Pherbellia

Pherbellia
Pherbellia cinerella
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Hexapoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Sciomyzidae
Genus: Pherbellia
Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830
Type species
Pherbellia vernallis
Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830[1]
Species

About 95, see text

Synonyms
  • Melina Jean-Baptiste Robineau-Desvoidy

Pherbellia is a genus of flies in the family Sciomyzidae, the marsh flies or snail-killing flies. They occur throughout the world, except for the Subantarctic region.[2]

Like many Sciomyzidae, species of this genus have larvae that are predators or parasitoids of snails. The larva of P. albovaria, for example, eats land snails such as Anguispira alternata and A. fergusoni, and then pupates in the empty shell.[3] The P. albocostata larva eats up to five snails and then pupates in the ground litter next to the last empty shell.[4] The larva of P. inflexa attacks the glass snail Zonitoides arboreus.[5]

P. punctata is a parasitoid on the amber snail Succinea putris.[6] P. anubis larvae feed on several types of freshwater snails along the edges of ponds and marshes.[4] Several Pherbellia are predators of the pond snail Stagnicola palustris.[4] While most snail-killing flies target land and freshwater pulmonate snails, P. prefixa preys on the mossy valvata (Valvata sincera), which is an operculate snail in the valve snail family.[4]

As of 2012 there were about 95 species in the genus.[2]

Species

Pherbellia albocostata in the lower vegetation near a small pond
Two males of Pherbellia annulipes face off on a stump
Pherbellia cinerella

Species in this genus include:[7][4]

References

  1. Rozkošný, R. (1984). The Sciomyzidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica. 14. E.J. Brill/Scandinavian Science Press. pp. 224 pp. ISBN 90-04-07592-5.
  2. 1 2 Knutson, William L.; Knutson, Lloyd V.; Chapman, Eric G.; Mc Donnell, Rory J.; Williams, Christopher D.; Foote, Benjamin A.; Vala, Jean-Claude (2012). "Key Aspects of the Biology of Snail-Killing Sciomyzidae Flies" (PDF). Annual Review of Entomology. Annual Reviews. 57: 425–447. doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-120710-100702. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
  3. Örstan, A. (2008). "Larva of the sciomyzid fly Pherbellia albovaria preys on the land snail Angispira fergusoni" (PDF). Triton. Israel Malacological Society. 18: 37. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Foote, B.A.; Knutson, L.V.; Keiper, J.B. (1999). "The snail-killing flies of Alaska (Diptera: Sciomyzidae)". Insecta Mundi. Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida. 13 (1-2): 45–71. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
  5. Foote, B.A. (2007). "Biology of Pherbellia inflexa (Diptera: Sciomyzidae), a predator of land snails belonging to the genus Zonitoides". Entomological News. The American Entomological Society. 118 (2): 193–198. doi:10.3157/0013-872x(2007)118[193:bopdsa]2.0.co;2. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
  6. Moor, B. (1980). "On the biology of the relationship between Pherbellia punctata (Diptera, Sciomyzidae) and its host Succinea putris (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora)". Revue Suisse de Zoologie. Muséum histoire naturelle sciences naturelles de la Ville de Genéve. 87 (4): 941–953. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
  7. Pherbellia. Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).
  8. Knutson, L.; Manguin, S.; Orth, R.E. (1990). "A second Australian species of Pherbellia Robineau Desvoidy (Diptera: Sciomyzidae)". Australian Journal of Entomology. Australian Entomological Society. 29 (4): 281–386. doi:10.1111/j.1440-6055.1990.tb00364.x. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
  9. Knutson, Lloyd (1985). "Pherbellia kugleri, a remarkable new species from Mt. Hermon, with other new records of Sciomyzidae from Israel (Diptera:Acalyptratae)" (PDF). Israel Journal of Entomology. The Entomological Society of Israel. 19: 111–117. Retrieved 31 December 2014.
  10. Sueyoshi, M. (2001). "A revision of Japanese Sciomyzidae (Diptera), with descriptions of three new species". Entomological Science. Wiley. 4 (4): 485–506.
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