Restrictions on cell phone use while driving in the United States

Cell phone use is regulated by local ordinance during certain hours in Southside Place, Texas, in Greater Houston

Various laws in the United States regulate the use of mobile phones and other electronics by motorists. Different states take different approaches. Some laws affect only novice drivers or commercial drivers, while some laws affect all drivers. Some laws target handheld devices only, while other laws affect both handheld and handsfree devices.

Regulatory laws

The laws regulating driving (or distracted driving) may be subject to primary enforcement or secondary enforcement by state, county or local authorities.[1] All State-level cell phone use laws in the United States are of the primary enforcement type—meaning an officer may cite a driver for using a hand-held cell phone without any other traffic offense having taken place—except in some cases involving newer (or "novice"), drivers.[2] In the case of secondary enforcement, a police officer may only stop or cite a driver for a cell phone use violation if the driver has committed another primary violation (such as speeding, failure to stop, etc.) at the same time.

A federal transportation funding law passed in July 2012, known as the Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (MAP-21), provided $17.5 million in grants during fiscal year 2013 for states with primary enforcement laws against distracted driving, including laws prohibiting cell phone use while driving. States with secondary enforcement laws or no laws at all are ineligible to receive this grant funding.[3][4]

Laws by state

No state bans all cell phone use for all drivers. However, California, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Maryland, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Vermont, Washington, West Virginia (plus Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico, Guam and the U.S. Virgin Islands) prohibit all drivers from using hand-held cell phones while driving. 36 states and Washington, D.C. ban all cell phone use by newer drivers; while 19 states and Washington, D.C. prohibit any cell phone use by school bus drivers if children are present.[2]

Table: Cell Phone Restrictions While Driving in the US and Territories[5]
StateTotal handheld device ban applied to:Any cell phone use by driver prohibited if:Bus driver use restriction(s)Texting & Internet AccessComment
Alabama 16 and under, and 17 w/ temporary license or if licensed under six months (primary violation) texting prohibited (primary)[6]
Alaska totally prohibited No restrictions on cell phone use[7]
Arizona texting prohibited[6] none[6]
Arkansas 18–20 years old (primary violation) under 18 (secondary violation) totally prohibited texting prohibited (primary)[6] Any cell phone use prohibited in school or construction zones (secondary violation).
California All (primary violation)[8] under 18 (secondary violation)[9] totally prohibited (primary) texting prohibited[6]
Colorado on learner's permit or under 18 (primary violation)[8] totally prohibited (primary)[6]
Connecticut All (primary violation) under 18 (primary violation) totally prohibited
Delaware All (primary violation) on learner or intermediate license (primary violation)[8] totally prohibited
Florida Cell phone use allowed while operating a car as long as the sound goes through only one ear.[8]
Georgia under 18 (primary violation) totally prohibited
Guam All (primary violation)
Hawaii All (primary violation)[10] under 18 (primary violation) totally prohibited Statewide law entered into force July 2013; all counties had existing bans on cell phone use. Drivers 18 and older may use hands-free devices.[10]
Idaho No statewide laws enacted; authorities track "distractions" on accident reports.
Illinois All (primary violation) any driver under 19 (primary violation) totally prohibited Any cell phone use prohibited in school or construction zones or within 500 feet of an emergency scene (primary violation).[11]
Indiana under 18 (primary violation)
Iowa on restricted or intermediate license (primary violation)
Kansas on learner or intermediate license (primary violation)
Kentucky under 18 (primary violation) totally prohibited
Louisiana learner or intermediate license holder (regardless of age) (primary violation) 1st year of license (primary violation if under 18) totally prohibited
Maine under 18 (primary violation) under 18 w/ learner or provisional license (secondary violation)[8]
Maryland all (primary violation)[12] under 18 w/ restricted learner or intermediate license[8]
Massachusetts under 18 (primary violation) totally prohibited Cell phone use allowed as long as one hand is on the wheel at all times.[8]
Michigan level-1 or level-2 license (primary violation)
Minnesota under 18 w/ learner or provisional license (primary violation)[8] totally prohibited
Mississippi totally prohibited
Missouri
Montana None.
Nebraska under 18 w/ learner or intermediate license (secondary violation)
Nevada all (primary violation)[13]
New Hampshire all (primary violation) totally prohibited # (1st Offence) $100 Fine
  1. (2nd Offence) $250 Fine.
  2. (3rd Offence) $500 Fine, + a 2-year suspension of drivers license.
New Jersey all (primary violation)[14] on permit or provisional license (primary violation).[8] totally prohibited
New Mexico all (primary violation)[8] on learner or provisional license (primary violation)
New York all (primary violation)[15]
North Carolina under 18 (primary violation) totally prohibited
North Dakota under 18 (primary violation)
Ohio under 18 (primary violation)[16]
Oklahoma learner or intermediate license holder (primary violation) totally prohibited
Oregon all (primary violation) under 18 (primary violation)[8]
Pennsylvania No state laws enacted.[8]
Puerto Rico all (primary violation)
Rhode Island under 18 (primary violation)[8] totally prohibited
South Carolina Authorities can impose fines and track "distractions" on accident reports under Contributing Factors.
South Dakota on learner or intermediate license (secondary violation)
Tennessee on learner or intermediate license (primary violation)[8] totally prohibited texting prohibited [17]
Texas Driving through school zones under 18 (primary violation) totally prohibited
Utah under 18 (primary violation) Regulated under distracted driving laws.[8]
Vermont all (primary violation) under 18 (primary violation) [18]
Virgin Islands all (primary violation)
Virginia under 18 (primary violation)[8] under 18 (secondary violation)[8] totally prohibited Use of phone for text, video, or GPS by the driver whilst vehicle is operational on state roads is prohibited.
Washington all (primary violation)[8] on learner or intermediate license (primary violation)
Washington, D.C. all (primary violation) on learner permit (primary violation)[8] totally prohibited
West Virginia all (primary violation) under 18 w/ learner or intermediate license (primary violation)
Wisconsin Driving through construction zones on learner or intermediate license (primary violation)
Wyoming on learner or intermediate license (primary violation)[8]

