Prostitution in Hong Kong

Prostitution in Hong Kong is itself legal, but organised prostitution is illegal, as there are laws against keeping a vice establishment, causing or procuring another to be a prostitute, living on the prostitution of others, or public solicitation.[1]

The most visible public venues for sex workers in Hong Kong, especially for tourists, are massage parlours and the so-called "Japanese style night clubs". However, most of the commercial sex worker industry consists of women working in small, usually one room apartments, usually referred to as "one-woman brothels", the equivalent of the "walk-up brothel" in the United Kingdom. They advertise for clients through the Internet and local classifieds. Most popular mainstream newspapers will carry such classifieds with a brothel guides as an insert within racing form guides. Yellow neon advertising boxes were used to advertise sexual services to such an extent that "yellow" (黃) became synonymous with prostitution.

The laws of Hong Kong currently allow classified ads for prostitution and websites[2] that allow clients to make appointments with prostitutes.

History

Population census in 1865 and 1866 recorded 81 and 134 "Chinese brothel keepers".[3] The 1874 Annual Report of the Colonial Surgeon reported that there were "123 licensed Chinese brothels, containing 1,358 prostitutes".[4] From 1879 to 1932, prostitution was legal and regulated, and prostitutes were required to register for licenses, pay tax, and have regular health examination. Prostitution boomed in the districts of Sai Ying Pun, Wan Chai, Mong Kok and Yau Ma Tei. In 1930 Hong Kong, with a population of 1.6 million, boasted 200 legal brothels with over 7,000 licensed prostitutes.[5] But in 1932, the Hong Kong government issued a ban on prostitution and three years later licensed prostitution ended. From that time on, prostitution was permitted within strict limits while prohibiting a whole host of activities surrounding prostitution, such as soliciting for sex and living off "immoral earnings" (working as a pimp).[6] It has also attracted prostitutes from other countries. Most of them have come from Southeast Asia, and even from Europe and the United States.[7]

Although organised prostitution is illegal, the industry had always been under the influence of triads to recruit economically disadvantaged women who otherwise would never enter the profession voluntarily. Until the 1980s, most Hong Kong underground sex establishments were run by gangsters.[8] During the 1990s, however, Hong Kong saw a massive shift in the form of prostitution. There was an influx of "northern girls" (Chinese: 北姑) from mainland China who worked as prostitutes illegally in Hong Kong on their short tourist visas;[9] local voluntary prostitutes also increased dramatically in number. As a result, gangsters could no longer make a profit by coercion and their controlling power declined.[8]

Early red light districts

Lyndhurst Terrace and the surrounding area were the location of some of the earliest brothels established in Hong Kong,[10] in the mid-19th century. The Cantonese name of the street, 擺花 (pai fa) literally means "flower arrangement", possibly because of presence of numerous stalls in the area in the mid-19th century, selling flowers[11] to the customers of the nearby brothels.[12] The name of Lyndhurst Terrace appears in this context in James Joyce's Finnegans Wake, published in 1939.[13][14] Western prostitutes concentrated there, while Chinese brothels were located in the Tai Ping Shan area near Po Hing Fong.[15] The Chinese writer Wang Tao wrote in 1860 that Tai Ping Shan Street was full of brothels: "gaudy houses, sporting brightly painted doors and windows with fancy curtains".[16] The brothels gradually moved to Possession Street and relocated to Shek Tong Tsui in 1903.[15]

From 1884 to 1887 many brothels were declared by the Government to be unlicensed and closed down. These were mainly in First, Second and Third Street, but also in Sheung Fung Lane, Ui on Lane and Centre Street.

In the early 1900s Spring Garden Lane and Sam Pan Street (三板街) in Wan Chai became a red-light district with western and Chinese prostitutes. To attract attention, brothels were displaying large street number plates, and the area became known as "Big Number Brothels".[15][17]

Tanka prostitutes

Andrew and Bushnell (2006) wrote extensively on the position of women in the British Empire and the Tanka inhabitants of Hong Kong and their position in the prostitution industry, catering towards foreign sailors. The Tanka did not marry with the Chinese; being descendants of the natives, they were restricted to the waterways. They supplied their women as prostitutes to British sailors and assisted the British in their military actions around Hong Kong.[18] The Tanka in Hong Kong were considered "outcasts" categorised low class.[19]

