Patwin language

Patwin
Southern Wintun
Native to United States
Region Colusa, Lake, Napa, Solano, and Yolo Counties, northern California
Ethnicity Patwin
Native speakers
 1 (as of 2003)[1]
Revival [2]
Wintuan

  • Southern

    • Patwin
Dialects
  • Hill Patwin
  • River Patwin
  • ?Southern Patwin
Language codes
ISO 639-3 pwi
Glottolog patw1250[3]

Patwin (Patween) is a critically endangered Wintuan language of Northern California. As of 2011, there was "at least one first language speaker of Patwin."[4] As of 2010, Patwin language classes were taught at the Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation (formerly Rumsey Rancheria) tribal school (Dubin 2010).

Patwin has two (excl. Southern Patwin) or three (incl. Southern Patwin) dialects: "River Patwin (or Valley Patwin) was traditionally spoken along the Sacramento River in Colusa County ... Hill Patwin, was spoken in the plains and foothills to the west."[4][5]

Southern Patwin became extinct shortly after contact. It is very poorly attested, and may be a separate Southern Wintuan language (Mithun 1999).

As of 2012, the Tewe Kewe Cultural Center of the Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation has "a California Indian Library Collection and an extensive Patwin language and history research section."[6]

Phonemes

Consonants

Patwin has 24 consonant phonemes. In the table below, the IPA form(s) of each consonant are given. This is followed by the form commonly used in published Patwin linguistics literature, if this is different from the IPA form.

Bilabial Alveolar Post-
alveolar		 Palatal Velar Glottal
central lateral
Plosive voiceless p t k ʔ
aspirated pʰ tʰ kʰ
ejective pʼ tʼ kʼ
voiced b d
Nasal m n
Fricative s ɬ ~ t͡ɬ ⟨ƚ⟩ h
Affricate voiceless t͡ʃ ⟨č⟩
ejective t͡ɬʼ ⟨ƛʼ⟩ t͡ʃʼ ⟨čʼ⟩
Trill/Flap r̥ ~ ɾ ⟨r⟩
Approximant w l j ⟨y⟩ w

Vowels

Patwin has 10 vowels:

   Short   Long 
 Front   Back   Front   Back 
 High (close)  i u iː ⟨i·⟩ uː ⟨u·⟩
 Mid  e o eː ⟨e·⟩ oː ⟨o·⟩
 Low (open)  a aː ⟨a·⟩

References

  1. ↑ Golla, Victor (2011). California Indian languages. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-26667-4.
  2. ↑
  3. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Patwin". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  4. 1 2 "Patwin – Survey of California and Other Indian Languages". Retrieved 2012-08-30.
  5. ↑ "Quail Ridge Reserve - Human History Patwin". Retrieved 2012-08-30.
  6. ↑ "Cultural Resources – Yocha Dehe Wintun Nation". Retrieved 2012-08-30.

Further reading

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