Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid

Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, sodium salt
Clinical data

ATC code	L03AX07 (WHO)
Identifiers
IUPAC name poly[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-5-(4-amino-2-oxopyrimidin-1-yl)-3,4-dihydroxyoxolan-2-yl]methyl dihydrogen phosphate;
CAS Number	24939-03-5^Y
PubChem (CID)	32744
ChemSpider	none
Chemical and physical data
Formula	(C₁₀H₁₀N₄NaO₇P)_x • (C₉H₁₁N₃NaO₇P)_x
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Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (usually abbreviated poly I:C) is an immunostimulant. It is used in the form of its sodium salt to simulate viral infections.^[1]

Poly I:C is known to interact with toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), which is expressed in the membrane of B-cells, macrophages and dendritic cells. Poly I:C is structurally similar to double-stranded RNA, which is present in some viruses and is a "natural" stimulant of TLR3. Thus, Poly I:C can be considered a synthetic analog of double-stranded RNA and is a common tool for scientific research on the immune system.

Chemistry

Poly I:C is a mismatched double-stranded RNA with one strand being a polymer of inosinic acid, the other a polymer of cytidylic acid.

Variants

Optimization of physicochemical properties of poly(I:C) has led to generation of derivatives that have increased stability in body fluids (such as polyICLC), or reduced toxicity through reduced stability in body fluids (such as poly(I:C₁₂U).^[2]

References

↑ Fortier ME, Kent S, Ashdown H, Poole S, Boksa P, Luheshi GN (2004). "The viral mimic, polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, induces fever in rats via an interleukin-1-dependent mechanism". Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. 287 (4): R759–66. doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00293.2004. PMID 15205185.
↑ Naumann, Kai; Wehner, Rebekka; Schwarze, Anett; Petzold, Christiane; Schmitz, Marc; Rohayem, Jacques (2013-12-02). "Activation of Dendritic Cells by the Novel Toll-Like Receptor 3 Agonist RGC100". Clinical and Developmental Immunology. 2013: 1–11. doi:10.1155/2013/283649. ISSN 1740-2522. PMC 3878805. PMID 24454470.

Immunostimulants (L03)

Endogenous

Cytokines

Colony-stimulating factors	G-CSF Filgrastim / Pegfilgrastim Lenograstim GM-CSF Molgramostim Sargramostim SCF Ancestim

Interferons	alpha: Albinterferon Interferon alfa natural Interferon alfa 2a / Peginterferon alfa-2a Interferon alfa 2b / Peginterferon alfa-2b Interferon alfa n1 Interferon alfacon-1 Interferon alpha-n3 beta: Interferon beta natural Interferon beta 1a Interferon beta 1b Interferon gamma

Interleukins	Aldesleukin Oprelvekin

Other protein / peptide

Other

Exogenous

A New Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) Paradigm:Polarization into a Pro-Inflammatory MSC1 or anImmunosuppressive MSC2 Phenotype:Ruth S. Waterman1, Suzanne L. Tomchuck2, Sarah L. Henkle2, Aline M. Betancourt2:April 2010 | Volume 5 | Issue 4 | e10088

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