Ordinary Chinese prostitutes were afraid of serving Westerners since they looked strange to them, while the Tanka prostitutes freely mingled with western men.[20] The Tanka assisted the Europeans with supplies and providing them with prostitutes.[21][22] Low class European men in Hong Kong easily formed relations with the Tanka prostitutes.[23] The profession of prostitution among the Tanka women led to them being hated by the Chinese both because they had sex with westerners and them being racially Tanka.[24]

The Tanka prostitutes were considered to be "low class", greedy for money, arrogant, and treating clients with a bad attitude, they were known for punching their clients or mocking them by calling them names.[25] Though the Tanka prostitutes were considered low class, their brothels were still remarkably well kept and tidy.[26] A famous fictional story which was written in the 1800s depicted western items decorating the rooms of Tanka prostitutes.[27]

The stereotype among most Chinese in Canton that all Tanka women were prostitutes was common, leading the government during the Republican era to accidentally inflate the number of prostitutes when counting, due to all Tanka women being included.[28][29] The Tanka women were viewed as such that their prostitution activities were considered part of the normal bustle of a commercial trading city.[30] Sometimes the lowly regarded Tanka prostitutes managed to elevate themselves into higher forms of prostitution.[31][32]

Tanka women were ostracised from the Cantonese community, and were nicknamed "salt water girls " (ham shui mui in Cantonese) for their services as prostitutes to foreigners in Hong Kong.[33][34]

Tanka women who worked as prostitutes for foreigners also commonly kept a "nursery" Tanka girls specifically for exporting them for prostitution work to overseas Chinese communities such as in Australia or America, or to serve as a Chinese or foreigner's concubine.[35]

A report called "Correspondence respecting the alleged existence of Chinese slavery in Hong Kong: presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty" was presented to the English Parliament in 1882 concerning the existence of slavery in Hong Kong, of which many were Tanka girls serving as prostitutes or mistresses to westerners.

Japanese prostitutes

Main article: Karayuki-san

Japanese prostitutes called Karayuki-san, many coming from poor villages in Kyushu, started coming to Hong Kong in 1879, and constituted the majority of Japanese residents of the territory in the 1880s and 1890s. There were 13 licensed Japanese brothels and 132 prostitutes in Hong Kong in 1901, with the figure reaching a peak of 172 in 1908. Initially located in Central, the Japanese brothels later moved to Wan Chai.[38]

Types and venues

An apartment in Kowloon with a sticker for the website 161sex.com and an "open" sign

Migrant sex workers

A handwritten sign advertising the prices for various nationalities of women outside a brothel on Soy Street in Kowloon.

Thailand and Philippines

Another major aspect of this trade is migrant sex workers. These sex workers are particularly visible in the Wan Chai district, catering mainly to Western businessmen and tourists. The sex workers operating in this area are predominantly Thai (including transsexuals) and Filipino. Many work on a freelance basis in Wan Chai bars and discothèques.

There are several NGOs that work closely with sex workers in Hong Kong; these include Ziteng and Aids Concern. Ziteng campaigns for changes in the law, in particular the overturn of ban on brothels with more than one prostitute, since this prevents sex workers banding together for protection.

Many migrant sex workers arrive on a short tourist visa and try to make as much as money as possible by prostituting illegally before leaving Hong Kong, some returning frequently. There are also "underground" organisations (such as Thai restaurants and escort bars) that arrange for foreign (usually Thai) and mainland girls to gain work in Hong Kong legally with an entertainment visa, but in fact they actually work in go-go bars in Wan Chai or other hostess clubs around Hong Kong.[44]

Russia and East Europe

In recent years, prostitutes from Eastern Europe and Russia have also came to Hong Kong.[7] Fake contracts, often for domestic service, facilitate trafficking in Hong Kong where a large number of East European women are also trafficked for prostitution purposes.[45]

