Pedro Pablo Ramírez
| Pedro Pablo Ramírez | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 27th President of Argentina De facto | |
|
In office June 7, 1943 – February 23, 1944 | |
| Vice President |
Sabá Sueyro (1943) Edelmiro Farrell (1943–44) |
| Preceded by | Arturo Rawson |
| Succeeded by | Edelmiro Farrell |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
January 30, 1884 La Paz, Entre Ríos |
| Died |
May 12, 1962 (aged 78) Buenos Aires |
| Nationality | Argentine |
| Spouse(s) | María Inés Lobato Mulle |
| Profession | Military |
| Signature |
 |
| Military service | |
| Service/branch | Argentine Army |
| Years of service | 1904–1944 |
| Rank | Major General |
Pedro Pablo Ramirez Machuca (January 30, 1884 – May 12, 1962) was de facto President of Argentina from June 7, 1943 to February 24, 1944. He was the founder and leader of Guardia Nacional, Argentina's Fascist militia.[1]
After graduating from the Argentine military college in 1904 as a second lieutenant, Ramírez was promoted in 1910 as first lieutenant of the cavalry. In 1911, he was sent to Germany for training with the Fifth Hussars cavalry in Kaiser Wilhelm's Prussian Army. He returned home in 1913, with a German wife, prior to the outbreak of World War I.[2] Advancing in rank as a specialist in cavalry tactics, he assisted fellow General José Félix Uriburu in a fascist coup that deposed Hipólito Yrigoyen in 1930. Ramírez was sent to Rome to observe Mussolini's army until his return in 1932.
When Uriburu set free elections and was voted out of office, General Ramírez worked behind the scenes to plan a return of fascism to Argentina. Over the next several years, he organized the Milicia Nacionalista (later the Guardia), and authored a program for a state ruled by the militia. In 1942, Ramírez was appointed as War Minister by President Ramón Castillo, and began to reorganize the Argentine Army. At the same time, the Guardia Nacional joined with another party to form "Recuperacion Nacional," a fascist political party. Castillo fired Ramírez following a cabinet meeting on May 18, 1943. Two weeks later, on June 4, 1943, Ramírez assisted Arturo Rawson in overthrowing Castillo's government, and was again made Minister of War. Three days later, on June 7 Ramírez forced Rawson's resignation and maintained Argentina's neutrality during World War II. Argentina was torn by then between Britain, who wanted the country to stay neutral, and the US, who wanted it to join the Allies. Ramírez stayed neutral and, consequently, the United States refused requests for Lend-Lease aid. Argentina finally declared war on Germany and Japan during the government of Edelmiro Farrell.
Despite having been brought to power through a coup d'état, Peronist historiography never calls him a dictator.[3]
Portrayal in the media
- Ramirez makes a brief appearance in the film Evita during the song "The Lady's Got Potential", which depicts Juan Peron's rise to power. Here he is depicted as a very elderly man by Hector Malamud.
Bibliography
- Mendelevich, Pablo (2010). El Final. Buenos Aires: Ediciones B. ISBN 978-987-627-166-0.
References
External links
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Arturo Rawson |
President of Argentina 1943–1944 |
Succeeded by Edelmiro Farrell |
| May Revolution and Independence War Period up to Asamblea del Año XIII (1810–1814) |  | |
|---|---|---|
| Supreme Directors of the United Provinces of the Río de la Plata (1814–1820) | ||
| Unitarian Republic – First Presidential Government (1826–1827) | ||
| Pacto Federal and Argentine Confederation (1827–1862) | ||
| National Organization – Argentine Republic (1862–1880) | ||
| Generation of '80 – Oligarchic Republic (1880–1916) | ||
| First Radical Civic Union terms, after secret ballot (1916–1930) | ||
| Infamous Decade (1930–1943) | ||
| Revolution of '43 military dictatorships (1943–1946) | ||
| First Peronist terms (1946–1955) | ||
| Revolución Libertadora military dictatorships (1955–1958) | ||
| Fragile civilian governments – Proscription of Peronism (1958–1966) | ||
| Revolución Argentina military dictatorships (1966–1973) | ||
| Return of Perón (1973–1976) | ||
| National Reorganization Process military dictatorships (1976–1983) | ||
| Return to democracy (1983–present) | ||