Plen-an-gwary
A plen-an-gwary, also known as a playing place or round (Cornish: Plen an Gwari), is a medieval Cornish amphitheatre. A circular outdoor space used for plays, sports, and public events, the plen-an-gwary was a Cornish variant of a construction style found across Great Britain. Formerly common across Cornwall, only two survive nearly complete today: the Plen in St Just in Penwith (50°07′28″N 5°40′51″W / 50.1245°N 5.6807°W) and Saint Piran's Round near Perranporth (50°20′54″N 5°07′24″W / 50.3482°N 5.1234°W).[1][2][3]
The theatre area could be used for local gatherings, sports events, and production of plays. Cornwall culture had a type of play called miracle plays, written in the Cornish language, that would were meant to spread Christianity. To capture the attention of the audience, "the plays were often noisy, bawdy and entertaining."[1] The most important work of literature surviving from the Middle Cornish period is Ordinalia, a 9000-line religious verse drama which had probably reached its present form by 1400. The Ordinalia consists of three miracle plays, Origo Mundi, Passio Christi and Resurrexio Domini, meant to be performed on successive days. Such plays were performed in a plain-an-gwarry.[1]
St Just
The St Just plain-an-gwarry is a large circular space, encircled by a 2 metre high wall of stone. There are two entries into the space.[1] In November 1878 the ″Plane-an-Guare″ was restored under the guidance of several gentlemen including William Copeland Borlase. The outer wall was exposed and several loads of stone were brought up from Boscean.[4] By December 1878 the ″renewal″ of the outer wall was almost complete. The restoration was funded to provide relief for the unemployed due to the closure of local mines.[5] It is central to the celebrations of the annual Lafrowda Day festival.[6][7]
Possible sites
- The Long Sentry field south-east of the church in St Mabyn, has been identified as the possible location of the most northerly Plain-an-gwarry.[8][9]
- There is evidence to suggest that Bartinney Castle near Sancreed in the Penwith Peninsula may have been an Iron Age Plen An Gwarry for the celebration of Celtic Fire festivals.[10]
- There is an area called Plain-an-Gwarry one mile to the north-east of Marazion.[11]
- Site in the parish of Grade–Ruan approximately 200 m from Treleage farm (grid reference SW71531553)[12]
Gallery
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Field at Playing Place, the site of the plain-an-gwarry that gave the village of Playing Place its name. Playing place being the English translation from the Cornish/Kernewek plain-an-gwarry.
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Playing Place plaque that acknowledges the plain-an-gwarry, or playing place, site for which the village was named. It specifically refers to performances about Saint Kea
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The opening verses of Origo Mundi, the first play of the Ordinalia (the magnum opus of mediaeval Cornish literature), written by an unknown monk in the late 14th century
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 St Just Plain-an-Gwarry. Historic Cornwall. Retrieved 23 September 2012.
- ↑ St Piran's Round. English Heritage National Monuments. Retrieved 19 September 2012.
- ↑ St Piran's Round - map. English Heritage National Monuments. Retrieved 19 September 2012.
- ↑ "Restoring the Plane-an-Guare". The Cornishman (17). 14 November 1878. p. 5.
- ↑ "The Plan-an-Guare at St Just". The Cornishman (22). 12 December 1878. p. 4.
- ↑ "Welcome to the Plen Project".
- ↑ "St. Just in Penwith".
- ↑ "Heritage Gateway - Results". heritagegateway.org.uk. 2014. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
- ↑ Church Terrier - 1613 - Cornwall Record Office Document ARD/TER/304
- ↑ Weatherhill, Craig. Belerion. (page 34) 1981. ISBN 0-906720-01-X
- ↑ 1:25000 Explorer 102 Land's End (A1 ed.). Southampton: Ordnance Survey. 1996. ISBN 0 319 21816 3.
- ↑ "Monument No 426711". Pastscape. Historic England. Retrieved 20 December 2015..