a Soviet mockup of a manned spaceship, fell out of orbit after 843 days, having been launched on May 15, 1960.^[13] What was believed to be a 20-pound fragment landed at the intersection of North 8th Street and Park Street in Manitowoc, Wisconsin, which was along the path where the craft disintegration took place.^[14]
• "Cedar Hill", the home of Frederick Douglass, located at 1411 W Street S.E. in Washington, D.C., was acquired by the U.S. National Park Service and became "the first black national historic site".^[15] On the same date, Park Service acquired "Glenmont", the home (and laboratory) or Thomas Edison in West Orange, New Jersey.^[16]
• The composition of the American penny was changed to 95% copper and 5% zinc, which remained until 1982, when pennies became 97.5% zinc and 2.5% copper.^[17]
• Gilbert Chandler became leader of the Victorian Legislative Council in Australia.
• Died: Sekarmadji Maridjan Kartosuwirjo, 57, Indonesian Islamic mystic and rebel leader, executed by firing squad

September 6, 1962 (Thursday)

• The first of the "Blackfriars Ships" was discovered by archaeologist Peter Marsden in London, buried in the mud of the Thames River and literally "under the shadow of Blackfriars Bridge". With a cofferdam to hold back the waters during low tide, and assistance from the London Fire Brigade, the oak craft was excavated. From pottery shards in the wreckage, Marsden estimated that the ship sank during the 2nd century AD, when Britain was ruled by the Roman Empire.^[18]

September 7, 1962 (Friday)

• Robert Sténuit of Belgium was brought back from the bottom of the Mediterranean Sea, where he had become the first person to spend 24 hours on the ocean floor. Sténuit, who was lowered off the coast of France near Cap Ferrat, stayed inside a pressurized airtight cylinder designed by Edwin Link. Scheduled to remain below for two days in a 3.5 meter long cylinder, Sténuit was brought up early, after one day instead, but became the first living person to stay at least 24 hours in an underwater habitat on the ocean floor.^[19]
• Former French Prime Minister Georges Bidault, who had fled from France to Italy after being indicted for anti-government activities, was taken into custody at Rome and ordered to leave the Italy, with transportation "to the frontier of his choice".^[20]
• The Buckfastleigh, Totnes and South Devon Railway, in England, was closed by the Western Region of British Railways.
• Filming of Sergei Bondarchuk's War and Peace began, and would continue for another six years.
• Died: Karen Blixen, 77, Danish author known by her pen name of Isak Dinesen. As Dinesen, she wrote the memoir Out of Africa in 1937, which would become the basis for the 1985 film of the same name.
• Died: Morris Louis, 49, American painter

September 8, 1962 (Saturday)

• Cuban Missile Crisis: The first consignment of Soviet R-12 (called SS-4 by NATO) offensive missiles arrived in Cuba, on board the freighter Omsk.^[21] The medium range ballistic missiles, which could be fitted with nuclear warheads and could strike targets in the U.S. within 2,000 km or 1,300 miles of Cuba.^[22]
• Sino-Indian War: Two companies of Communist Chinese troops crossed the McMahon Line that had marked the border between India and China, to confront soldiers at the recently established Indian Army border post at Dhola.^[23]

September 9, 1962 (Sunday)

• Sino-Indian War: While India's Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was out of the country for the Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference in London, Defence Minister V. K. Krishna Menon gave the order for the Indian Army to "evict" Chinese troops from south of the McMahon Line, even though there were Indian troops north of the line in China. The decision proved to be a disaster.^[24][25]
• For the first time since Taiwan began U-2 overflights over Mainland China in January, one of the pilots of the Black Cat Squadron, the 35th Reconnaissance Squadron of the Republic of China Air Force, was shot down. Colonel Chen Huai-seng's U-2 plane was struck by an SA-2 Guideline missile near Nanchang, and Colonel Chen did not survive the crash. Another of the Black Cats, Major Wang Cheng-wen, was killed on the same day in an unrelated accidental crash of his U-2 plane.^[26]
• Pravda, the Soviet Communist Party newspaper, published the article "Plans, Profits, and Bonuses", by economics professor Evsei Liberman of the Kharkiv National University of Economics, as the Communist Party introduced discussion of new policies that would become a reality in the 1965 Soviet economic reform. Liberman's proposal was to depart from the Communist system, of measuring factory efficiency by whether a pre-set production quota had been met, and judging performance instead by the amount of the factories' profit, with the goal of increasing the quality and quantity of products.^[27]
• Born: Liza Marklund, Swedish journalist and crime writer, in Pålmark; and Jack Trudeau, American football player and radio presenter, in Forest Lake, Minnesota
• Died: Paavo Aaltonen, 42, Finnish gymnast and a three-time Olympic champion