Preemption Laws

Often, local authorities pass their own distracted driving bans—most include the use of cell phones while driving. Several states (Florida, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Nevada, Pennsylvania, and Oklahoma) have prohibited localities from enacting preemption laws.[2]

Cost of distracted driving

A 2014 report from the National Safety Council, which compiles data on injuries and fatalities from 2013 and earlier, concluded that use of mobile phones caused 26% of U.S. car accidents.[19] Just 5% of mobile phone-related accidents in the U.S. involved texting: "The majority of the accidents involve drivers distracted while talking on handheld or hands-free cellphones."[19]

The U.S. Department of Transportation has established an official website to combat distracted driving, Distraction.gov.[20]

In 2010, the State Farm insurance company stated that mobile phone use annually resulted in: 636,000 crashes, 330,000 personal injuries, 12,000 major injuries, 2,700 deaths, and US$43 billion in damages.[21]

See also

Texting while driving

References

  1. ↑ State Laws; G"overnment: Get the Facts;" retrieved April 2013
  2. 1 2 3 Cellphone Laws; GHSA on line; retrieved April 30, 2013
  3. ↑ National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) (August 22, 2012), U.S. Department of Transportation Announces New Federal Grant Program to Help States Fight Distracted Driving, retrieved August 30, 2013
  4. ↑ American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) (August 24, 2012), "States Vie for New Federal Funding to Help End Distracted Driving", AASHTO Journal, retrieved August 30, 2013
  5. ↑ Cell Phone Driving Bans...; PC World; retrieved May 01, 2013
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cellular Phone Use and Texting While Driving Laws; NCSL online; accessed October 4, 2016
  7. ↑ Alaska Driving Laws; NOLO organization online; Accessed October 4, 2016
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Let's Talk (May 1, 2013). "Cell Phone Driving Laws by State". Archived from the original on December 26, 2012.
  9. ↑ Cell Phones and Driving in California; NOLO.com; retrieved May 01, 2013
  10. 1 2 Busek, Amy (May 21, 2013), "Law bans driver's use of cellphone", Honolulu Star-Advertiser, retrieved July 22, 2013 (subscription required)
  11. ↑ Cell Phone Laws; Insurance institute for Highway Safety; retrieved April 2013
  12. ↑ New Bill Makes Talking On Handheld Cell Phone While Driving Primary Offense; March 03, 2013 article; CBS Baltimore; retrieved May 01, 2013
  13. ↑ Handheld Cell Phone Ban; Nevada DOT online; retrieved May 01, 2013
  14. ↑ [The New Jersey Driver Manual]
  15. ↑ Cell Phone; NYS: Department of Motor Vehicles on line; retrieved April 2013
  16. ↑ Ticketing begins on state law prohibiting cellphone use by young drivers: Road Rant; February 28, 2013 article; by John Horton; at The Plain Dealer; retrieved April 2013
  17. ↑ http://law.justia.com/codes/tennessee/2010/title-55/chapter-8/55-8-199
  18. ↑ Morning Commuters Mostly Stow Cellphones; Burlington Freepress on line; accessed October 2016
  19. 1 2 Gabrielle Kratsas, Cellphone use causes over 1 in 4 car accidents, USA Today (March 28, 2014).
  20. ↑ Distraction.gov, U.S. Department of Transportation.
  21. ↑ Cell Phone Use While Driving; State Farm – Learning Center; retrieved May 01, 2013

Further reading

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