Peter Rainier, junior

Peter Rainier, Jr.
Admiral Peter Rainier, head-and-shoulders portrait
Born	24 November 1741
Died	7 April 1808
Allegiance	United Kingdom
Service/branch	Royal Navy
Rank	Admiral
Commands held	HMS Astraea HMS Monarch HMS Suffolk East Indies Station
Battles/wars	American Revolutionary War French Revolutionary Wars Napoleonic Wars

Admiral Peter Rainier, Jr. (24 November 1741 – 7 April 1808) was a British naval officer. Mount Rainier in Washington, USA, was named after him.

Rainier was born in England, the grandson of Daniel Regnier, a Huguenot refugee, and the son of Peter Rainier of Sandwich.^[1]

Naval career

Rainier enlisted in the Royal Navy in 1756 at the age of 15.^[1] He served on HMS Oxford, Yarmouth, Norfolk, and Burford.^[1] On 26 May 1768, working as the master of one of his family's merchant ships, Rainier was promoted to lieutenant.^[1]

During the American Revolutionary War, Rainier was severely wounded on 8 July 1778, while capturing a large American privateer.^[1] He was promoted in rank and went on to become Captain of the 32-gun frigate HMS Astraea. He commanded her on the Jamaica Station from 1786 to 1790.

In 1790, he became the commander of HMS Monarch.^[1] On 8 May 1792, George Vancouver named Mount Rainier in modern-day Washington after Captain Rainier:

"The weather was serene and pleasant, and the country continued to exhibit between us and the eastern snowy range the same luxuriant appearance. At is northern extremity, Mount Baker bore by compass N. 22E.; the round snowy mountain, now forming its southern extremity, and which, after my friend, Rear Admiral Rainier, I distinguish by the name of Mount Rainier, bore N(S) 42 E."^[2]

In early 1793, Rainier commissioned the 74-gun Suffolk.^[1] From 1794 to 1805, Rainier commanded Royal Navy operations on the East Indies Station.^[1] During his tenure, large swaths of territory came under British control.^[1]

In 1795, Rainier was promoted to Rear-Admiral. Four years later, he was promoted to the rank of vice admiral.^[1] He served in the East Indies as Commodore and commander-in-chief of a fleet. ^[1]

In 1800, he commanded an expedition to Java. On 23 August 1800 Sybille, Daedalus, Centurion, and Braave entered Batavia Roads and captured five Dutch armed vessels in all and destroyed 22 other vessels.^[3] The British took one vessel into service and Captain Henry Lidgbird Ball of Daedalus named her HMS Admiral Rainier, and ordered her manned, armed, and equipped.^[3] (Admiral Rainier was sold in September 1803.)

In 1805 Rainier returned to England and retired from active duty.^[1]

Post-military career

After Rainier's retirement, the ministry continued to consult him and in 1805 was promoted to Admiral of the Blue in the celebratory promotions following the British victory at the Battle of Trafalgar.^[1] In 1807, he became a Member of Parliament (MP) for Sandwich. He died the following year at his home on Great George Street, Westminster.^[1]

Rainier left an estate valued at £250,000. After having made provision for his near relations, he left ten percent of his estate to the Chancellor of the Exchequer to be used to reduce the national debt, in acknowledgement of:

...the national establishment of the Royal Navy, in which I have acquired the principal part of the fortune I now have, which has exceeded my merit and pretensions.^[4]

References