September 10, 1962 (Monday)

• Rod Laver of Australia became only the second person in history to win the "Grand Slam" of tennis, as after taking the men's singles title in the US Open, by defeating fellow Queenslander Roy Emerson, 6-2, 6-4, 5-7 and 6-4. Earlier in 1962, he won the Australian Open (January), the French Open (June) and Wimbledon (July).^[28]
• Speaking for the U.S. Supreme Court, Justice Hugo Black halted further stays against enforcement of a lower court decision, and ordered the immediate admission of James Meredith as the first African-American student at the then-segregated University of Mississippi. Black wrote that the enrollment of Meredith as a student "can do no appreciable harm to the university".^[29][30]
• Waddington railway station, Honington railway station, and several others in Lincolnshire, were closed as a result of the Beeching Axe.
• Born: Co Stompé, Dutch darts player, in Amsterdam

September 11, 1962 (Tuesday)

• Cuban Missile Crisis: The Soviet Union publicly warned that a U.S. attack on Cuba, or on Soviet ships carrying supplies to the island, would mean war.^[31] In a statement read at the Foreign Office in Moscow, the government declared "One cannot now attack Cuba and expect that the aggressor will be free from punishment for this attack. If such an attack is made, this will be the beginning of unleashing war... which might plunge the world into the disaster of a universal world war with the use of thermonuclear weapons."^[32]
• Thurgood Marshall was confirmed by the U.S. Senate as a judge on the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, 353 days after he had been nominated, by a vote of 56-14.^[33] Marshall, an African-American who had argued the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education, and who would later be elevated to the U.S. Supreme Court, had been serving for eleven months after President Kennedy had made an appointment, subject to Senate approval, while Congress was not in session.^[34]
• Big Sur, by Jack Kerouac, was first published. Paul Maher, Jr., Kerouac: His Life and Work (Taylor Trade Publications, 2007) p428
• Died: Robert Soblen, 61, American spy, after overdosing on barbiturates while awaiting extradition from the United Kingdom.

September 12, 1962 (Wednesday)

• President John F. Kennedy, in a speech at the football stadium of Rice University in Houston, reaffirmed that the U.S. would put a man on the Moon by the end of the decade.^[35] On hand were 40,000 people, mostly students.^[36] Kennedy had declared, on May 25, 1961, his belief that the nation should commit to a manned moon landing, which would be achieved on July 20, 1969.^[37]
• The 1962 European Athletics Championships opened at the Partizan Stadium in Belgrade.

September 13, 1962 (Thursday)

• Governor of Mississippi Ross Barnett delivered a 20-minute address on statewide television and radio to urge state officials not to obey the federal court order to integrate the University of Mississippi, signing a legal document to implement the legal doctrine of interposition, whereby state law superseded a contrary federal government action. The Governor declared, "We will not drink from the cup of genocide. There is no case in history where the Caucasian race has survived integration." Barnett then made a proclamation, saying "I hereby direct each official to uphold and enforce the laws duly and legally enacted by the legislature of the State of Mississippi, regardless of this unwarranted, illegal and arbitrary usurpation of power," and added, "There is no cause which is more moral and just than the protection of the integrity of our races."^[38]
• Grenadian general election, 1962: Herbert Blaize's Grenada National Party won six of the ten seats, and Blaize was appointed Chief Minister for the second time.^[39]

September 14, 1962 (Friday)

• Teledu Cymru (now Wales West and North Television) went on air to the North and West Wales region, extending ITV to the whole of the United Kingdom.^[40]
• Died: William Lindsay Gresham, 53, American novelist and non-fiction author, by suicide
• [Religion] Late Archbishop Frederick S. Modise of the International Pentecost Holiness Church in South Africa begins his ministry. This is after battling a long illness that Doctors could not diagnose and treat. On 3 October 1962 a voice spoke to him that he would be home on 14 September. Since then he was healed and went on to heal other patients in hospital and also through his ministry.