Mainland China

Despite the more visible presence of Thai and Filipino sex workers in Hong Kong, the majority of migrant sex workers who come to Hong Kong are from mainland China. It is reported that with RMB10,000–20,000, mainland Chinese girls would normally secure a three-month visa. Other frequent or previously deported visitors might experience tight visa requirements and would normally obtain only seven-day visas.[46] Owing to the short stays and other expensive costs (to pay for the travel arrangements and cover the high cost of renting apartments, advertising etc. in Hong Kong), sex workers would exert all their energy and work from morning till night during their seven-day stay. The necessity to make money quickly also means that the sex workers are more likely to take risks.[47] The advent of the Two-way Permit and relaxation of restrictions on mainlanders to visit Hong Kong has continued to fuel the supply of workers from the mainland, even though working would be in theory a violation of the visa conditions.[48]

Many mainland girls advertise their services on websites where they put their pictures, contact numbers and service charges. The youngest and most attractive may offer their services to customers at three- or four-star hotels and provide their services there; their own accommodation is less likely to be of this quality, but usually within a walk or short ride away from the main clusters of hotels, to which they are led to by their pimps, known locally as "grooms" (馬伕).

Older, less attractive girls will find themselves working in the one woman brothels as "phoenixes" (鳳), a term derived from the similarity of the Chinese word for prostitute to that of chicken (雞). Prices are lower than for girls who target the tourist hotels, variations in price being a product of location, with those working within the corridor formed by Nathan Road being on the whole higher than that found in the towns of the New Territories.

Prostitution in Hong Kong is legal, but subject to various restrictions, mainly intended to keep it away from the public eye.[6] These restrictions are manifested in the form of prohibiting a whole host of activities surrounding prostitution, including soliciting and advertising for sex, working as pimps, running brothels and organised prostitution. For instance, by the Hong Kong legal code Chapter 200 Section 147, any person who "solicits for any immoral purpose" in a public place may receive a maximum penalty of HK$10,000 ($1,280) and six months' imprisonment. In practice, a woman on the street in certain areas well known for streetwalkers such as Sham Shui Po might well be arrested even if seen smiling at a male passer-by.[6] Advertisement of sex services, including signboards, illuminated signs and posters, is also prohibited, and an offence may result in imprisonment for 12 months.[49] In a test case in 2005 involving sex141.com – an internet site created by two programmers who tailored on-line advertisements for prostitutes – its two principals were convicted of one count each of "conspiring to live off the earnings of prostitution arising from the ads that appeared on their website". They were each fined $100,000 ($12,800) and given a suspended sentence of eight months in prison. Time Out records it as the 36th most popular website in Hong Kong.[50] As of November 2011, the site is active and ranks 47th most frequented site in Hong Kong.[51] The site was shut down by the authorities in early December 2013 because the syndicate that controls it is allegedly engaged in activities that are otherwise illegal.[52]

Organized prostitution, in the form of directing "over another person for the purpose of... that person's prostitution", is forbidden by Section 130, and an offence may result in 14 years of imprisonment.[53] Sections 131 and 137, which are aimed at pimps, stipulate a jail sentence of seven years as the maximum penalty for "procuring another person to become a prostitute" and "living on earnings of prostitution of others".[54] Under Hong Kong law, it is also illegal to organise arrangement of sex deals for more than one woman; violators are subject to a HK$20,000 fine and seven years' imprisonment.[40] Therefore, if two women are found serving customers in the same apartment, it is an illegal brothel. This gives rise to the so-called "one-woman brothel" where one woman receives customers in her apartment, which is restricted by Section 141, which prohibits young persons to engage in prostitution.[55] This is the most common form of legal prostitution in Hong Kong.[41]

Strategies to avoid the prohibition on brothels

Brothels are illegal, prostitution in private however is legal. So, many prostitutes in Hong Kong are "one for one" girls. To avoid the operation of an illegal brothel, triads will purchase apartments in certain apartment blocks – usually older tenements – for subdivision, and "sublet" them for amounts several times the prevailing rent for equivalent-sized units so that the letter of the law is complied with. The girls advertise their services on web sites or in local publications.[52]

Another avoidance strategy is to operate a karaoke establishment and provide girls as entertainment or companionship only; the girls then take customers to an hourly hotel in the same building and pay for the room separately. Informal, individual prostitution (mostly of Filipinas, Indonesians, Thais, and sometimes women from Latin America and the former Soviet Union) is almost always available at discos or hotel bars, especially in the Tsim Sha Tsui and Wan Chai districts (the latter famous as the setting for The World of Suzie Wong). Occasionally the police raid the triad-run prostitution setups, but usually the only arrests made are for immigration violations.[48]

