Placostylus ambagiosus
| Placostylus ambagiosus | |
|---|---|
 | |
| A shell of the subspecies Placostylus ambagiosus priscus | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| (unranked): | clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura |
| Superfamily: | Orthalicoidea |
| Family: | Bothriembryontidae |
| Subfamily: | Placostylinae |
| Genus: | Placostylus |
| Species: | P. ambagiosus |
| Binomial name | |
| Placostylus ambagiosus Suter, 1906[2][3] | |
Placostylus ambagiosus is a species of flax snail (Māori: pupuharakeke), a large air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Bothriembryontidae.
Description
This snail has a large (60–95 millimetres or 2.4–3.7 inches long) shell, which is heavily calcified.
Distribution
This land snail species occurs in New Zealand. It is restricted to a small fragmented area of Northland Region, including the Aupouri Peninsula and Motuopao Island.[4]
Hypothetical subspecies
In 2011, Buckley et al.[5] established, based on molecular phylogeny research and shell morphology research, that there are in fact no subspecies of Placostylus ambagiosus.[5] However, in the past, what were thought to be eight extant subspecies and a number of undescribed but distinct populations were named;[4] 6 of these "subspecies" are now extinct[6] (marked with a †); conservation statuses were given according to the New Zealand Threat Classification System for the extant taxa: "nationally critical" and "nationally endangered":[7]
- Placostylus ambagiosus "Herangi Hill" †
- Placostylus ambagiosus "nouvelle" - nationally endangered
- Placostylus ambagiosus "Haupatoto" - nationally critical
- Placostylus ambagiosus "Kauaetewhakapeke Stream" - nationally critical
- Placostylus ambagiosus "Kohuronaki" - nationally critical
- Placostylus ambagiosus "Poroiki" - nationally critical
- Placostylus ambagiosus "Te Paki" - nationally endangered
- Placostylus ambagiosus "Tirikawa" - nationally critical
- Placostylus ambagiosus ambagiosus Suter, 1906 - nationally critical
- Placostylus ambagiosus annectens Powell, 1938 2
- Placostylus ambagiosus consobrinus Powell, 1938 - nationally critical
- Placostylus ambagiosus gardneri †
- Placostylus ambagiosus hancoxi 1
- Placostylus ambagiosus hinemoa †
- Placostylus ambagiosus keenorum Powell, 1938 - nationally endangered
- Placostylus ambagiosus lesleyae †
- Placostylus ambagiosus michiei Powell, 1951 - nationally endangered
- Placostylus ambagiosus pandora Powell, 1951 - nationally critical
- Placostylus ambagiosus paraspiritus Powell, 1951 - nationally endangered
- Placostylus ambagiosus priscus †
- Placostylus ambagiosus spiritus †
- Placostylus ambagiosus watti Powell, 1947 - nationally critical
- Placostylus ambagiosus whareana Powell, 1951 - nationally critical
- Placostylus ambagiosus worthyi †
References
- ↑ Sherley G. (1996). "Placostylus ambagiosus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Retrieved February 6, 2010.
- ↑ Suter H. (1906). J. de Conch. 54: 253, plate 8, figure 1-3.
- ↑ "Object: Placostylus ambagiosus Suter, 1907; lectotype; lectotype of Placostylus hongii ambagiosus Suter, 1907". Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
- 1 2 I. A. N. Stringer & E. A. Grant (2007). Captive rearing and biology of the endangered giant land snails Placostylus ambagiosus and P. hongii (Pulmonata: Bulimulidae) (PDF). DOC Research & Development Series 279. Department of Conservation. ISBN 978-0-478-14288-4.
- 1 2 Buckley T. R., Stringer I., Gleeson D., Howitt R., Attanayake D., Parrish R., Sherley G. & Rohan M. (2011). "A revision of the New Zealand Placostylus land snails using mitochondrial DNA and shell morphometric analyses, with implications for conservation". New Zealand Journal of Zoology 38(1): 55-81. doi:10.1080/03014223.2010.527997.
- ↑ "Extinct Species of New Zealand". Natural Heritage Collection. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
- ↑ "Terrestrial invertebrate - part one". New Zealand Threat Classification System. Department of Conservation. 2002.
Further reading
- Powell A. W. B. (1979). New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd., Auckland, New Zealand, ISBN 0-00-216906-1.
- Suter H. (1913). Manual of the New Zealand Mollusca. Wellington, 1120 pp., page 768.
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