September 15, 1962 (Saturday)

• Cuban Missile Crisis: The first Soviet medium-range missiles were deployed in Cuba, a week after their arrival.^[22] On the same day, American electronic intelligence detected that Soviet high-altitude surface-to-air missiles had become operational. An SA-2 (or S-75) Dvina missile had downed the U-2 spy plane flown by Francis Gary Powers in 1960, and the weapons, located near the port of Mariel, were capable of stopping further American attempts to verify a missile buildup.^[41]
• Iran's foreign minister Abbas Aram, and Soviet Union Ambassador Nikolai Pegov, signed an agreement providing that Iran would not allow any foreign nation to set up rocket bases on its soil.^[42]
• Died: William Coblentz, 88, American physicist

September 16, 1962 (Sunday)

• The first semiconductor laser began operation, using a gallium arsenide compound. The initial test was done by Gunter Fenner at the General Electric Research Laboratory in Schenectady, New York.^[43]
• The Italian Grand Prix was held at Monza and won by Graham Hill.
• Born: Josephus Thimister, Belgian designer, in Maastricht

September 17, 1962 (Monday)

• Nine new American astronauts, officially members of NASA Astronaut Group 2, were introduced at a press conference in Houston.^[44] The "New Nine" were Neil Armstrong, Frank Borman, Pete Conrad, Jim Lovell, James McDivitt, Elliot See, Thomas P. Stafford, Edward H. White and John W. Young. Armstrong would become the first man to walk on the Moon (Conrad would be third and Young ninth). Borman and Lovell would orbit the Moon; White would be the first American to "walk in space" but would die in the fire of Apollo 1, and See would die in a plane crash before he could be launched into space.^[45]

A Mil Mi-8

• The final prototype of the Mil Mi-8 helicopter, with 1,500 shaft horsepower engines, was given its initial test flight. The Soviet, and later Russian-built machine would sell more units than any other helicopter in history.^[46]
• Khalid al-Azm became Prime Minister of Syria for the sixth (and last) time, succeeding Bashir al-Azma. The Ba'ath Party would overthrow the Syrian government on March 8, 1963, and al-Azm would be arrested.^[47]
• BBC Wales Today was broadcast for the first time. As of September 17, 2012, it will have been on the air for fifty years as one of the world's longest-running daily television news programmes.
• Born: BeBe Winans, American gospel singer, in Detroit; and Paul Feig, American TV director and actor, in Royal Oak, Michigan

September 18, 1962 (Tuesday)

• U.S. Marine Corps helicopters flew a combat mission from Da Nang, South Vietnam, for the first time, airlifting South Vietnamese troops into the hills south of Da Nang.^[48]
• Died: Therese Neumann, 64, German Catholic mystic and stigmatic. Her followers said that she had inedia, the ability to survive without food, and that she had stopped eating in 1926.^[49]

September 19, 1962 (Wednesday)

The last Imam of Yemen

• Prince Saif Al-Islam Muhammad al-Badr became the new Imam of Yemen, following the death of his 71-year-old father, the 71-year-old Imam Ahmad bin Yahya, who was described at his death as "despotic", "the perennial target of assassins", and a man "said to have died from natural causes hastened by old wounds. The following day, al-Badr was proclaimed at the Imam Al-Mansoor Billah.^[50] His reign would last for a week before he was overthrown.^[51]

"Vicious ugliness'- the Dyna-Soar

• A full-scale mockup of the Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar spaceplane was unveiled for reporters in Las Vegas, where the Air Force Association was holding its annual convention, and the six pilots who would be the first to fly the X-20 were introduced. "Technical men familiar with sketches and photographs of the X-20 were startled by the vicious ugliness" of the plane, the Associated Press reported, noting that "With its uptruned wingtips and long snout, the X-20 looks like its designer had somehow managed to cross a manta ray with a shark." "Our Black Dyna-Soar Shows Its Ugly Snout"^[52] The Dyna-Soar project, scheduled for a 1965 launch, would be cancelled after cost overruns, and none were ever built.
• Cuban Missile Crisis: The United States Intelligence Board reviewed all available data on arms shipments to Cuba, and reporte to President Kennedy that there was no basis for speculation that nuclear missiles would be placed there.^[53]
• The first episode of The Virginian, starring James Drury in the title role (the character's real name was never revealed), was shown on NBC as the first 90-minute weekly TV series. It would run nine seasons, ending in 1971.^[54]
• Died: Nikolai Pogodin (real name Nikolai Stukalov), 61, Soviet playwright

September 20, 1962 (Thursday)