Films about prostitution in Hong Kong

Non-fiction books about prostitution in Hong Kong

Fiction books about prostitution in Hong Kong

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ United States Department of State, "2008 Human Rights Report: China (includes Tibet, Hong Kong, and Macau)", Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor, 2008 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, 25 February 2009
  2. ↑ Internet Pimps in Hong Kong
  3. ↑ William Frederick Mayers; Charles King (1867). The treaty ports of China and Japan: A complete guide to the open ports of those countries, together with Peking, Yedo, Hong Kong and Macao. Forming a guide book & vade mecum for travellers, merchants, and residents in general. Trübner and Co. p. vi.
  4. ↑ "Annual Report of the Colonial Surgeon, with Returns annexed, for the year 1874" (PDF). Hong Kong Government Gazette. 17 April 1875. p. 172. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
  5. ↑ Yang, 52.
  6. 1 2 3 Yang, 53.
  7. 1 2 Encyclopedia of Prostitution and Sex Work, Volume 1, By Melissa Hope Ditmore, Page 213
  8. 1 2 Yang, 57.
  9. ↑ Yang, 145.
  10. ↑ Lim, Patricia (2011). Forgotten Souls: A Social History of the Hong Kong Cemetery. Hong Kong University Press. p. 122. ISBN 978-962-209-990-6.
  11. ↑ Film Service Office. Location Library: Lyndhurst Terrace
  12. ↑ Andrew Yanne, Gillis Heller (2009). Signs of a Colonial Era. Hong Kong University Press. p. 4. ISBN 978-962-209-944-9.
  13. ↑ Finnegans Wake, Etext, p. 351
  14. ↑ McHugh, Roland (2005). Annotations to Finnegans Wake. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 351. ISBN 978-0-8018-8381-1.
  15. 1 2 3 "Early Hong Kong Brothels", Exhibition at the University Museum and Art Gallery, 26 November 2003 to 29 February 2004
  16. ↑ Ingham, Michael (2007). Hong Kong: A Cultural History. Oxford University Press. pp. 106–110. ISBN 9780195314960.
  17. ↑ Wan Chai Heritage Trail flyer. p.2
  18. ↑ Andrew, Elizabeth Wheeler; Bushnell, Katharine Caroline (2006). Heathen Slaves and Christian Rulers. Echo Library. p. 11. ISBN 1-4068-0431-2. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
  19. ↑ John Mark Carroll (2007). A concise history of Hong Kong (illustrated ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. p. 36. ISBN 0-7425-3422-7. Most of the Chinese who came to Hong Kong in the early years were from the lower classes, such as labourers, artisans, Tanka outcasts, prostitutes, wanderers, and smugglers. That these people violated orders from authorities in Canton
  20. ↑ Maria Jaschok; Suzanne Miers (1994). Maria Jaschok; Suzanne Miers, eds. Women and Chinese patriarchy: submission, servitude, and escape (illustrated ed.). Zed Books. p. 237. ISBN 1-85649-126-9. Retrieved 1 November 2011. I am indebted to Dr Maria Jaschok for drawing my attention to Sun Guoqun's work on Chinese prostitution and for a reference to Tanka prostitutes who served Western clients. In this they were unlike typical prostitutes who were so unaccustomed to the appearance of western men that 'they were all afraid of them'.
  21. ↑ Henry J. Lethbridge (1978). Hong Kong, stability and change: a collection of essays. Oxford University Press. p. 75. Retrieved 1 November 2011. but another source of supply was the daughters of the tanka, the boat population of kwangtung
  22. ↑ Henry J. Lethbridge (1978). Hong Kong, stability and change: a collection of essays. Oxford University Press. p. 75. Retrieved 1 November 2011. The Tanka, it seems, not only supplied foreign shipping with provisions but foreigners with mistresses. They also supplied brothels with some of their inmates. As a socially disadvantaged group, they found prostitution a convenient
  23. ↑ Henry J. Lethbridge (1978). Hong Kong, stability and change: a collection of essays. Oxford University Press. p. 210. Retrieved 1 November 2011. In the early days, such women were found usually among the Tanka boat population , a pariah group that infested the Pearl River delta region. A few of these women achieved the status of 'protected' woman (a kept mistress) and were
