Raoul Hoffman

Raoul J. Hoffman was a Hungarian engineer who moved to the United States of America and is notable for the aircraft he designed or helped to design.

Aircraft design

Hoffman helped develop the Laird Super Solution racer, and Owl Trimototor. Later he worked for C.L. Snyder's company Arup Manufacturing Corporation, developing a series of tailless aircraft known as the Arup S-1, and S-2.^[1] When diagnosed with tuberculosis, Hoffman moved to St. Petersburg, Florida and developed his own version^[2] for a customer in Chicago, Illinois. After poor performance, and arson destroying the Arup S-3 follow-on, Hoffman returned to Arup to develop the Arup S-4.^[3]

Hoffman's aircraft

The aircraft which Hoffman designed during his absence from Arup was of similar tailless semi-circular "heel wing" configuration to the Arup designs. It is sometimes mistakenly described as a flying wing, but in fact it has a pronounced fuselage nacelle protruding above and forward of the wing.

Design and development

The chord of Hoffman's own design spanned from the rear of the cowling along the entire fuselage of the aircraft. The thickness of the wing was up to 20 in (51 cm) at the root. From the top the wing appeared semi-circular with a slightly swept leading edge. The aircraft used a conventional taildragger configuration with retractable landing gear. The center section and controls were welded steel tubing, the rest was spruce wood with aircraft fabric covering.^[4]

Operational history

The test aircraft used fixed landing gear for trials. Test flights were successful, with the aircraft winning an impromptu race against a 165 hp (123 kW) conventional aircraft.^[5] Visibility was noted as poor compared to conventional aircraft. During later 1936 testing, the prototype caught fire and crashed, killing its test pilot.^[6]

Specifications

Data from Popular Aviation

General characteristics

• Capacity: 2
• Length: 17 ft 8 in (5.38 m)
• Wingspan: 22 ft 8 in (6.91 m)
• Wing area: 237 sq ft (22.0 m²)
• Airfoil: M6 at root M1 at tips
• Empty weight: 900 lb (408 kg)
• Fuel capacity: 16 US gallons (61 litres)
• Powerplant: 1 × ADC Cirrus , 85 hp (63 kW)
• Propellers: 2-bladed, 7 ft (2.1 m) diameter

Performance

• Maximum speed: 117 kn; 217 km/h (135 mph)
• Stall speed: 24 kn; 45 km/h (28 mph)

See also

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

• 1918 Stout Batwing
• Arup S-4

References

• "Flying Flatfish", Flight, p. 452, 25 April 1935