• Escorted by federal marshals James Meredith arrived at Oxford, Mississippi, in order to become the first African-American to enroll at the University of Mississippi. Governor Ross Barnett personally blocked his entrance into the admissions building.^[55]
• Algerian legislative election, 1962: Voting was conducted for the first Constituent Assembly since Algerian independence, with voters being given a choice of "yes" or "no" for the 196 candidates from the National Liberation Front, led by Ahmed Ben Bella.^[56]

• The MGB sports car was introduced by MG Cars. Over the next 18 years, 500,000 MGBs would be sold, making it the best selling sports car in history.^[57]
• Died: Robert Colquhoun, 47, Scottish painter, printmaker and theatre set designer; and Conrad Emil Lambert Helfrich, 75, Dutch naval commander of World War II

September 21, 1962 (Friday)

• Composer Igor Stravinsky returned to Russia after an absence of 48 years, as a guest of the Soviet Union.^[58]
• The UN General Assembly approved a ceasefire agreement between Indonesia and the Netherlands, with UN military observers from six nations monitoring the agreement. A larger UN Security Force would arrive at West Irian on October 3.^[59]
• The British music magazine New Musical Express published a story about two 13-year-old schoolgirls, "Sue" and "Mary", releasing a disc on Decca, and added that "A Liverpool group, The Beatles, have recorded 'Love Me Do' for Parlophone Records, set for October 5 release."
• Born: Rob Morrow, American actor, in New Rochelle, New York
• Died: Marie Bonaparte, 80, French author and psychoanalyst

September 22, 1962 (Saturday)

• Autostrada 1, a 125-mile long superhighway between Rome and Naples, was opened to traffic. Travel time between the two Italian cities was cut almost in half, from 3 1/2 hours to two hours.^[60]
• Sino-Indian War: India's Defence Ministry officials met to discuss plans to drive out Chinese troops from the disputed border area at Thang La ridge. Despite the argument by General P.N. Thaper, the Chief of the Army Staff of Indian Army, that Chinese troops at the border outnumbered those from India, General Thaper was given a written order to "prepare and throw out the Chinese as soon as possible".^[25]
• Born: Sirous Ghayeghran, Iranian footballer, in Bandar Anzali (died 1998)

September 23, 1962 (Sunday)

The new Philharmonic Hall

• The Jetsons - George, Jane, Judy and Elroy - were introduced in a primetime cartoon of the same name at 7:30 pm Eastern time on the ABC television network. Despite having only 24 episodes, the science fiction show, about a family living about 100 years in the future, would be rerun for 23 years until new episodes were commissioned for a syndicated revival in 1985.^[61]
• The Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts, including its modern Philharmonic Hall, later Avery Fisher Hall, opened in New York City. The inaugural concert, which was televised live on CBS, featured Leonard Bernstein, the New York Philharmonic Orchestra, and a host of operatic stars such as Eileen Farrell and Robert Merrill.^[62]
• Unbeknownst to the world, Pope John XXIII was diagnosed with terminal stomach cancer; he would pass away on June 3, 1963.^[63]
• The Soviet Union Council of Ministers approved the development of the Global Rocket 1 (GR-1) missile, with the goal of a weapon with a range of 20,000 km or 12,500 miles, capable of hitting a target anywhere on Earth. The project was cancelled in 1964 in favor of the R-36 orbiting missile, designated as the SS-18 by NATO.^[64]
• Flying Tiger Line Flight 923 crashed into the Atlantic Ocean after three of its four engines failed. The L-1049H Super Constellation was on its way from the United States to West Germany when it ditched at sea with 76 people on board, of whom 28 died. The other 48 were rescued by the Swiss ship Celerina.^[65] The crash investigation determined that the accident was caused by the failure of engine No. 3, the accidental closing of a shutoff valve on engine No. 1 by the flight engineer, and the failure of engine No. 2 as the plane was proceeding to the nearest available airport.^[66]
• Born: Robert Molle, Canadian athlete who won a silver Olympic medal (1984) in wrestling, and later captained the Winnipeg Blue Bombers of the Canadian Football League; in Saskatoon

September 24, 1962 (Monday)

• Samuel Barber's Piano Concerto, performed by John Browning, premiered at the Philharmonic Hall.^[67]
• Born: Ally McCoist, Scottish footballer, manager and television personality, in Bellshill; and Sergey Schepkin, Russian pianist, in St. Petersburg

September 25, 1962 (Tuesday)