  24. ↑ Fanny M. Cheung (1997). Fanny M. Cheung, ed. EnGendering Hong Kong society: a gender perspective of women's status (illustrated ed.). Chinese University Press. p. 348. ISBN 962-201-736-3. Retrieved 1 November 2011. twentieth century, in women doubly marginalised: as members of a despised ethnic group of Tanka Boat people, and as prostitutes engaged in "contemptible" sexual intercourse with Western men. In the empirical work done by CT Smith (1994
  25. ↑ Virgil K. Y. Ho (2005). Understanding Canton: rethinking popular culture in the republican period (illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 256. ISBN 0-19-928271-4. Retrieved 1 November 2011. A Cantonese song tells how even low-class Tanka prostitutes could be snobbish, money-oriented, and very impolite to customers. Niggardly or improperly behaved clients were always refused and scolded as 'doomed prisoners' (chien ting) or 'sick cats' ('Shui-chi chien ch'a', in Chi- hsien-hsiao-yin c.1926: 52), and sometimes even punched (Hua-ts'ung-feˆn-tieh 1934
  26. ↑ Virgil K. Y. Ho (2005). Understanding Canton: rethinking popular culture in the republican period (illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 249. ISBN 0-19-928271-4. Retrieved 1 November 2011. Even the tiny floating brothels on which the 'water-chicken' (low-class Tanka prostitutes) worked were said to be beautifully decorated and impressively clean (Hu P'o-an et al. 1923 ii. 13, ch. 7).42 A 1926 Canton guidebook also
  27. ↑ the University of MichiganAustralian National University. Institute of Advanced Studies (1993). East Asian history, Volumes 5–6. Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian National University. p. 110. Retrieved 1 November 2011. In a late nineteenth-century popular novel, the bed-chamber of a 'saltwater girl ' (low-class Tanka prostitute who served foreigners), is described as nicely decorated with a number of Western household objects, which startles the young observer who is crazy about things western
  28. ↑ the University of MichiganAustralian National University. Institute of Advanced Studies (1993). East Asian history, Volumes 5–6. Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian National University. p. 102. Retrieved 1 November 2011. Ethnic prejudice towards the Tanka (boat- people) women persisted throughout the Republican period. These women continued to be mistaken for prostitutes, probably because most of those who peddled ferry services between Canton and
  29. ↑ Virgil K. Y. Ho (2005). Understanding Canton: rethinking popular culture in the republican period (illustrated ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 228. ISBN 0-19-928271-4. Retrieved 1 November 2011. though the possibility should not be ruled out that this rather alarming estimate was based on the popular misconception that most Tanka women (women from the boat-people community) worked as prostitutes
  30. ↑ Peter Hodge (1980). Peter Hodge, ed. Community problems and social work in Southeast Asia: the Hong Kong and Singapore experience. Hong Kong University Press. p. 196. ISBN 962-209-022-2. Retrieved 1 November 2011. EJ Eitel, for example, selected the small group of Tanka people in particular as that section of the population among whom prostitution and the sale of girls for purposes of concubinage flourished. They were associated with the commerce and shipping of a busy and expanding entrepot,
  31. ↑ Ejeas, Volume 1. Brill. 2001. p. 112. Retrieved 5 November 2011. A popular contemporary magazine which followed closely the news in the 'flower business' (huashi) so recorded at least one case of such career advancement that occurred to a Tanka (boat-people) prostitute in Canton.44 To say that all
  32. ↑ the University of MichiganBrill Academic Publishers (2001). European journal of East Asian studies, Volumes 1–2. Brill. p. 112. Retrieved 5 November 2011. at least one case of such career advancement that occurred to a Tanka (boat-people) prostitute in Canton.44 To say
  33. ↑ Henry J. Lethbridge (1978). Hong Kong, stability and change: a collection of essays. Oxford University Press. p. 75. Retrieved 1 November 2011. This exceptional class of Chinese residents here in Hong Kong consists principally of the women known in Hong Kong by the popular nickname " ham-shui- mui " (lit. salt water girls), applied to these members of the so-called Tan-ka or boat
  34. ↑ the University of MichiganPeter Hodge (1980). Peter Hodge, ed. Community problems and social work in Southeast Asia: the Hong Kong and Singapore experience. Hong Kong University Press. p. 33. ISBN 962-209-022-2. Retrieved 1 November 2011. exceptional class of Chinese residents here in Hong Kong consists principally of the women known in Hong Kong by the popular nickname " ham-shui- mui " (lit. salt water girls), applied to these members of the so-called Tan-ka or boat
  35. ↑ Elizabeth Wheeler Andrew; Katharine Caroline Bushnell (2006). Heathen Slaves and Christian Rulers. Echo Library. p. 13. ISBN 1-4068-0431-2. Retrieved 31 October 2011. or among Chinese residents as their concubines, or to be sold for export to Singapore, San Francisco, or Australia.
  36. ↑ Great Britain. Parliament (March 1882). Correspondence respecting the alleged existence of Chinese slavery in Hong Kong: presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty. Volume 3185 of C (Series) (Great Britain. Parliament) (reprint ed.). LONDON: Printed by G.E. Eyre and W. Spottiswoode for H.M.S.O. p. 54. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  37. ↑ Great Britain. Parliament (March 1882). Correspondence respecting the alleged existence of Chinese slavery in Hong Kong: presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty. Volume 3185 of C (Series) (Great Britain. Parliament) (reprint ed.). LONDON: H.M.S.O. p. 55. Retrieved 1 November 2011.
  38. ↑ Ng, Benjamin Wai-ming (7 October 2005). "Chapter 6 - Making of a Japanese Community in Prewar Period (1841-1941)". In Chu, Cindy Yik-yi. Foreign Communities in Hong Kong, 1840s-1950s. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 120. ISBN 9781403980557.
  39. ↑ Yang, 21.
  40. 1 2 Hong Kong legal code Chapter 200 Section 139 Keeping a vice establishment.
  41. 1 2 3 Yang, 55.
  42. ↑ Lau, Nickkita (15 October 2007). "Teen girls sell sex via the internet". The Standard. Hong Kong. Retrieved 5 September 2008.
  43. ↑ Chiou, Pauline, "Girls sell sex in Hong Kong to earn shopping Money", CNN, 13 October 2009
  44. ↑ Yang, 99. In the Philippines, "agencies" officially recruiting girls as bar maids operate quite openly and professionally, one such agency can for example be found in Mabalacat, near Angeles City. The girls are selected according to looks, language and conversation skills, trained by choreographers how to dance, and undergo medical exams (drugs, HIV, hepatitis B,C, pregnancy) and have to make a substantial cash deposit before signing a contract. They are instructed what to say at immigration. Once in Hong Kong, they discover what the real job is and they find themselves with debt, no money, and nowhere to go. Often they resign to their fate and do what they are told to do. The system seems to be protected in higher places, retired police officers being involved in the management of the bars.
  45. ↑ "Confronting Trafficking and Prostitution in Asia - The Struggle for Survival and Dignity, Making the Harm Visible, Global Sexual Exploitation of Women and Girls, Speaking Out and Providing Services". Uri.edu. Retrieved 2015-09-07.
  46. ↑ Yang, 99–100.
  47. ↑ Yang, 100.
  48. 1 2 "警瓦解SEX141賣淫集團". Ming Pao, 5 December 2013 (Chinese). Archived from the original on 9 December 2103
  49. ↑ Hong Kong legal code Chapter 200 Section 147A Prohibition of signs advertising prostitution.
  50. ↑ "Getting laid online" (archive link). Time Out Hong Kong. Retrieved 7 November 2011.
  51. ↑ Sex141.com. Alexa.com. Retrieved 7 November 2011. Archive link. Retrieved 7 December 2013 showing Alexa rank of 105 in Hong Kong.
  52. 1 2 Siu, Beatrice (6 December 2013) Fancy $60m-a-year online sex ring smashed. The Standard.
  53. ↑ Hong Kong legal code Chapter 200 Section 130 Control over persons for purpose of unlawful sexual intercourse or prostitution.
  54. ↑ Hong Kong legal code Chapter 200 Section 131 Causing prostitution and Section 137 Living on earnings of prostitution of others.
  55. ↑ Hong Kong legal code Chapter 200 Section 141 Permitting young person to resort to or be on premises or vessel for intercourse, prostitution, buggery or homosexual act.

References

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