• Sonny Liston and Floyd Patterson fought for the world heavyweight boxing title in Chicago. Liston made history by being the first man ever to knock out a reigning heavyweight champion in the first round, downing the titleholder in 2 minutes and 6 seconds.^[68]
• In Yemen, Abdullah as-Sallal launched a coup d'état aimed at the overthrow of the new Imam, Muhammad al-Badr. Sallal's troops shelled the royal palace, thought they had buried the Imam in the rubble, and proclaimed his death on Aden radio. But al-Badr had escaped and would attempt a rebellion against the newly proclaimed^[69]
• Ferhat Abbas was elected the President of Algeria by the new Constitutional Assembly, which formally proclaimed the foundation of the Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria during their opening session.^[70]

September 26, 1962 (Wednesday)

• The Beverly Hillbillies, a television situation comedy about a poor Ozark Mountains family who became multi-millionaires after oil was found on their land, began a nine-year run on the CBS network, with the first episode premiering at 9:00 pm Eastern time. Within three weeks, it was the most-watched series on American television, and stayed at #1 in its first two seasons. The show had 274 episodes, with the final one broadcast on March 23, 1971.^[71]
• A flash flood in the Catalonian region of Spain killed 445 people, in Barcelona and in the nearby villages of Sabadell and Terrassa.^[72]
• North Yemen Civil War: By midday, all areas of San'a were in the hands of the new Yemen government, led by Abdullah as-Sallal, and he proclaimed the Yemen Arab Republic.^[73]
• Born: Dragan Mance, Serbian footballer, in Belgrade (died 1985); and Mark Haddon, English author of children's books, in Northampton

September 27, 1962 (Thursday)

• Rachel Carson's book Silent Spring was released, giving rise to the modern environmentalist movement.^[74]
• The 25th Canadian Parliament opened its first and only session, adjourning on February 6, 1963.^[75]

September 28, 1962 (Friday)

• Prime Minister Ahmed Ben Bella founded the first government of independent Algeria.^[76]
• Yemeni radio announced the death of former ruler, Muhammad al-Badr. Al-Badr had, in fact, escaped the country and was living in Saudi Arabia.^[77]
• Born: Fred Merkel, American motorcycle racing champion, in Stockton, California

September 29, 1962 (Saturday)

• The Canadian Alouette 1, the first satellite built outside the United States and the Soviet Union, was launched from Vandenberg AFB in California.^[78]
• My Fair Lady ended its Broadway run after more than six years and 2,717 performances, a Broadway record that would stand until surpassed later by Hello, Dolly!^[79]
• Reconnaissance aircraft indicated the formation of a tropical depression to the east of the Lesser Antilles, which would later develop into Hurricane Daisy.
• Died: Muhammad VIII al-Amin, 85, last Bey of Tunisia.^[80]
• "President Kennedy issued a proclamation commanding all persons engaged in the obstruction of the laws and the orders of the courts to "cease and desist therefrom and to disperse and retire peaceably forthwith", citing his authority under 10 U.S.C. § 332, § 333, and § 334 to use the militia or the armed forces to suppress any insurrection, domestic violence, unlawful combination, or conspiracy."

September 30, 1962 (Sunday)

• In the final scheduled games of the 1962 Major League Baseball season, the San Francisco Giants (100-61) defeated the Houston Colt .45s, 2-1, while the Los Angeles Dodgers (101-60) lost to the St. Louis Cardinals, 1-0, giving both the Giants and Dodgers identical 101-61 records and first place in the National League, and forcing a playoff series between the two.^[81] The Dodgers, who had had a two-game lead with only four games left in the season, went on to lose the playoff to the Giants, who would go on to the 1962 World Series.
• James Meredith was escorted by a team of United States Marshals to the campus of the University of Mississippi for enrollment as the first African-American student at "Ole Miss".^[82] That evening, at 8:15 pm, rioting broke out as a mob joined students on the campus, and the 4,000 troops of the 108th Armored Cavalry Regiment of the Mississippi National Guard was "federalized" under the command of Brigadier General Charles Billingslea of the U.S. Army to restore order, taking the side of the United States against the State of Mississippi.^[83] Two people were killed by unknown persons. Paul Guihard, a British reporter on assignment for the Agence France-Presse, was shot in the back, and a local jukebox repairman, George Gunter, was shot in the head.^[84]
• The National Farm Workers of America, which later merged with the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee to form the United Farm Workers of America, was founded in Fresno, California by Cesar Chavez.^[85]
• The CBS Radio Network broadcast the final episodes of Suspense and Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar, marking the end of the Golden Age of Radio.^[86]

References